托福聽力推斷題型提升正確率答題思路實(shí)例講解

托福聽力中大部分題目都屬于只要能聽懂在講什么就能做對(duì)的題。今天小編給大家?guī)砹送懈Ｂ犃ν茢囝}型提升正確率答題思路實(shí)例講解，希望能夠給幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

【高分精選】托福聽力推斷題型提升正確率答題思路實(shí)例講解

托福聽力推斷題提問方式介紹

托福聽力中推斷題的常見提問方式有：

What does the professor imply about ...?

What can be inferred about...?

托福聽力推斷題出題思路講解

最常見的，就是話說一半型推斷：也就是往往原文的話不會(huì)說完，留下想(出)象(題)的空間，或者中間會(huì)缺少銜接的邏輯，需要自己推導(dǎo)。

比如說，聽力里說了兩句話：

1. 動(dòng)物都是要喝水的

2. 所以人要喝水

問：What can be inferred from 剛剛這兩句話里?

這中間其實(shí)就跨過去了一條邏輯。前后這兩句話擺在一起，其實(shí)默認(rèn)了一個(gè)邏輯：動(dòng)物要喝水——(人屬于一種動(dòng)物)——所以人要喝水。

所以答案就是：人是一種動(dòng)物。

推斷題，往往就是這個(gè)套路，接下來讓我們來看幾個(gè)難題實(shí)例。

托福聽力推斷題難題實(shí)例精講

托福官方?？继最}40 Lecture 3 Q5：

What does the professor mean when he refers to biomass carbon as "current carbon"?

A. It is the fuel source most widely approved by environmentalists today.

B. It is part of a balanced system of carbon emission and absorption.

C. It is circulated throughout the oceans by the movement of ocean water.

D. It readily combines with other carbon molecules to produce long chains.

原文是這樣的：

Biomass carbon is what we might call current carbon.It's always going in and out of the atmosphere. (第一層邏輯) So if we burn one of these fuels, we're putting its carbon into atmosphere. Right? (第二層邏輯)But in a balanced system, somewhere else in the world the same amount of carbon is going back.(第三層邏輯) It gets taken in by growing vegetation. So burning biomass fuel produces sort of not-so-bad carbon(第四層邏輯)

我們一起來分析一下，這段話里：

第一層邏輯：Biomass carbon=current carbon(先不要管這兩個(gè)專業(yè)名詞是什么意思，此處并不重要)，并且在大氣層里進(jìn)進(jìn)出出;

第二層邏輯：燃燒這些biomass的燃料，就會(huì)增加碳排放量;

第三層邏輯：但是在一個(gè)平衡的系統(tǒng)里，碳排放量會(huì)被吸收;

第四層邏輯：所以燃燒biomass產(chǎn)生的碳排放并不是很糟糕。

這幾句話重點(diǎn)在第三、四層邏輯上，也就是：本來biomass燃料是會(huì)增加碳排放量的，但是在一個(gè)平衡的系統(tǒng)里，排放出去的碳會(huì)被吸收回去，所以這么看來biomass也不是很糟糕。

所以這幾句話隱藏的一層邏輯關(guān)系是：我們默認(rèn)biomass carbon是一個(gè)balanced 系統(tǒng)(所以情況才不會(huì)那么糟糕)

所以這道題選B。

托福官方模考套題43 Lecture 1 Q2

What does the professor imply when she explains why leaves are green?

A. She wants to correct a common misconception about the topic.

B. She thinks the students are probably already familiar with the material.

C. She believes the process is too complicated to discuss in depth.

D. She knows that students are often confused about the functions of chlorophyll.

原文是這樣的：

before we discuss why leaves turn red, first, let's, urn, look, I know this is very old material, but just to play it safe, let's first go over why leaves are usually green. It's chlorophyll, right?

這段話明面上給出我們的信息：

“樹葉為啥變紅”這個(gè)問題是老生常談 ;

教授是出于保險(xiǎn)起見，現(xiàn)在要復(fù)習(xí)這個(gè)老生常談的東西。

所以我們能推斷的信息：教授默認(rèn)這是大家本應(yīng)知道的東西。

所以這道題選B。

托福聽力推斷題解題思路分析

所以一般來說，推斷題答案都會(huì)散布在文章中，不會(huì)直接提及，但一定能在文章中找到理論支撐。所以最常見的要用到因果邏輯、轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯和一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)概括能力。

