托福考試備考閱讀理解
為了讓大家更好的準(zhǔn)備托??荚?,小編給大家整理了托??荚噦淇奸喿x理解,下面小編就和大家分享,來欣賞一下吧。
托??荚噦淇奸喿x理解1
【待插入句子】On the other hand, amphibians in very hot climates use secretions from the mucus glands to decrease their temperature through evaporative cooling on the skin.
【待插入段落】Physiological adaptations can assist amphibians in colonizinghabitatswhere extreme conditions prevail. The tolerance range in body temperature represents the range of temperatures within which a species can survive. One species of North American newt is still active when temperatures drop to -2°C while one South American frog feels comfortable even when temperatures measured to 41°C—the highest body temperature measured in a free-ranging amphibian. [■] Recently it has been shown that some North American frog and toad species can survive up to five days with a body temperature of -6°C with approximately one-third of their body fluids frozen. [■] The other tissues are protected because they contain the frost-protective agents glycerin or glucose. [■] Additionally, in many species the tolerance boundaries are flexible and can change as a result of acclimatization (long-term exposure to particular conditions).[■]
答案
1.首先公布答案:3rd square;
2.看到待插入句子中有one the other hand,這是個典型的兩方面對比!給我們的是另一方面,那么前面一定要出現(xiàn)跟這部分內(nèi)容對立的一方面。
——“反過來,在很熱的氣候下生活的兩棲動物(amphibians)會用一些分泌物(secretions) (通過皮膚上蒸發(fā)性的冷卻)去降低溫度。
3.最后讓我們來看一下待插入段落的各個句子:(括號中為修飾成分)
——1st: 生理的適應(yīng)可以幫助amphibians去占領(lǐng)(極端情形prevail的)棲息地。2nd:(體溫的)忍耐區(qū)間指的是(represent) 一個溫度范圍(在這個范圍內(nèi)物種才能生存)。 3rd: 一個物種在氣溫降到-2度還能活動;而南美?在41度(高溫)還覺得舒適(41度是在所有兩棲動物中測量到的最高溫)。 4th: 最近發(fā)現(xiàn)有些南美?可以在-6度生存5天,(幾乎1/3的體液被凍住)。5th: 其他的組織被保護起來,因為這些組織包含抗凍物質(zhì)。 6th: 此外,在很多物種中,忍耐區(qū)間非常靈活,可以因為適應(yīng)環(huán)境(acclimatization)而改變。
看完之后就很清楚了,給的句子講的是amphibians如何應(yīng)付高溫,那前面suppose應(yīng)該說的就是處理低溫的情況,所以放在講-6度還能生存的后面。放好之后發(fā)現(xiàn)正好跟后面的additionally說的耐受區(qū)間可以變動搭配起來,perfect.
看完解析大家有木有發(fā)現(xiàn),小新老師這是在耍我們啊,這么單純的一道題,怎么就做得這么復(fù)雜了呢! 還是前面說的,重點其實不在選對答案,而是在于讀懂段落中句與句之間的關(guān)系。剛才看的這一段,這么多其實就說了一件事——物種的溫度忍耐區(qū)間!而既然是溫度區(qū)間大家馬上就了解了,肯定是能夠生存的最高溫和最低溫。所以這一段第一句結(jié)合全文主旨,說physiological adaptation幫助它們在極端環(huán)境生存;所以其實第一句話已經(jīng)完全劇透了全段——不就是圍繞extreme conditions來展開嘛。第二句解釋什么是tolerance range。后面就全部說低溫和高溫如何生存下來的具體方法了。
語法積累:
1. on the other hand 注意,要有相反的意思在里面,很多同學(xué)寫作文都喜歡用這個詞組,但一定要有對比才能用。
2. through evaporative cooling; in colonizing habitats;介賓結(jié)構(gòu),through... 通過...達(dá)到...的目的;一般要放到修飾對象前面去理解。
詞匯積累
habitat 棲息地
prevail 流行
represent 代表
range 范圍
托??荚噦淇奸喿x理解2
【待插入句子】 Indeed, at the height of Athenian democracy there was no government separate from its citizenry.
