掌握雅思閱讀精讀訓(xùn)練的正確方法
關(guān)于雅思精讀，有很多考生覺得太浪費(fèi)時(shí)間了，而且見效慢。今天小編給大家?guī)砹苏莆昭潘奸喿x精讀訓(xùn)練的正確方法，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
掌握雅思閱讀精讀訓(xùn)練的正確方法
精讀(intensive reading)是相對于泛讀(extensive reading)來說的。如果泛讀可以理解為“廣泛的讀”，那我們可以把精讀稱之為“精細(xì)的讀”。何為精細(xì)的讀呢?我認(rèn)為精讀是逐字逐句地讀，全面理解文中單詞的詞義，理清句子結(jié)構(gòu)，讀懂句子進(jìn)而理解段落和文章結(jié)構(gòu)。
精讀是一種非常有效的提高閱讀能力的閱讀方式。一個(gè)英語水平中等的考生如果能認(rèn)真完成十幾篇雅思真題的精讀，再加上一些針對性的訓(xùn)練，閱讀單項(xiàng)取得 7.5 分以上的成績不成問題。精讀除了能幫我們提高雅思考試需要的閱讀能力，還有助于積累詞匯和好的表達(dá)方式，對寫作也大有幫助。
那么雅思閱讀該如何精讀呢?現(xiàn)在我們就來看看精讀這味藥：雅思精讀成分：劍橋真題 4-10。
對于準(zhǔn)備參加雅思考試的同學(xué)來說，真題是最好的練習(xí)資料。而雅思真題非常有限，劍 4 到 劍 10 共 28 套題 84 篇文章，所以要充分利用真題，認(rèn)真做每一篇精讀。
療程 & 劑量：半個(gè)月，每天堅(jiān)持精讀一套真題(三篇)，或做等量的針對性練習(xí)。根據(jù)個(gè)人情況，酌情增減。
接下來我們來看看具體的使用方法，根據(jù)不同的問題對癥下藥：
雅思閱讀適用癥 1：單詞不認(rèn)識，句子讀不懂。
雅思精讀訓(xùn)練適用說明：在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)做完一套閱讀題并核對完答案之后，將閱讀原文中的答案句和重點(diǎn)句逐句精讀，復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)間充裕者可做全文精讀。
劃出一句話中的生詞并通過查詞典(點(diǎn)我看詞典推薦)搞懂詞義，將這些詞按照類別整理出來，經(jīng)常翻看。同時(shí)也要注意積累高頻考點(diǎn)詞和同近義表達(dá)。
一句話讀不懂的一個(gè)可能的原因是生詞較多或關(guān)鍵詞不認(rèn)識。精讀首先幫助我們積累生詞。雅思閱讀的內(nèi)容包羅萬象，天文地理、人類發(fā)展、環(huán)境保護(hù)、經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)、語言文化、人物傳記等都有涉及。每類文章都存在一些對于理解文章起到重要作用的單詞，把這些單詞積累下來對于理解這篇文章以及今后再做同類的閱讀題大有幫助。
有些詞雖然不是生詞，但它們在文章及題目中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，也就是我們所說的考點(diǎn)詞，這些詞往往是解題的關(guān)鍵。因此在精讀的過程中也要劃出這些考點(diǎn)詞，記住它們并對這些詞保持敏感。
做過雅思真題的朋友可能已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了，雅思閱讀中處處都是同義詞替換。所以在精讀過程中不光要積累不認(rèn)識的生詞和高頻考點(diǎn)詞，還要注意找出同近義詞和上下義替換的詞組，這些地方往往都是出題點(diǎn)。同樣的，要把這些同近義詞 / 表達(dá)總結(jié)整理出來并經(jīng)常翻看，加深印象。
雅思閱讀適用癥 2：單詞都認(rèn)識，句子依然讀不懂。
雅思精讀訓(xùn)練適用說明：而當(dāng)一句話中每個(gè)詞都認(rèn)識，但還是看不懂這句話要表達(dá)的意思，可能是句子結(jié)構(gòu)沒搞清楚。這時(shí)你需要做的是句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析練習(xí)。
具體做法是：先判斷這個(gè)句子所屬的結(jié)構(gòu)類型，是簡單句、并列復(fù)合句還是主從復(fù)合句，主句、從句、連接詞分別是什么。然后找到句子的主語和謂語，理解句子的主干。接下來進(jìn)行成分劃分，即分析這句話中的各個(gè)部分在此句中作何成分。搞清楚了這些以后試著理解這句話的含義，時(shí)間充裕的話可以試著寫下翻譯。
舉個(gè)例子：The advantages claimed for such foods over conventionally grown and marketed food products are now being debated.這是一個(gè)簡單句。
先找句子主干：The advantages [主語] are now being debated [謂語].
