TOEFL托福閱讀長難句分析整合

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托福閱讀長難句1

The Peisistratids, as the succession of tyrants were called (after the founder of the dynasty, Peisistratos), strengthened Athenian central administration at the expense of the aristocracy by appointing judges throughout the region, producing Athens' first national coinage, and adding and embellishing festivals that tended to focus attention on Athens rather than on local villages of the surrounding region. (TPO40, 58)

tyrant /'ta?r?nt/ n. 專制君主，暴君

aristocracy /??r?'st?kr?s?/ n. 貴族階級，貴族

coinage /'k??n?d?/ n. 鑄造硬幣;貨幣制度

embellish /?m'bel??/ v. 美化﹑裝飾或修飾某物;渲染

大家自己先讀，不回讀，看一遍是否能理解

The Peisistratids, (as the succession of tyrants were called (after the founder of the dynasty,Peisistratos)), strengthened Athenian central administration (at the expense of the aristocracy)( by appointing judges throughout the region, producing Athens' first national coinage, and adding and embellishing festivals)(that tended to focus attention on Athens rather than on local villages of the surrounding region). (TPO40,58)

托福閱讀長難句100句分析：

這個句子的主干：

The Peisistratids strengthened Athenian central administration

修飾一：(as the succession of tyrants were called (after the founder of the dynasty,Peisistratos))，從句

中文：我們稱之為暴君的繼承者(在王朝創(chuàng)始人Peisistrato之后)

修飾二：(at the expense of the aristocracy)，介詞短語

中文：以犧牲貴族為代價

修飾三：(by appointing judges throughout the region, producing Athens' first national coinage, and adding and embellishing festivals)，介詞短語，注意里面有三個v-ing的并列：

appointing judges throughout the region, producing Athens' first national coinage, and adding and embellishing festivals

中文：通過在這個地區(qū)任命法官、創(chuàng)建雅典第一套國家貨幣制度并且增加和裝飾關(guān)注雅典而不是周邊地區(qū)當(dāng)?shù)卮迩f的節(jié)日

修飾四：(that tended to focus attention on Athens rather than on local villages of the surrounding region)，從句，修飾festivals

中文：總是關(guān)注雅典而不是周邊地區(qū)當(dāng)?shù)氐拇迩f

托福閱讀長難句100句參考翻譯：

Peisistratids——我們稱之為暴君的繼承者(在王朝創(chuàng)始人Peisistrato之后)——通過在這個地區(qū)任命法官、創(chuàng)建雅典第一套國家貨幣制度并且增加和裝飾關(guān)注雅典而不是周邊地區(qū)當(dāng)?shù)卮迩f的節(jié)日，以犧牲貴族的權(quán)利為代價，加強(qiáng)了雅典中央政府管理。

這個句子的主要修飾成分就是從句和介詞短語，大家務(wù)必想清楚，每一個修飾成分修飾的是什么，才能看清楚這個句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。

托福閱讀長難句2

Cleisthenes' principal contribution to the creation of democracy at Athens was to complete the long process of weakening family and clan structures, especially among the aristocrats, and to set in their place locality-based corporations called demes, which became the point of entry for all civic and most religious life in Athens. (TPO40, 51)

democracy /d?'m?kr?s?/ n. 民主，民主政治，民主制度

clan /kl?n/ n. 宗族，家族;集團(tuán)，幫會

aristocrat /'?r?st?kr?t/ n. 貴族

civic /'s?v?k/ adj. 城市的;市民的，公民的

大家自己先讀，不回讀，看一遍是否能理解

Cleisthenes' principal contribution (to the creation of democracy at Athens) was (to complete the long process of weakening family and clan structures), (especially among the aristocrats), and (to set in their place locality-based corporations called demes), (which became the point of entry for all civic and most religious life in Athens. ) (TPO40, 51)

托福閱讀長難句100句分析：

這個句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是：

Cleisthenes' principal contribution was 非謂語 and 非謂語

第一個非謂語：(to complete the long process of weakening family and clan structures)