所以在聽聽力原文的時(shí)候，我們要關(guān)注：教授話說了一半沒有繼續(xù)說下去的時(shí)候，尤其是有明確轉(zhuǎn)折， 但是又沒有明說轉(zhuǎn)折后面是啥的時(shí)候;或者是教授提到了兩種相互關(guān)聯(lián)的東西，卻只明確解釋了其中一方的時(shí)候。

托福聽力中“研究、實(shí)驗(yàn)”的考點(diǎn)思路怎么解

在托福聽力考試中，Lecture往往是同學(xué)們最大的痛。所謂的Lecture其實(shí)就是Professor上課內(nèi)容的一個(gè)片段——涉及的學(xué)科往往分以下四類：

藝術(shù)

自然科學(xué)

生命科學(xué)

社會(huì)科學(xué)

從這四個(gè)分類我們可以看出Lecture具有極強(qiáng)的學(xué)術(shù)性，這也是為什么學(xué)生感到頭疼的重大原因。不過，其實(shí)Lecture并沒有大家想象的那么難，Lecture的整體結(jié)構(gòu)和出題思路還是有很強(qiáng)的規(guī)律性的，今天Ted就主要和大家探討一下關(guān)于Lecture(以及部分學(xué)術(shù)類Conversation)中出現(xiàn)研究、實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容時(shí)常見的考點(diǎn)思路。

首先，我們先來看一組選自托福線上練習(xí)中涉及到研究、實(shí)驗(yàn)類的題目：

What surprising information did a recent experiment reveal about lesser spear-nosed bats?

The woman mentions a research study of milk packaging. What was thefinding of the study?

What was demonstrated by the study on perception that the professor mentions?

What does the professor say about the results of the brain research?

What is the significance of the evidence found on the ocean floor?

What did calcite deposits from Devils Hole reveal?

The professor discusses a study on the relationship between brain growth and play. What does that study conclude?

What did researchers conclude from their study of sauropods and gastroliths?

According to the professor, what were the results of Goeth's experiments with color?

What did researchers conclude after analyzing fossilized dinosaur bones found near nests?

According to the professor, what did researchers find at an archaeological site in Turkey?

What did researchers discover about the planet Gliese 581d when they reexamined it?

What did researchers observe in the study of fourteen-year-old children?

這些題目都是問到了關(guān)于Lecture中提及的experiment, research, study…

但從題干中的其他關(guān)鍵詞：reveal, demonstrate, conclude, find, discover, observe, finding, result, evidence，我們還可以總結(jié)出，這些關(guān)于研究、實(shí)驗(yàn)類的題目問的都是研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么，研究揭露、表明了什么，研究結(jié)論是什么。

所以總而言之，當(dāng)Lecture中提及研究、實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)，我們需要聽懂并記錄的常見考點(diǎn)就是——研究的結(jié)論!

例如：

Yeah, and I read a study that showed how light can give milk a funny flavor and decrease its nutritional value.

Again, studies have shown that people will fill in information that they thought they perceived even when they didn't.

Gliese 581d had actually been discovered a couple of years earlier, and when its orbit was originally calculated it was thought to be too far away from its hosts star to be warm enough to support a liquid ocean, let alone, carbon-based life. But then its orbit was recalculated, and nowwe see that Gliese 581 D is within its host’s habitable zone.

為大家羅列一些聽力中研究結(jié)論的常見信號(hào)詞：

第一步：先聽到professor提及“研究”

study，research，experiment，article，journal…

scientist，researcher，archaeologist，geologist，biologist…

科學(xué)家人名 e.g. Galileo

第二步：聽到“結(jié)論”并記錄

show，indicate，suggest，turn out…

find，discover，observe，we learnt，we see…

result，conclusion，finding，evidence…

in the end，finally，and get this…

接下來，我們?cè)賮砜戳硗庖唤M選自托福線上練習(xí)的有關(guān)研究、實(shí)驗(yàn)的題目：

The professor mentions experiments on the wind speed necessary to move rocks. What is the professor’s attitude toward the experiments?

What is the professor’s opinion about the conclusions of the recent study of the limestone formations in the Empty Quarter?

What is the professor’s opinion of a recent study of prairie dogs?

What is the professor's opinion about recent genetic studies relating to whale evolution?

The professor discusses research about the percentage of a chromosome’s DNA that contains genetic information. How did she feel about this research?

What is the professor's attitude toward the results from medical research on snake venom proteins?

What is the professor's attitude toward the study on pigeons and mirror self-recognition?

