GRE填空如何快速推理答案

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GRE填空如何快速推理答案

新GRE填空題目,一般是信息量充足型的(相對來說,閱讀是信息量過剩型的,而類反是信息量缺乏型的,而數(shù)學(xué)是信息量不對稱型的),GRE考試題目作者挖掉的空和他留下的詞匯實際上就體現(xiàn)了他的思路,他挖掉的空,是體現(xiàn)出他想考察的點,留下的詞匯和這些詞匯組成的一個邏輯的和語意的線索,體現(xiàn)了他的思維過程,(當然,有的時候線索也可能留在選項中)出題人認為通過他留下的線索,我們是一定能推出空格的答案的。我們就是要把他的這種思維定勢揣摩出來。這樣說來,句子填空更向是破解密碼,我們現(xiàn)在能做的,就是充分了解密碼的編碼和解碼規(guī)則,然后等到遇見密碼的時候根據(jù)這些規(guī)則把這些密碼破譯出來。我們現(xiàn)在要找的,就是這個編碼解碼規(guī)則。

舉個例子:

原題:

Because medieval women's public participation in spiritual life was not welcomed by the male establishment, a compensating religious writings, inoffensive to the members of the establishment because of its, became important for many women.

A) involvement with... privacy

B) attention to... popularity

C) familiarity with... scarcity

D) dissatisfaction with... profundity

E) resistance to... domesticity

我們先把這個句子剝離一下。

主干:

a ... religious writings became important for many women.

實際上說的很簡單,但是,只看著一句暫時分析不出選出什么。于是作者開始添加其他句子成分,來給出線索。Because提示原因,public participation不被welcome,那么,一個compensating 的participation就應(yīng)該很重要。作者提供了一個因果關(guān)系,線索直接指向第一個空格。后者必然是前者的原因,而且第一個空逗號后面是participation的同位語也就是同義的,我們就找一個participation的近義詞。許多時候,像本題一樣,這個句子中給出了充分多的解題線索,我們可以唯一的找到了A選項。

這里我們看出來,這個題目代表了ETS出題的一個常見思維定勢,除去主干之外的其他部分,全部是為主干提供限定解釋的,所以這些限定解釋,就提供了主干中間空格的線索,同時,其他地方的空格,也可以由相關(guān)的成分提供的線索解決掉。我們馬上能夠看出來,所有的空格,出題人都在千方百計的給我們提供線索,有的時候可能還會提供冗余信息給我們。我們所要做的,就是找到這些出題人在這些原來的句子上人為加上的線索,來破解出題人的意圖。

GRE填空如何找出重點

在新GRE填空部分考試答題中,確定句子的關(guān)系是找出重要信息的關(guān)鍵,對于任何一個GRE填空,我們都要先搞清句子的結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系。對立關(guān)系的句子在GRE句子填空中出現(xiàn)頻率很高,這類題的解題思路也相對容易一些,主要是取反義詞的解法。

對立關(guān)系的句子是指原句中有一些標志性的詞語,一旦確定了是屬對立關(guān)系,那么句子的邏輯關(guān)系就有了轉(zhuǎn)折,能夠很容易地知道所填空格處一定與原句中的某個詞語是相反的關(guān)系。所以,判斷出句子是對立關(guān)系后,找出原句中的關(guān)鍵詞語成為解題的突破口。對立關(guān)系的句子很多,凡是出現(xiàn)but, yet, however, nevertheless, although, (even) though, while, whereas, notwithstanding, despite, in spite of, in contrast (to), on the contrary, on the other hand, whatever, otherwise, ironically, paradoxically, curiously, surprisingly 等帶有轉(zhuǎn)折逆轉(zhuǎn)含義的題目,則代入空格的正確選項必與中心線索構(gòu)成語義對立的反義詞關(guān)系。

In spite of the increasing _______ of their opinions, the group knew they had to arrive at a consensus so that the award could be presented.