Where would the sentence best fit? Click on square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.
【待插入段落】 During the fifth century B. C. the council of 500 was extremely influential in shaping policy. [■] In the next century, however, it was the mature assembly that took on decision-making responsibility. [■] By any measure other than that of the aristocrats, who had been upstaged by the supposedly inferior "people," the Athenian democracy was a stunning success. Never before, or since, have so many people been involved in the serious business of self-governance. [■] It was precisely this opportunity to participate in public life that provided a stimulus for the brilliant unfolding of classical Greek culture.[■]
1.首先公布答案:3rd square;
2.然后我們來看一下待插入的句子:Indeed表示強調(diào),翻譯成“確實”;at the height of… 在...的巔峰;還有一個there was no… 用否定來表示強調(diào):沒有政府是跟全體市民分隔開的,言外之意就是說雅典的民主程度非常之高。 既然是強調(diào),那前面一定要出現(xiàn)過相應(yīng)的信息。
3.最后讓我們來看一下這一段的各個句子:
1st: 議會(council)在制定(shape)政策上非常有影響力。 2nd: 但在下個世紀(jì),成熟的立法機構(gòu)(assemby)承擔(dān)了做決定的職責(zé)。3rd: (以除了貴族之外的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)看來,貴族被本應(yīng)是下等人的人民搶去了風(fēng)頭)雅典的民主是一個巨大的成功. 4th: 空前絕后,從未有這么多人民參與到自我管理的嚴(yán)肅事業(yè)中來。 5th: 正是有了參與到公眾生活的機會,才刺激了古典希臘文化的發(fā)展(unfolding,展開)。
看完之后就很清楚了,整個段落一句話總結(jié)——雅典民主很成功。1st承接上文;2nd~4th講民主如何成功;5th講民主帶來的影響。 而我們要插入的地方在民主程度高的后面,所以是在self-governance后面。放進(jìn)去之后跟后面也能搭配起來,perfect.
知識小補丁
語法積累:
it was… that… 強調(diào)句的固定搭配;
other than… 表示否定,除了... 不是...
decision-making n+ v-ing; 理解的時候就按照v+n來理解,making decision;做決策。
never before, or since 前無古人,后無來者。
托??荚噦淇奸喿x理解3
【待插入句子】One example of such tropical abundance is found in Panama, which has 667 species of breeding birds一three times the number found in Alaska.
【待插入段落】 When we look at the way in which biodiversity (biological diversity) is distributed over the land surface of the planet, we find that it is far from even. The tropics contain many more species overall than an equivalent area at the higher latitudes. This seems to be true for many different groups of animals and plants. [■]
Why is it that higher latitudes have lower diversities than the tropics? [■] Perhaps it is simply a matter of land area. [■] The tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higher latitudes—a fact that is not always evident when we examine commonly used projections of Earth’s curved surface, since this tends to exaggerate the areas of land in the higher latitudes—and some biogeographers regard the differences in diversity as a reflection of this effect. [■] But an analysis of the data by biologist Klaus Rohde does not support this explanation. Although area may contribute to biodiversity, it is certainly not the whole story; otherwise, large landmasses would always be richer in species.