再看其他部分做什么成分：claimed for such foods over conventionally grown and marketed food products 作定語，是修飾主語 the advantages 的。這句話可翻譯為：有人認(rèn)為綠色食品比用常規(guī)方法生產(chǎn)和銷售的食品更好，但這種說法現(xiàn)在受到了質(zhì)疑。
這樣做下來雖然比較費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)力，但效果非常好。通常情況下，當(dāng)完成 300 個(gè)句子分析后就能明顯感到自己的閱讀能力有很大提高。
雅思閱讀適用癥 3：句子能讀懂，文章不理解。
雅思精讀訓(xùn)練適用說明：當(dāng)你讀單句時(shí)單詞都認(rèn)識，句子結(jié)構(gòu)比較清楚，句子好像也能理解，但是看完一遍整篇文章之后還是不明所以。此時(shí)你可能需要進(jìn)行文章邏輯訓(xùn)練。當(dāng)進(jìn)行完單句的精讀之后，從宏觀的角度看看每個(gè)段落的大意是什么，它們在邏輯上是如何安排的，確定句間及段落間邏輯關(guān)系(因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、并列等)，劃出邏輯標(biāo)志詞。此時(shí)再找出剛剛做過的題目，分析錯(cuò)誤原因，找到答案的出處，經(jīng)過這樣循序漸進(jìn)的練習(xí)你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)考官出題的思路。
注意事項(xiàng)：123 需要一起使用，也就是在精讀一篇文章時(shí)按照這個(gè)順序，先解決單詞的問題，然后是句子，接著是段落文章。如果有某個(gè)部分特別薄弱，比如不認(rèn)識的單詞太多、完全理不清句子結(jié)構(gòu)等，就要加大相對應(yīng)的能力訓(xùn)練。
雅思閱讀小范圍預(yù)測
文章題目 We have star performers
重復(fù)年份 20160114 20121124
題材 商業(yè)管理
題型 段落細(xì)節(jié)配對 4+判斷 4+填空 5
文章大意 人才與天賦，討論人才和選人標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之間的論證。講公司考核員工主要的依據(jù)，talents, 文章批判了傳統(tǒng)的觀點(diǎn)(才能是與生俱來的，是不變的，是需要公司去發(fā)現(xiàn)的。文章先用一段肯定了有才能的人的存在，然后分段講到，才能是隨時(shí)間變化的，是不能被精確度量的，是可以憑努力換來的。
文章題目 Newly Hatched birds
重復(fù)年份 20150430 20130718 20100821 20070922
題材 動物
題型 暫無
文章大意 有一種通過敲擊蛋殼加速蛋的孵化，并解釋了同時(shí)孵化的原因。后面又比較
了各種鳥的喂食方式。
參考閱讀： The changes in body weight and composition were examined in broilers that either had immediate access to feed and water or had not been fed for 48 h posthatch. Chicks without access to feed decreased in BW by 7.8% in the 48 h posthatch, which was equivalent to 5.3 kcal/45 g chick/d. However, during this period the small intestines increased in weight and protein content by 80% or more. The decrease in yolk fat and protein could account for most of the changes in body composition in the feed-deprived chick. In contrast, fed chicks grew by 5 g and used 4.5 kcal/d for maintenance; during this period small intestines increased in weight by 110%. Intestinal absorption of exogenous nutrients was determined from hatch through 4 d posthatch by administration of a bolus of labeled glucose, methionine, or oleic acid, together with a nonabsorbed reference substance. Absorption of fatty acids was more than 80% at hatch and was higher than that of glucose and methionine, which was low especially when the bolus was administered as a solution. Absorption of all components tested increased with age and was more than 80% on Day 4. Duodenal in situ uptake determinations in hatching chicks indicated that uptake of oleic acid was high from yolk and saline solutions compared with glucose and methionine, which exhibited low uptake from yolk but higher uptake from saline solutions. These studies indicate that, although the small intestine has the capacity to absorb carbohydrates and amino acids at hatch, uptake may be dependant on the development of suitable conditions, including sufficient pancreatic and brush border enzymes for digestion and adequate sodium for function of the glucose-sodium cotransporters.
......
