托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句分析

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托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句1

The people of the Netherlands, with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping, had difficulty in developing good harbors suitable for steamships:eventually they did so at Rotterdam and Amsterdam, with exceptional results for transit trade with Germany and central Europe and for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and raw materials (sugar, tobacco, chocolate, grain, andeventually oil). (TPO18, 59)

mercantile /'m??k(?)nta?l/ adj. 貿(mào)易的，商業(yè)的

exceptional /?k's?p??nl/ adj. 異常的，杰出的，突出的

我是分界線，大家先一遍速讀看是否理解

The people of the Netherlands, (with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping),had difficulty (in developing good harbors suitable for steamships): eventually they did so at Rotterdam and Amsterdam, (with exceptional results) (for transit trade with Germanyand central Europe) and (for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and rawmaterials) (sugar,tobacco, chocolate, grain, and eventually oil). (TPO18, 59)

托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句100句分析：

修飾一：(with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping) ，介詞短語(yǔ)，修飾The people of the Netherlands

中文：有著長(zhǎng)期漁業(yè)和商業(yè)海運(yùn)傳統(tǒng)

修飾二：(in developing good harbors suitable for steamships) ，介詞短語(yǔ)

中文：在發(fā)展適合蒸汽船的好港口

修飾三：(with exceptional results) ，介詞短語(yǔ)

中文：有杰出的成果

修飾四：(for transit trade with Germany and central Europe) ，介詞短語(yǔ)

中文：因?yàn)楹偷聡?guó)以及中歐的貿(mào)易

修飾五：(for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and raw materials) ，介詞短語(yǔ)

中文：加工海洋產(chǎn)品以及原材料

托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句100句參考翻譯：

有著長(zhǎng)期漁業(yè)和商業(yè)海運(yùn)傳統(tǒng)的荷蘭人，在發(fā)展適合蒸汽船的好港口上有困難：最后他們?cè)赗otterdam and Amsterdam這樣做了，并因?yàn)楹蜌W洲以及中歐的貿(mào)易以及加工海洋產(chǎn)品以及原材料(如糖、煙草、巧克力、谷物以及油)，從而取得了杰出的成果。

托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句2

According to conventional theory, yawning takes place when people are bored or sleepy and serves the function of increasing alertness by reversing, through deeper breathing, the drop in blood oxygen levels that are caused by the shallow breathing that accompanies lack of sleep or boredom.(TPO18, 45)

conventional /k?n'v?n??nl/ adj. 傳統(tǒng)的;老套的，千篇一律的;約定的

alertness /?'l?:tnis/ n. 警戒，機(jī)敏

reverse /r?'v??s/ v. 使(某物)反轉(zhuǎn); 將(某物)翻轉(zhuǎn);轉(zhuǎn)變

我是分界線，大家先一遍速讀看是否理解

(According to conventional theory), yawning takes place (when people are bored or sleepy)and serves the function (of increasing alertness) (by reversing, through deeper breathing, the drop in blood oxygen levels) (that are caused by the shallow breathing) (that accompanies lack of sleep or boredom).(TPO18, 45)

托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句100句分析：

這個(gè)句子的主干就是：

yawning takes place and serves the function

修飾一：(According to conventional theory)，介詞短語(yǔ)

中文：根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)理論

修飾二：(when people are bored or sleepy)，從句

中文：當(dāng)人們感到厭煩或困倦時(shí)

修飾三：(of increasing alertness)，介詞短語(yǔ)

中文：增強(qiáng)警覺(jué)

修飾四：(through deeper breathing)，插入語(yǔ)

中文：通過(guò)深呼吸

修飾五：(by reversing, through deeper breathing, the drop inblood oxygen levels)，介詞短語(yǔ)，注意這里修飾四的插入語(yǔ)隔開(kāi)了，斷句別出錯(cuò)

中文：通過(guò)淺呼吸逆轉(zhuǎn)血液中氧含量的下降

修飾六：(that are caused by the shallow breathing)，從句，修飾the drop in blood oxygen levels

中文：是通過(guò)淺呼吸導(dǎo)致的

修飾七：(that accompanies lack of sleep or boredom)，從句修飾，theshallow breathing

中文：伴隨著缺乏睡眠或厭煩

托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句100句參考翻譯：

根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)理論，打哈欠會(huì)在當(dāng)人們感到厭煩或困倦時(shí)發(fā)生，并且打哈欠通過(guò)深呼吸逆轉(zhuǎn)血液中氧含量的下降(這種下降是由伴隨著缺乏睡眠或厭煩的淺呼吸造成的)起到提升警覺(jué)的作用。