1.首先公布答案:1st square;
2.看到待插入句子中有one example…,這是個典型的論點+論據(jù)的結(jié)構(gòu)! 給我們的是論據(jù),那么前面一定要出現(xiàn)論點,這樣才能和舉例子對應(yīng)起來。 之后,看看舉的是什么樣的例子——這樣的熱帶多樣性被發(fā)現(xiàn)在Panama,有667個鳥類物種,是Alaska的三倍。
3.最后讓我們來看一下待插入段落的各個句子:
P1:1st:當(dāng)我們來看生物多樣性(biodiversity)在地表分布的方式時,我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)這種分布(it)不是(far from)均勻的(even)。2nd:熱帶(tropics)比同樣(equivalent)面積的高緯度(higher latitudes)地區(qū)包含了更多地物種。 3rd:這種現(xiàn)象對許多不同種類的動植物都是正確的。
為了讓大家更好的準(zhǔn)備托??荚?,小編給大家整理了托??荚噦淇奸喿x理解,下面小編就和大家分享,來欣賞一下吧。
托福考試備考閱讀理解
【待插入句子】On the other hand, amphibians in very hot climates use secretions from the mucus glands to decrease their temperature through evaporative cooling on the skin.
【待插入段落】Physiological adaptations can assist amphibians in colonizinghabitatswhere extreme conditions prevail. The tolerance range in body temperature represents the range of temperatures within which a species can survive. One species of North American newt is still active when temperatures drop to -2°C while one South American frog feels comfortable even when temperatures measured to 41°C—the highest body temperature measured in a free-ranging amphibian. [■] Recently it has been shown that some North American frog and toad species can survive up to five days with a body temperature of -6°C with approximately one-third of their body fluids frozen. [■] The other tissues are protected because they contain the frost-protective agents glycerin or glucose. [■] Additionally, in many species the tolerance boundaries are flexible and can change as a result of acclimatization (long-term exposure to particular conditions).[■]
答案
1.首先公布答案:3rd square;
2.看到待插入句子中有one the other hand,這是個典型的兩方面對比!給我們的是另一方面,那么前面一定要出現(xiàn)跟這部分內(nèi)容對立的一方面。
——“反過來,在很熱的氣候下生活的兩棲動物(amphibians)會用一些分泌物(secretions) (通過皮膚上蒸發(fā)性的冷卻)去降低溫度。
3.最后讓我們來看一下待插入段落的各個句子:(括號中為修飾成分)
——1st: 生理的適應(yīng)可以幫助amphibians去占領(lǐng)(極端情形prevail的)棲息地。2nd:(體溫的)忍耐區(qū)間指的是(represent) 一個溫度范圍(在這個范圍內(nèi)物種才能生存)。 3rd: 一個物種在氣溫降到-2度還能活動;而南美?在41度(高溫)還覺得舒適(41度是在所有兩棲動物中測量到的最高溫)。 4th: 最近發(fā)現(xiàn)有些南美?可以在-6度生存5天,(幾乎1/3的體液被凍住)。5th: 其他的組織被保護起來,因為這些組織包含抗凍物質(zhì)。 6th: 此外,在很多物種中,忍耐區(qū)間非常靈活,可以因為適應(yīng)環(huán)境(acclimatization)而改變。
看完之后就很清楚了,給的句子講的是amphibians如何應(yīng)付高溫,那前面suppose應(yīng)該說的就是處理低溫的情況,所以放在講-6度還能生存的后面。放好之后發(fā)現(xiàn)正好跟后面的additionally說的耐受區(qū)間可以變動搭配起來,perfect.
看完解析大家有木有發(fā)現(xiàn),小新老師這是在耍我們啊,這么單純的一道題,怎么就做得這么復(fù)雜了呢! 還是前面說的,重點其實不在選對答案,而是在于讀懂段落中句與句之間的關(guān)系。剛才看的這一段,這么多其實就說了一件事——物種的溫度忍耐區(qū)間!而既然是溫度區(qū)間大家馬上就了解了,肯定是能夠生存的最高溫和最低溫。所以這一段第一句結(jié)合全文主旨,說physiological adaptation幫助它們在極端環(huán)境生存;所以其實第一句話已經(jīng)完全劇透了全段——不就是圍繞extreme conditions來展開嘛。第二句解釋什么是tolerance range。后面就全部說低溫和高溫如何生存下來的具體方法了。
語法積累:
1. on the other hand 注意,要有相反的意思在里面,很多同學(xué)寫作文都喜歡用這個詞組,但一定要有對比才能用。
2. through evaporative cooling; in colonizing habitats;介賓結(jié)構(gòu),through... 通過...達(dá)到...的目的;一般要放到修飾對象前面去理解。
詞匯積累
habitat 棲息地
prevail 流行
represent 代表
range 范圍
托??荚噦淇奸喿x理解2
【待插入句子】 Indeed, at the height of Athenian democracy there was no government separate from its citizenry.