A. impartiality

B. consistency

C. judiciousness

D. incisiveness

E. polarity

首先,先要弄清選項中單詞的意思。

A impartiality, “不偏不倚, 公正, 公平”

B consistency “一致性, 連貫性”

C judiciousness “明智”

D incisiveness “深刻,激烈”

E polarity “極端”

其次,我們知道句子中出現(xiàn)了in spite of,這就表明GRE句子填空空格處所填的應(yīng)該與后半句話中的一個信息詞語意思相反。那么,我們要先把后半句話的意思弄明白了,the group knew they had to arrive at a consensus so that the award could be presented 即“這個團體知道他們不得不達成一致意見以便作出決定”。強調(diào)的是意見的一致這也正與前半句中的their opinions相對應(yīng)。所以,空格處就應(yīng)該與arrive at a consensus的意思相反。根據(jù)選項中單詞的意思,只有E選項最符合題意。正確選項是E。

翻譯:“盡管他們觀念的不斷分化,這個團體知道他們不得不達成一致意見以便作出決定?!?/p>

Though his contemporaries tended to fixate on the politician's supposed _______,his personal correspondence _______ a surprising largesse.

A. Charity. . Confirms

B. Parsimony. . Contradicts

C. Avarice. . Betrays

D. Integrity. . Reveals

E. Generosity. . Bespeaks

關(guān)鍵詞though, largesse.

Though 表示轉(zhuǎn)折,largesse的意思是 “慷慨”,那就說明第一個空應(yīng)該與largesse是相反的意思,這樣就先排除了ADE三個選項。而第二個空應(yīng)該填一個有“揭示”意思的詞,所以,betray比較合適,所以,正確答案應(yīng)選C.

翻譯:“盡管時人傾向于這個政客被假想的貪財,他的個人通信揭示了他令人吃驚的慷慨。”

GRE填空的隱含信息

★ 在GRE verbal每個section的38道題當中,填空題占了7道題。和中國學(xué)生感覺頭疼的閱讀部分比起來,填空是一個相對容易在短時間內(nèi)提高成績的部分。對于只想考個合格的分數(shù)的學(xué)生來說,做對5道題就可以了。

★ 每個section的正確率想要穩(wěn)定在五個左右,詞匯是基礎(chǔ),記住GRE詞匯書上的百分之八、九十的詞匯之前,談?wù)_率是沒有意義的。

★ 解題技巧多少有些幫助,但不能指望閱讀能力奇差的人單憑前人總結(jié)的經(jīng)驗技巧就能考到一個夠用的分數(shù)。

★ 如果想要每個section的正確率總是穩(wěn)定在六個以上,那需要你的實力(這需要很好的閱讀理解能力和清晰的邏輯頭腦)而不是什么技巧。考個夠用的分數(shù)還有些技巧,考高分一般說來是沒什么技巧的。

★ GRE填空題是GRE general test的一部分。general test是對所有不同專業(yè)的學(xué)生進行的考試,所以為了公平起見,解題點上不能涉及任何背景知識(盡管在句子內(nèi)容上涉及了大量唬人的背景知識)。因為GRE 填空屬于語文考試,所以不管填空句的內(nèi)容涉及到的是什么,在考試中你需要的僅僅是語文知識而已。

★ 先大致地分析推理,猜出應(yīng)該填什么詞(或僅僅猜出應(yīng)該填什么樣的詞)之后再看選項,不要直接把選項帶入讀。這樣做通常能夠躲掉干擾選項的誤導(dǎo)。因為大部分的干擾選項具有這樣的特征:你看到它之前很難想到它,但是一旦你看到它,就覺得它好像也很對。

★ 先讀句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是良好的解題習(xí)慣(雖然解題并不一定要讀出句子的主干)

就這幾招:

1.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞匯來判斷語言上的基本邏輯關(guān)系

因果、(because, in that, for, therefore, thus, accordingly, consequently, given, hence, so…that, so...as to, if…then, when...then, as long as……)轉(zhuǎn)折、(albeit, although, though, but, despite, even though, however, in spite of, nevertheless, nonetheless, notwithstanding, while, whatever, regardless, even if, even though, yet, and yet……)遞進、(even, indeed………)對比、(in contrast, on the contrary, far from, on the other hand, rather than, instead of, not…but, paradoxically, ironically, surprisingly, unexpectedly, curiously……)等等。

2.尋找句子中的重復(fù)關(guān)系

作為研究生院入學(xué)的參考考試,也許是為了體現(xiàn)內(nèi)容有深度,很多句子涉及到了各個學(xué)科的背景知識。同時基于對所有學(xué)科學(xué)生都要公平的原則,所有的題目在解題點上都不涉及背景知識。為了做到這一點,很多時候ETS都是把答案放到句子中,然后用語言上的線索提示你去把它找出來。以下是提供重復(fù)線索的幾種常見形式:

(1) 簡單的直接重復(fù)

The eradication of pollution is not merely a matter of ___, though the majestic beauty of nature is indeed an important consideration.

A. economics B. legislation C. cleanliness D. aesthetics E. restoration

盡管大自然的美確實很重要,但污染的消除不僅是什么問題,當然不僅是美的問題。

Comparatively few rock musicians are willing to laugh at themselves, although a hint of----can boost sales of video clips very nicely.

A. self-deprecation B. congeniality C. cynicism D. embarrassment E. self-doubt

搖滾樂手很少自嘲,盡管什么東西能促進錄像短片的銷售,當然就填自嘲。

Melodramas, which presented stark oppositions between innocence and criminality, virtue and corruption, good and evil, were popular precisely because they offered the audience a world ___of___.

A. bereft.. theatricality B. composed.. adversity C. full.. circumstantiality D. deprived.. polarity

E. devoid.. neutrality

Melodramas這個詞不認識也沒關(guān)系,既然它表現(xiàn)的是無辜與罪行、道德與墮落、善與惡之間的刻板對立,那么它提供給觀眾什么樣的世界呢?當然是刻板對立的世界,只有E選項符合要求。

(2) 解釋型重復(fù)

The Muses are___deities: they avenge themselves without mercy on those who weary of their charms.

A. rueful B. ingenuous C. solicitous D. vindictive E. dispassionate

冒號后面的內(nèi)容就是正確選項D這個詞的釋義,所以不知道繆斯是什么東西也能輕松選對。

Unenlightened authoritarian managers rarely recognize a crucial reason for the low levels of serious conflict among members of democratically run work groups: a modicum of tolerance for dissent often prevents___.

A. demur B. schism C. cooperation D. compliance E. shortsightedness

冒號后面的內(nèi)容解釋了民主方式運作的工作團體中為何少有嚴重的沖突,所以即使看不懂a(chǎn) modicum of

tolerance for dissent是什么東西,也應(yīng)該知道這個東西避免了嚴重沖突,故選B。

(3) 根據(jù)語法結(jié)構(gòu)推斷重復(fù):

The valedictory address, as it has developed in American colleges and universities over the years, has become a very strict form, a literary ___ that permits very little ___.

A. text.. clarity B. work.. tradition C. genre.. deviation

D. oration.. grandiloquence E. achievement.. rigidity

a literary ___ that permits very little ___. 是前面的a very strict form的同位語,所以第一空格填form的同義或近義詞,that permits very little___. 這個從句完成后應(yīng)為strict的同義或近義詞。

Many more eighteenth-century novels were written by women than by men, but this dominance has, until very

recently, been regarded merely as ___ fact, a bit of arcane knowledge noted only by bibliographers.