第二個非謂語：(to set in their place locality-based corporations called demes)

修飾一：(to the creation of democracy at Athens)，介詞短語

中文：在雅典創(chuàng)造民主

修飾二：(to complete the long process of weakening family and clan structures) ，非謂語動詞

中文：完成了減弱家族和宗族結(jié)構(gòu)的長期過程

修飾三：(especially among the aristocrats) ，介詞短語

中文：尤其是在貴族間

修飾四：(to set in their place locality-based corporations called demes) ，非謂語動詞

中文：在他們所在地方設(shè)置基于地點的稱之為demes團(tuán)體

修飾五：(which became the point of entry for all civic and most religious life in Athens. ) ，從句

中文：這成為了雅典所有公民和大多數(shù)宗教生活的入口點。

托福閱讀長難句100句參考翻譯：

Cleisthenes對于創(chuàng)造雅典民主的主要貢獻(xiàn)是他完成了減弱家族和宗族結(jié)構(gòu)(尤其是貴族家族和宗族結(jié)構(gòu))的長期的過程，并且在他們所在地方設(shè)置基于地點的稱之為demes團(tuán)體，這成為了雅典所有公民和大多數(shù)宗教生活的入口點。

這個句子的主要修飾成分就是從句、介詞短語和非謂語動詞，大家務(wù)必想清楚

托福閱讀長難句3

The tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higher latitudes——a fact that is not always evident when we examine commonly used projections of Earth's curved surface, since this tends to exaggerate the areas of land in the higher latitudes——and some biogeographers regard the differences in diversity as a reflection of this effect. (TPO40, 55)

tropics n. 熱帶

projection n. 發(fā)射，投射;

exaggerate /?g'z?d??re?t/ v. 夸張，夸大

大家自己先讀，不回讀，看一遍是否能理解

The tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higherlatitudes——(a fact) (that is not always evident) (when we examine commonly used projections of Earth's curved surface), (since this tends to exaggerate the areas of land in the higher latitudes)——and some biogeographers regard the differences in diversity as a reflection of this effect. (TPO40,55)

托福閱讀長難句100句分析：

這個句子的主干就是一個并列結(jié)構(gòu)，中間被一個破折號隔開了。

The tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higher latitudes and some biogeographers regard the differences in diversity as a reflection of this effect.

修飾一：(a fact) ，同位語

中文：一個事實

修飾二：(that is not always evident) ，從句

中文：不總是那么明顯

修飾三：(when we examine commonly used projections of Earth's curved surface) ，從句

中文：當(dāng)我們在仔細(xì)觀察通常所用的地球曲面投影時

修飾四：(since this tends to exaggerate the areas of land in the higher latitudes) ，從句

中文：因為這往往夸大了高緯度的土地面積

托福閱讀長難句100句參考翻譯：

熱帶比高緯度包含更大的的土地面積——當(dāng)我們在仔細(xì)觀察通常所用的地球曲面投影時，這一事實并不總是顯而易見的，因為這往往夸大了高緯度的土地面積——并且一些生物地理學(xué)家認(rèn)為多樣性的差異反映了這一影響。

這個句子的主要修飾成分就是從句和同位語，大家務(wù)必想清楚，每一個修飾成分修飾的是什么，才能看清楚這個句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。

托福閱讀長難句4

The answer to the first question is that carbon dioxide is still found in abundance on Earth, but now, instead of being in the form of atmospheric carbon dioxide, it is either dissolved in the oceans or chemically bound into carbonate rocks, such as the limestone and marble that formed in the oceans. ( TPO41, 53)

abundance /?'b?nd(?)ns/ n. 豐富，充裕

atmospheric /?tm?s'fer?k/ adj. 大氣的

dissolve /d?'z?lv/ v. 溶解

limestone /?la?m?st??n/ n. 石灰石

marble /'mɑ?b(?)l/ n. 大理石

大家自己先讀，不回讀，看一遍是否能理解

The answer to the first question is ( that carbon dioxide is still found in abundance on Earth), but now, (instead of being in the form of atmospheric carbon dioxide), it is either dissolved in the oceans or chemically bound into carbonate rocks, (such as the limestone and marble) (that formed in the oceans.) ( TPO41, 53)