這些題目同樣都是問到了關(guān)于Lecture中提及的experiment, research, study…但從題干中的其他關(guān)鍵詞：professor’s opinion, professor’s attitude, how did she feel about… 我們還可以總結(jié)出，這些關(guān)于題目問的教授對(duì)于提及的研究的態(tài)度，且通常是對(duì)于研究結(jié)論給出的態(tài)度。

所以，這些態(tài)度的表達(dá)往往出現(xiàn)在老師提及研究，并將研究結(jié)論告知學(xué)生之后。

例如：

One team of scientists flooded an area of the desert with water, then try to establish how much wind force would be necessary to move the rocks. And get this, you need winds of at least five hundred miles an hour to move just the smallest rocks. And winds that strong have never been recorded. Ever! Not on this planet. So I think it’s safe to say that that issue’s been settled.

The DNA suggests that whales are descendants of the hippopotamus. Yes, the hippopotamus! Well, it came as a bit of a shock. I mean, that a four-legged land and river dweller could be the evolutionary source of a completely aquatic creature up to 25 times its size? Unfortunately, this revelation about the hippopotamus apparently contradicts the fossil record, which suggests that the hippopotamus is only a very distant relative of the whale, not an ancestor. And of course as I mentioned, that whales are descended not from hippos but from that distant wolf-like creatures. So we have contradictory evidence. And more research might just raise more questions and create more controversies. At any rate, we have a choice. We can believe the molecular data, the DNA, or we can believe the skeleton trail, but unfortunately, not both.

Well, not that we know of. There was a study using pigeons, where researchers attempted to reduce MSR to a matter of conditioning, that is, they claimed that the ability to recognize oneself in a mirror could be learned. So these researchers basically trained some pigeons to pass the mirror mark test. But two things are noteworthy here. One, no one’s ever replicated the study. But more importantly, it misses the point. The issue isn’t whether some behavior can be learned. It’s whether a species has developed this ability spontaneously.

常見態(tài)度信號(hào)詞

第一人稱：

I think，I believe，I mean，I hope，in my opinion…etc.

we’ll，we can，we are…etc.

轉(zhuǎn)折詞：

but，however，on the other hand…etc.

以上為Ted對(duì)Lecture中研究、實(shí)驗(yàn)相關(guān)題目出題思路的淺析，希望能夠幫助到同學(xué)們。以后在Lecture聽到professor講研究了，記得要把握兩個(gè)特別重要的信息：1. 研究結(jié)論是什么? 2. 研究后面是否出現(xiàn)了professor的態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)。

托福聽力需注意的細(xì)節(jié) 考點(diǎn)就在他們周圍

托福聽力兩個(gè)Section下來，總會(huì)有種注意力越來越散的感覺。如果能夠知道哪些地方預(yù)示著考點(diǎn)出沒，那就相當(dāng)贊啦!

1.Conversation：段落開頭提到的原因必考：problem/question。

2.段落開頭提到的本次主題必考(如Today……)，段落結(jié)尾的點(diǎn)評(píng)和總結(jié)必考。

3.段落中重復(fù)兩次的地方必考。通常為本節(jié)課的要點(diǎn)，師生各重復(fù)一次的地方必考，注意在筆記中劃雙線，重復(fù)兩次的名詞必考，一般重復(fù)的名詞是選項(xiàng)中的替換詞。

4.段落中的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型多引出分論點(diǎn)，是考點(diǎn)：

This is the first time…

One thing important is…

The most important thing…

You should remember/notice/bear inmind/keep in mind---conversation引出建議的句型。

5.針對(duì)上下文明顯的肯定或者否定的回答必考：definitely,absolutely, exactly, it’s a good question, excellent question, 注意聽好教授在這些回答之后的解釋，一定會(huì)對(duì)重要內(nèi)容作同義的重復(fù)。

6.段中主論點(diǎn)下有定義加舉例的必考(配對(duì)表格題);

羅列多個(gè)事實(shí)處必考(是非型表格題);

說明多個(gè)程序、步驟的必考(排序題)，中間的步驟一定注意：then, so, ok, well, replace, the next stage.

7.難點(diǎn)的解釋說明必考(核心概念)：小黑板，帶字的筆記本，只要出小黑板都會(huì)有停頓。

注意引導(dǎo)詞：it refers to, that is, that means, which means, This is to say, inother words, in another words, by that he meant, let me make it clear, let memake it simpler, let’s put it this way.