A. a controversial B. a statistical C. an analytical D. an explicit E. an unimpeachable

這道題同樣,a bit of arcane knowledge noted only by bibliographers.是前面的___ fact的同義重復(fù),所以空格應(yīng)填入文獻學(xué)家關(guān)注的事實,已知的五個選項里顯然只有B選項的statistical(統(tǒng)計的)是文獻學(xué)家的份內(nèi)工作。

(4) 憑借具有指示作用的形容詞或代詞來尋找重復(fù)

Longdale and Stern discovered that mitochondria and chloroplasts ___ a long, identifiable sequence of DNA; such a coincidence could be ___ only by the transfer of DNA between the two systems.

A. manufacture.. accomplished B. reveal.. repeated C. exhibit.. determined

D. share.. explained E. maintain.. contradicted

下半句的such a coincidence說明第一空格的動詞填入后應(yīng)體現(xiàn)為是一種巧合,兩個看不懂是什么的、只知道是不一樣的東西(非相關(guān)專業(yè)的絕大部分學(xué)生是不太可能認識mitochondria和chloroplasts這兩個詞的)怎樣了一個長的、可以認為是一模一樣的DNA序列就是一個巧合呢?當然只有D的 share表示了這個意思。

Laws do not ensure social order since laws can always be ___ , which makes them ___ unless the authorities have the will and the power to detect and punish wrongdoing.

A. contested.. provisional B. circumvented.. antiquated C. repealed.. vulnerable

D. violated.. ineffective E. modified.. unstable

Which指代逗號前面的那句話,也就是“法律不保障社會秩序”,這就使得法律怎樣呢?當然只有D選項的ineffective符合句意。

3. 對于含義晦澀的句子,判斷語氣或感情色彩是有效地解決方法,有時候甚至是唯一的方法。

Johnson never ___ to ignore the standards of decent conduct mandated by company policy if ___ compliance with instructions from his superiors enabled him to do so, whatever the effects on his subordinates.

A. deigned.. tacit B. attempted.. halfhearted C. intended.. direct

D. scrupled.. literal E. wished.. feigned

這句話對于英語閱讀能力較差的學(xué)生來說,通過正常的閱讀理解來做還是有些難度的。但是如果注意到whatever the effects on his subordinates(無論對下級產(chǎn)生什么影響)的語氣,就可以判斷第一空格填入后應(yīng)表示johnson干的不是什么好事,唯一符合這一判斷的是D選項。

Ironically, the party leaders encountered no greater ___ their efforts to build a progressive party than the ___ of the progressives already elected to the legislature.

A. support for.. advocacy B. threat to.. promise C. benefit from.. success

D. obstacle to.. resistance E. praise for.. reputation

如果知道encounter的正確用法,就可以判斷第一空格應(yīng)填入一個負面色彩的詞,這樣就輕松排除了A、C、E三個選項,結(jié)合后面的意思來看,只能選D。

Although ___ is usually thought to spring from regret for having done something wrong, it may be that its origin

is the realization that one's own nature is irremediably ___.

A. contrition.. resilient B. certitude.. confident C.skepticism.. innocent

D. remorse.. flawed E. resignation. frivolous

第二空格被副詞irremediably(不可救藥地)修飾,根據(jù)這個詞帶出的語氣可以判斷第二空格應(yīng)填入一個負面色彩的詞,符合這一判斷的只有D、 E兩個選項。第一空格remorse的意思完全地對應(yīng)“regret for having done something wrong”,故選D。

Any language is a conspiracy against experience in the sense that it is a collective attempt to ___ experience by reducing it into discrete parcels.

A. extrapolate B. transcribe C. complicate D. amplify E. manage

這句話如果沒有看過相關(guān)背景的書籍幾乎是不可理解的,但是我們可以通過語氣和感情色彩的判斷來排除錯誤的選項,最終剩下一個看不出錯的選項,也就是正確選項了。因為語言是對抗經(jīng)驗的陰謀(conspiracy against),所以空格應(yīng)填入一個負面色彩的動作,只有C選項(使復(fù)雜化、使變得麻煩)和E選項(manage除了中性的經(jīng)營管理之外,還可以表示負面的操縱控制)符合這一判斷。結(jié)合方式狀語by reducing(減少、分解、簡化)來看,C選項應(yīng)被排除,最后剩下仍然看不懂句意的E選項就對了。

4.推理判斷時注意避免發(fā)散思維

Natural selection tends to eliminate genes that cause inherited diseases, acting most strongly against the most severe diseases; consequently, hereditary diseases that are ___ would be expected to be very ___, but, surprisingly, they are not.