Where would the sentence best fit? Click on square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.
【待插入段落】 During the fifth century B. C. the council of 500 was extremely influential in shaping policy. [■] In the next century, however, it was the mature assembly that took on decision-making responsibility. [■] By any measure other than that of the aristocrats, who had been upstaged by the supposedly inferior "people," the Athenian democracy was a stunning success. Never before, or since, have so many people been involved in the serious business of self-governance. [■] It was precisely this opportunity to participate in public life that provided a stimulus for the brilliant unfolding of classical Greek culture.[■]
1.首先公布答案:3rd square;
2.然后我們來看一下待插入的句子:Indeed表示強調(diào),翻譯成“確實”;at the height of… 在...的巔峰;還有一個there was no… 用否定來表示強調(diào):沒有政府是跟全體市民分隔開的,言外之意就是說雅典的民主程度非常之高。 既然是強調(diào),那前面一定要出現(xiàn)過相應(yīng)的信息。
3.最后讓我們來看一下這一段的各個句子:
1st: 議會(council)在制定(shape)政策上非常有影響力。 2nd: 但在下個世紀(jì),成熟的立法機構(gòu)(assemby)承擔(dān)了做決定的職責(zé)。3rd: (以除了貴族之外的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)看來,貴族被本應(yīng)是下等人的人民搶去了風(fēng)頭)雅典的民主是一個巨大的成功. 4th: 空前絕后,從未有這么多人民參與到自我管理的嚴(yán)肅事業(yè)中來。 5th: 正是有了參與到公眾生活的機會,才刺激了古典希臘文化的發(fā)展(unfolding,展開)。
看完之后就很清楚了,整個段落一句話總結(jié)——雅典民主很成功。1st承接上文;2nd~4th講民主如何成功;5th講民主帶來的影響。 而我們要插入的地方在民主程度高的后面,所以是在self-governance后面。放進(jìn)去之后跟后面也能搭配起來,perfect.
知識小補丁
語法積累:
it was… that… 強調(diào)句的固定搭配;
other than… 表示否定,除了... 不是...
decision-making n+ v-ing; 理解的時候就按照v+n來理解,making decision;做決策。
never before, or since 前無古人,后無來者。
托??荚噦淇奸喿x理解3
【待插入句子】One example of such tropical abundance is found in Panama, which has 667 species of breeding birds一three times the number found in Alaska.
【待插入段落】 When we look at the way in which biodiversity (biological diversity) is distributed over the land surface of the planet, we find that it is far from even. The tropics contain many more species overall than an equivalent area at the higher latitudes. This seems to be true for many different groups of animals and plants. [■]
Why is it that higher latitudes have lower diversities than the tropics? [■] Perhaps it is simply a matter of land area. [■] The tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higher latitudes—a fact that is not always evident when we examine commonly used projections of Earth’s curved surface, since this tends to exaggerate the areas of land in the higher latitudes—and some biogeographers regard the differences in diversity as a reflection of this effect. [■] But an analysis of the data by biologist Klaus Rohde does not support this explanation. Although area may contribute to biodiversity, it is certainly not the whole story; otherwise, large landmasses would always be richer in species.