8.段中引用的觀點(diǎn)必考，對(duì)應(yīng)都是對(duì)分論點(diǎn)的看法：think，argue，believe,一定有小黑板，或者人物肖像。

9.形容詞和副詞最高級(jí)后面的點(diǎn)重要，themost important, biggest, 因?yàn)槭切稳葜匾攸c(diǎn)。

10.一定注意教授跑題的內(nèi)容，話題的轉(zhuǎn)移、布置作業(yè)、一會(huì)兒再談、我打算先談些什么、談一下個(gè)人的經(jīng)歷……會(huì)在語義理解上出題(細(xì)節(jié))。

11.教授對(duì)學(xué)生的警告或指令必考(重聽)：Conversation表建議，Lecture中表強(qiáng)調(diào)重點(diǎn)。

12.托福聽力出題的順序和文章順序完全一致，一定注意干擾選項(xiàng)：后面的內(nèi)容在本題中會(huì)作為干擾項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)。

13.一定注意教授的點(diǎn)評(píng)，會(huì)作為結(jié)尾的題目出現(xiàn)(whatdoes the prof think of)。

托福聽力分階段備考規(guī)劃

托福聽力準(zhǔn)備階段

1. 基礎(chǔ)詞匯和場(chǎng)景詞匯的積累

在剛開始備考托福聽力的時(shí)候，可以先從《大學(xué)六級(jí)詞匯》記憶，然后再去記憶托福紅寶書。同時(shí)可以建議背誦《詞以類記》補(bǔ)充場(chǎng)景詞匯。

托福聽力備考階段

2.1聽寫訓(xùn)練

這個(gè)方法適用于時(shí)間充足的新手。在聽寫的材料上一般可以選擇老托福，TPO以及SSS。難度是從左往右依次升級(jí)的，但在推薦程度上卻是從左往右依次降級(jí)的。

具體步驟：

step 1. 總體聽一遍材料，大概了解一下

step 2. 將文章第一句句子聽一遍，寫下來，直到把它完全寫出來，3~5遍

step 3. 根據(jù)自己的文本再聽一遍，適當(dāng)做一定的筆記，掌握整體脈絡(luò)。

一篇老托福PARTC需要一個(gè)小時(shí)，TPO全篇聽的話需要甚至2個(gè)小時(shí)。所以建議在聽寫的時(shí)候精選長(zhǎng)一些的句子。

2.2精聽訓(xùn)練

這個(gè)方法是進(jìn)階版，適合于大部分文章脈絡(luò)可以聽懂，但是在聽長(zhǎng)難句的時(shí)候依然會(huì)有部分句子漏聽或者反應(yīng)不過來

具體的步驟：

Step1.掌握文章大意，記住沒有聽懂的，聽3~5遍

Step2.一句一句的聽，不停頓，記住沒有聽懂的

Step3.以單詞為單位的聽

Step4.聽的時(shí)候看文本，然后總結(jié)聽不出來聽不懂的單詞，句子，搭配

這個(gè)方法短而有效，而且對(duì)于聽力段子的整體結(jié)構(gòu)，從大意到句子再到單詞都有一個(gè)比較好的理解。

2.3 結(jié)構(gòu)法

當(dāng)我們能大致理解文章大意的時(shí)候我們就要開始采取結(jié)構(gòu)聽力法掌握出題點(diǎn)。教授講課的內(nèi)容都有層次的。lecture只需要掌握結(jié)構(gòu)。在聽lecture時(shí)，首先要學(xué)會(huì)抓教授在什么地方分點(diǎn)。在 lecture 中，在轉(zhuǎn)折、強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞和句子處尋找結(jié)構(gòu)劃分點(diǎn)。再利用結(jié)構(gòu)筆記，。建議學(xué)生每次做完題目，去分析講座的結(jié)構(gòu)，每一個(gè)學(xué)科文章的共通性。

2.4 背景知識(shí)法

這個(gè)方法適合一些學(xué)生在備考時(shí)候遇到的一個(gè)問題：字面意思上明白，學(xué)術(shù)層面上不理解。這個(gè)時(shí)候就需要備考者們?nèi)パa(bǔ)充背景知識(shí)。

推薦的材料有：TED，國(guó)際地理雜志

2.5加速練習(xí)法

這個(gè)針對(duì)平時(shí)基礎(chǔ)已近有23分以上的學(xué)生。在練習(xí)中可以將速度調(diào)制1.2，適應(yīng)語速以后可以開始記筆記，一開始正確率可能會(huì)因語速所影響。練習(xí)一段時(shí)間以后再回到1.0速度，保證正確率要高于加速聽的正確率，練習(xí)幾天以后當(dāng)正確率慢慢開始提高可提速到1.5來練習(xí)。