A. lethal.. rare B. untreated.. dangerous C. unusual.. refractory

D. new.. perplexing E. widespread.. acute

根據(jù)consequently提示的上下因果關(guān)系我們可以判斷第一空格應(yīng)填入severe的同義或反義,表示嚴重或不嚴重的詞只有A選項。B選項表示未曾治療的,D不用說了。C、E兩個選項其實和是否嚴重沒有關(guān)系,很多時候干擾選項的設(shè)置上利用了我們的習(xí)慣思維不縝密的、容易想當然的弱點。很多人會認為不尋常的、很少見的疾病就是嚴重的,尋常的、隨處可見的疾病就是不嚴重的。但是只要稍微想一下就知道這里面沒有任何必然的關(guān)系。

Although ___, almost self-effacing in his private life, he displays in his plays and essays a strong ___ publicity and controversy.

A. conventional.. interest in B. monotonous.. reliance on C. shy.. aversion toward

D. retiring.. penchant for E. evasive.. impatience with

第二空格根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系顯然只能選A、D兩個選項,第一空格會有很多人覺得A選項可以選,因為覺得傳統(tǒng)的人就是不喜歡拋頭露面的,不喜歡與人爭吵的。同樣只要想想就該知道這里面沒有任何必然的關(guān)系,并且即便我們中國傳統(tǒng)的人真是這樣,這里也沒說他是中國人。這種干擾選項的設(shè)置路數(shù)和上一道題的感覺是完全一樣的。

Considering how long she had yearned to see Italy, her first reaction was curiously ___.

A. meditative B. tepid C. categorical D. unoriginal E. insightful

干擾選項的設(shè)置和上兩道題完全一樣,A選項的沉思冥想并不表示她所應(yīng)具有的高興振奮的態(tài)度的相反,正確選項應(yīng)為B選項(微溫的,缺乏熱情或激情的),直接表明了與興奮激動的態(tài)度的相反特征。

5.ETS總是傾向于把詞義的對應(yīng)上最為直接的、形同廢話的選項設(shè)為正確選項

The hierarchy of medical occupations is in many ways a ___ system; its strata remain ___ and the practitioners in them have very little vertical mobility.

A. health.. skilled B. delivery.. basic C. regimental.. flexible

D. training.. inferior E. caste.. intact

醫(yī)療職業(yè)的等級(hierarchy)在許多方面是一個等級體系(caste system)

The natural balance between prey and predator has been increasingly ___, most frequently by human intervention.

A. celebrated B. predicted C. observed D. disturbed E. questioned

被掠食者和掠食者之間的自然平衡被人類的干擾(intervention)干擾(disturbed)了

Poe's ___ reviews of contemporary fiction, which often find great merit in otherwise ___ literary gems, must make us respect his critical judgment in addition to his well-known literary talent.

A. thorough.. completed B. petulant.. unpopular C. insightful.. unappreciated

D. enthusiastic.. acclaimed E. harsh.. undeserving

愛倫坡有判斷力的(insightful)現(xiàn)代小說評論使得我們佩服他的判斷力(critical judgment)

Aptly enough, this work so imbued with the notion of changing times and styles has been constantly ___ over the years, thereby reflecting its own mutability.

A.appreciated B. emulated C. criticized D. revised E. reprinted

十分恰當?shù)氖?,這部充滿了變遷(changing)的時代、變遷的風(fēng)格的作品多年以來一直被改變(revise),從而反映了它自身的可變性(mutability)

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