這個(gè)句子的主要修飾成分就是從句、介詞短語(yǔ)和插入語(yǔ)，大家務(wù)必想清楚，每一個(gè)修飾成分修飾的是什么，才能看清楚這個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。

托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句3

The key factor in the success of these countries ( along with high literacy, which contributed to it ) was their ability to adapt to the international division of labor determined by the early industrializers and to stake out areas of specialization in international markets for which they were especially well suited. (TPO18, 50)

我是分界線，大家先一遍速讀看是否理解

The key factor ( in the success of these countries) ( alongwith high literacy, which contributed to it) was their ability ( to adapt to the international division of labor) (determined by the early industrializers) and (to stake out areas of specialization in international markets) (for which they were especially well suited.)(TPO18, 50)

托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句100句分析：

這個(gè)句子的主干就是：

The key factor was their ability

后面兩個(gè)不定式的并列：

(to adapt to the international division of labor determined by the early industrializers)

and

(to stake out areas of specialization ininternational markets for which they were especially well suited. )

修飾一：(in the success of these countries) ，介詞短語(yǔ)，修飾the key factor

中文：在這些國(guó)家的成功中

修飾二：(along with high literacy, which contributed to it) ，介詞短語(yǔ)，修飾these countries

中文：擁有促進(jìn)他們成功的高文化水平

修飾三：(to adapt to the international division of labor) ，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，修飾ability

中文：適應(yīng)國(guó)際勞動(dòng)分工

修飾四：(determined by the early industrializers)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，修飾the international division of labor

中文：早期工業(yè)化國(guó)家決定的

修飾五：(to stake out areas of specialization in international markets) ，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，修飾ability

中文：領(lǐng)他們特別合適的國(guó)際市場(chǎng)中的專門領(lǐng)域

修飾六：(for which they were especiallywell suited.)，從句，修飾markets

中文：他們特別適合的

托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句100句參考翻譯：

這些國(guó)家(擁有促進(jìn)他們成功的高文化水平)成功的關(guān)鍵因素是他們有適應(yīng)早期工業(yè)化國(guó)家決定的國(guó)際勞動(dòng)分工的能力，以及占領(lǐng)他們特別合適的國(guó)際市場(chǎng)中的專門領(lǐng)域的能力。

這個(gè)句子的主要修飾成分就是從句、介詞短語(yǔ)以及從句，大家務(wù)必想清楚，每一個(gè)修飾成分修飾的是什么，才能看清楚這個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。

托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句4

今天我們來(lái)看這樣一個(gè)句子：

The fact that some societies domesticated animals and plants, discovered the use of metal tools, became literate, and developed a state should not make us forget that others developed pastoralism or horticulture (vegetable gardening) but remained illiterate and at low levels of productivity; a few entered the modern period as hunting and gathering societies. (TPO21, 54)

domesticate /d?'mest?ke?t/ v. 馴養(yǎng)(動(dòng)物)

literate /'l?t?r?t/ adj. 有讀寫能力的;有文化的

pastoralism /'p?st?r?l?z?m/ n. 田園主義(風(fēng)格)，畜牧主義

horticulture /'h??t?,k?lt??/ n. 園藝，園藝學(xué)

大家自己先讀，不回讀，看一遍是否能理解

The fact (that some societies domesticated animals and plants, discovered the use of metal tools, became literate, and developed a state) should not make us forget (that others developed pastoralism or horticulture (vegetable gardening) but remained illiterate and at low levels of productivity); a few entered the modern period (as hunting and gathering societies.) (TPO21, 54)

托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句100句分析：

這個(gè)句子的主干就是：

The fact should not makeus forget

修飾一：that others developed pastoralism or horticulture (vegetable gardening) but remained illiterate and at low levels of productivity，從句

從句中還有一個(gè)A but B結(jié)構(gòu)，要注意

中文：其它社會(huì)雖然發(fā)展了畜牧或園藝(蔬菜園藝)，但依然沒(méi)有文化并且生產(chǎn)力低下

修飾二：(that some societies domesticate danimals and plants, discovered the use of metal tools, became literate, and developed a state) ，從句，修飾fact。