文章題目 Egypt‘s Sunken Treasures
重復(fù)年份 20150509 20120331
題材 考古
題型 配對 4+判斷+填空
文章大意 埃及一個(gè)古建筑在海底被發(fā)現(xiàn)了，考古學(xué)家拯救海底建筑。
參考閱讀： The exhibition of Egyptian antiquities currently at the Grand Palais in Paris possesses an international importance comparable in the past 40 years only with the exhibition of Chinese art organised by Beijing at the Petit Palais in 1973. Instead of famous works of art from museums or private collections, it displays a great number of new archaeological discoveries, including some unexpected chef d'oeuvres, all but one unpublished before now. Shown first in Berlin, it has been organised by a French underwater archaeologist, Franck Goddio (Fig. 5), to present the results of well over 10 years of his research along the shores of the Nile delta. [FIGURE 5 OMITTED] During the first millennium AD, several earthquakes and floods between Alexandria and the western mouth of the Nile caused the coastline to sink into the sea along a stretch of some 30 kilometres. ThonisHeraklion, at the end of the Canopic branch of the Nile, and the neighbouring city of Kanopos-East disappeared during the 7th-8th century. The inundation of Alexandria's eastern harbour, called by the Romans Portus Magnus, occurred between the mid 4th and the early 14th centuries AD. Goddio has been assisted by a skilful team drawn from Egypt, France, Germany and elsewhere. But the vision, the will and the tenacity that have kept together the complex machinery of the enterprise are his. Now over 50, Goddio has wide experience of diving in the Pacific and the Atlantic. The results of his long underwater search presented in the Grand Palais are in many ways comparable to the rediscovery of Troy by Schliemann in the 19th century and of Tutankhamun's tomb by Lord Carnarvon and Howard Carter in the 1920s. It is true that among the underwater ruins that he has explored, Goddio has not recovered any gold and silver treasure comparable with the findings of Schliemann and Carter. As far as gold is concerned, the show includes only some coins, earrings, rings, amulets and crosses. However, the discovery under the sea after so many centuries of three ancient ports enables Goddio to take his place not only beside Schliemann and Carter but also
雅思閱讀模擬題：Suns fickle heart may leave us cold
Sun's fickle heart may leave us cold
□ 25 January 2007
□ From New Scientist Print Edition.
□ Stuart Clark
1 There's a dimmer switch inside the sun that causes its brightness to rise
and fall on timescales of around 100,000 years - exactly the same period as
between ice ages on Earth. So says a physicist who has created a computer model
of our star's core.
2 Robert Ehrlich of George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia, modelled
the effect of temperature fluctuations in the sun's interior. According to the
standard view, the temperature of the sun's core is held constant by the
opposing pressures of gravity and nuclear fusion. However, Ehrlich believed that
slight variations should be possible.
3 He took as his starting point the work of Attila Grandpierre of the
Konkoly Observatory of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. In 2005, Grandpierre
and a collaborator, Gábor ágoston, calculated that magnetic fields in the sun's
core could produce small instabilities in the solar plasma. These instabilities
would induce localised oscillations in temperature.
4 Ehrlich's model shows that whilst most of these oscillations cancel each
other out, some reinforce one another and become long-lived temperature
variations. The favoured frequencies allow the sun's core temperature to
oscillate around its average temperature of 13.6 million kelvin in cycles
lasting either 100,000 or 41,000 years. Ehrlich says that random interactions
within the sun's magnetic field could flip the fluctuations from one cycle
length to the other.
5 These two timescales are instantly recognisable to anyone familiar with
Earth's ice ages: for the past million years, ice ages have occurred roughly
every 100,000 years. Before that, they occurred roughly every 41,000 years.
6 Most scientists believe that the ice ages are the result of subtle
changes in Earth's orbit, known as the Milankovitch cycles. One such cycle
describes the way Earth's orbit gradually changes shape from a circle to a
slight ellipse and back again roughly every 100,000 years. The theory says this
alters the amount of solar radiation that Earth receives, triggering the ice
ages. However, a persistent problem with this theory has been its inability to
explain why the ice ages changed frequency a million years ago.
7 "In Milankovitch, there is certainly no good idea why the frequency
should change from one to another," says Neil Edwards, a climatologist at the
Open University in Milton Keynes, UK. Nor is the transition problem the only one
the Milankovitch theory faces. Ehrlich and other critics claim that the
temperature variations caused by Milankovitch cycles are simply not big enough
to drive ice ages.
8 However, Edwards believes the small changes in solar heating produced by
Milankovitch cycles are then amplified by feedback mechanisms on Earth. For
example, if sea ice begins to form because of a slight cooling, carbon dioxide
that would otherwise have found its way into the atmosphere as part of the
carbon cycle is locked into the ice. That weakens the greenhouse effect and
Earth grows even colder.
9 According to Edwards, there is no lack of such mechanisms. "If you add
their effects together, there is more than enough feedback to make Milankovitch
work," he says. "The problem now is identifying which mechanisms are at work."
This is why scientists like Edwards are not yet ready to give up on the current
theory. "Milankovitch cycles give us ice ages roughly when we observe them to
happen. We can calculate where we are in the cycle and compare it with
observation," he says. "I can't see any way of testing [Ehrlich's] idea to see
where we are in the temperature oscillation."
10 Ehrlich concedes this. "If there is a way to test this theory on the
sun, I can't think of one that is practical," he says. That's because variation
over 41,000 to 100,000 years is too gradual to be observed. However, there may
be a way to test it in other stars: red dwarfs. Their cores are much smaller
than that of the sun, and so Ehrlich believes that the oscillation periods could
be short enough to be observed. He has yet to calculate the precise period or
the extent of variation in brightness to be expected.
11 Nigel Weiss, a solar physicist at the University of Cambridge, is far
from convinced. He describes Ehrlich's claims as "utterly implausible". Ehrlich
counters that Weiss's opinion is based on the standard solar model, which fails
to take into account the magnetic instabilities that cause the temperature
fluctuations.
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