托福閱讀長難句100句分析：

這個句子的主干是：

The answer to the first question is 從句 , but now, it is either dissolved in the oceans or chemically bound into carbonate rocks

修飾一：(that carbon dioxide is still found in abundance on Earth) ，從句

中文：在地球上二氧化碳依然可以大量被找到

修飾二：(instead of being in the form of atmospheric carbon dioxide) ，介詞短語

中文：它不是以大氣中的二氧化碳的形式出現(xiàn)

修飾三：(such as the limestone and marble that formed in the oceans.) ，介詞短語

中文：例如在海洋中形成的石灰石和大理石

修飾四：(that formed in the oceans.) ，從句

中文：在海洋中形成的

托福閱讀長難句100句參考翻譯：

第一個問題的答案是，在地球上二氧化碳依然可以大量被找到，但是現(xiàn)在，它不是以大氣中的二氧化碳的形式出現(xiàn)，它溶解在海洋里或者通過化學(xué)作用進(jìn)入碳酸鹽巖中，例如在海洋中形成的石灰石和大理石。

這個句子的主要修飾成分就是從句和介詞短語，大家務(wù)必想清楚，每一個修飾成分修飾的是什么，才能看清楚這個句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。

這個句子的主要修飾成分就是從句、介詞短語以及非謂語動

托福閱讀長難句5

The principal elements in behavioral thermoregulation are basking (heliothermy),heat exchange with substrates such as rock or earth (thigmothermy)，and diurnal and annual avoidance behaviors,which include moving to shelter during the day for cooling and hibernating or estivating (reducing activity during cold or hot weather, respectively).( TPO40,48)

bask /bɑ?sk/ v. 坐著或躺著取暖

substrate /'s?bstre?t/ n. 底物，基片，基質(zhì);被(酶)作用物

diurnal /da?'??n(?)l/ adj. 白天的，白晝的;每日的

hibernate /'ha?b?ne?t/ v. 冬眠

estivate /'i?st?ve?t/ v. (動物)夏眠

respectively adv. 各自地

大家自己先讀，不回讀，看一遍是否能理解

The principal elements (in behavioral thermoregulation) are basking (heliothermy), heat exchange (with substrates such as rock or earth (thigmothermy) )，and diurnal and annual avoidance behaviors, (which include moving to shelterduring the day for cooling and hibernating or estivating) (reducing activity during cold or hot weather, respectively).( TPO40, 48)

托福閱讀長難句100句分析：

修飾一：(in behavioral thermoregulation) ，介詞短語

中文：行為溫度調(diào)節(jié)

修飾二：(with substrates such as rock or earth (thigmothermy) ) ，介詞短語

中文：與基質(zhì)如巖石或土壤進(jìn)行熱交換(接觸熱源)

修飾三：(which include moving to shelter during the day for cooling and hibernating or estivating) ，從句

中文：這包括轉(zhuǎn)移到遮蔽處去乘涼、冬眠或夏眠

修飾四：(reducing activity during cold or hot weather, respectively) ，非謂語動詞

中文：分別在寒冷或炎熱的天氣減少活動

托福閱讀長難句100句參考翻譯：

行為溫度調(diào)節(jié)主要的要素有：曬太陽(日光浴)，與基質(zhì)如巖石或土壤進(jìn)行熱交換(接觸熱源)，以及每天或每年的躲避行為，這包括轉(zhuǎn)移到遮蔽處去乘涼、冬眠或夏眠(分別在寒冷或炎熱的天氣減少活動)。

這個句子的主要修飾成分就是從句、介詞短語以及非謂語動詞，大家務(wù)必想清楚，每一個修飾成分修飾的是什么，才能看清楚這個句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。