這個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句很長(zhǎng)，其中一個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)：A, B, C, and D，這個(gè)從句把這個(gè)句子的主謂隔開(kāi)了，大家注意斷句

中文：一些社會(huì)馴養(yǎng)動(dòng)植物、發(fā)現(xiàn)金屬工具的用處、變得有文化以及發(fā)展出了一個(gè)國(guó)家

修飾三：(as hunting and gathering societies.)，介詞短語(yǔ)

中文：以狩獵和采集的社會(huì)

托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句100句參考翻譯：

一些社會(huì)馴養(yǎng)動(dòng)植物、發(fā)現(xiàn)金屬工具的用處、變得有文化以及發(fā)展出了一個(gè)國(guó)家，這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)不應(yīng)該使我們忘記：其它社會(huì)雖然發(fā)展了畜牧或園藝(蔬菜園藝)，但依然沒(méi)有文化并且生產(chǎn)力低下;少數(shù)以狩獵和采集的社會(huì)進(jìn)入了現(xiàn)代時(shí)期。

這個(gè)句子的主要修飾成分就是介詞短語(yǔ)和從句，大家務(wù)必想清楚，每一個(gè)修飾成分修飾的是什么，才能看清楚這個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。

托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句5

今天我們來(lái)看這樣一個(gè)句子：

It is archaeologist Steven Mithen's thesis, brilliantly developed in his book The Prehistory of the Mind (1996), that approximately 40,000 years ago the human mind developed cognitive fluidity, that is, the integration of the specializations of the mind: technical, natural history (geared to understanding the behavior and distribution of natural resources), social intelligence, and the linguistic capacity. (TPO21, 57)

archaeologist /?ɑ:ki'?l?d?ist/ n. 考古學(xué)家

cognitive /?k?ɡnitiv/ adj. 認(rèn)知的

fluidity /flu:'id?ti/ n. 流動(dòng)性

integration /?nt?'gre??(?)n/ n. 整合，熔合

gear /g??/ v. 調(diào)整，適用于

大家自己先讀，不回讀，看一遍是否能理解

It is archaeologist Steven Mithen's thesis, (brilliantly developed in his book The Prehistory of the Mind (1996)), (that approximately 40,000 years ago the human mind developed cognitive fluidity), (that is), (the integration of the specializations of the mind: technical, natural history (geared to understanding the behavior and distribution of natural resources), social intelligence, and the linguistic capacity. )(TPO21, 57)

托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句100句分析：

這個(gè)句子的主干就是It is archaeologist Steven Mithen's thesis+后面的同位語(yǔ)從句，斷句要注意，中間被非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 (brilliantly developed in his book The Prehistory of the Mind (1996))隔開(kāi)了

修飾一：(brilliantly developed in his bookThe Prehistory of the Mind (1996)) ，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，修飾thesis

中文：在他的書(shū)《The Prehistory of the Mind》(1996)中完美形成

修飾二：(that approximately 40,000 years ago the human mind developed cognitive fluidity) ，從句，解釋thesis

中文：大約四萬(wàn)年前，人的思維形成了認(rèn)知流動(dòng)性

修飾三：(that is) ，插入語(yǔ)

中文：那就是

修飾四：(the integration of the specializations of the mind: technical, natural history (geared to understanding the behavior and distribution of natural resources), social intelligence, and the linguistic capacity. ) ，同位語(yǔ)，解釋cognitive fluidity。

其中還有一個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(geared to understanding the behavior and distribution of natural resources)，修飾history

中文：即思想專業(yè)化的融合：技術(shù)、自然歷史(用于去理解自然資源的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)和分配)、社會(huì)智力以及語(yǔ)言能力。

托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句100句參考翻譯：

考古學(xué)家Steven Mithen的命題——這在他的書(shū)《The Prehistory of the Mind》(1996)中完美形成——認(rèn)為：大約四萬(wàn)年前，人的思維形成了認(rèn)知流動(dòng)性，即思想專業(yè)化的融合：技術(shù)、自然歷史(用于去理解自然資源的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)和分配)、社會(huì)智力以及語(yǔ)言能力。

這個(gè)句子的主要修飾成分就是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、從句，插入語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)，大家務(wù)必想清楚，每一個(gè)修飾成分修飾的是什么，才能看清楚這個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。

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