1.首先公布答案:1st square;
2.看到待插入句子中有one example…,這是個典型的論點+論據(jù)的結(jié)構(gòu)! 給我們的是論據(jù),那么前面一定要出現(xiàn)論點,這樣才能和舉例子對應(yīng)起來。 之后,看看舉的是什么樣的例子——這樣的熱帶多樣性被發(fā)現(xiàn)在Panama,有667個鳥類物種,是Alaska的三倍。
3.最后讓我們來看一下待插入段落的各個句子:
P1:1st:當(dāng)我們來看生物多樣性(biodiversity)在地表分布的方式時,我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)這種分布(it)不是(far from)均勻的(even)。2nd:熱帶(tropics)比同樣(equivalent)面積的高緯度(higher latitudes)地區(qū)包含了更多地物種。 3rd:這種現(xiàn)象對許多不同種類的動植物都是正確的。
P2: 1st: 為什么高緯度有(比熱帶)更低的多樣性?
2nd: 可能只是陸地面積的緣故。(托福中經(jīng)典的自問自答!)
3rd:熱帶(比高緯度區(qū)域)包含了更大的地表面積,有些生物地理學(xué)家把這種多樣性的差異(differnece in diversity)當(dāng)成是(regard...as)這種結(jié)果(this effect, 只帶前半句的熱帶面積更大)的反射——面積的事實(a fact)在我們看地球曲面投影圖的時候并不總是明顯的,因為投影(this)會夸大(exaggerate)高緯度地區(qū)的陸地面積。(這一句也考到了句子簡化題,注意”先大后小”的原則,破折號留到后面讀)
4th: 但是KR的數(shù)據(jù)分析并不支持這個解釋。
5th:盡管面積可能導(dǎo)致(contribute to…)生物多樣性,它當(dāng)然不是全部的理由(not the whole story);否則(otherwise),大的地表面積就應(yīng)該總是有更豐富的物種。 (言外之意是 并非如此?!疾斐WR)
看完之后就很清楚了,第一個段落講現(xiàn)象,第二個段落講原因。而待插入的句子說的是現(xiàn)象,所以放在第一段關(guān)于生物多樣性的論點后面,perfect。
語法積累
far from… 跟上次課講過的other than…一樣,表示否定。
more…than…;lower…than…; larger…than… 識別比較關(guān)系。
regard…as… 被認(rèn)為...
not the whole story 字面理解為“不是全部的故事”;常用的承上啟下轉(zhuǎn)移話題的短語。
詞匯積累
diversity 多樣性
distribute 分布
even 平均的
equivalent 等價的
reflection 反映,反射
contribute to… 導(dǎo)致
otherwise 否則
P2: 1st: 為什么高緯度有(比熱帶)更低的多樣性?
2nd: 可能只是陸地面積的緣故。(托福中經(jīng)典的自問自答!)
3rd:熱帶(比高緯度區(qū)域)包含了更大的地表面積,有些生物地理學(xué)家把這種多樣性的差異(differnece in diversity)當(dāng)成是(regard...as)這種結(jié)果(this effect, 只帶前半句的熱帶面積更大)的反射——面積的事實(a fact)在我們看地球曲面投影圖的時候并不總是明顯的,因為投影(this)會夸大(exaggerate)高緯度地區(qū)的陸地面積。(這一句也考到了句子簡化題,注意”先大后小”的原則,破折號留到后面讀)
4th: 但是KR的數(shù)據(jù)分析并不支持這個解釋。
5th:盡管面積可能導(dǎo)致(contribute to…)生物多樣性,它當(dāng)然不是全部的理由(not the whole story);否則(otherwise),大的地表面積就應(yīng)該總是有更豐富的物種。 (言外之意是 并非如此?!疾斐WR)
看完之后就很清楚了,第一個段落講現(xiàn)象,第二個段落講原因。而待插入的句子說的是現(xiàn)象,所以放在第一段關(guān)于生物多樣性的論點后面,perfect。
語法積累
far from… 跟上次課講過的other than…一樣,表示否定。
more…than…;lower…than…; larger…than… 識別比較關(guān)系。
regard…as… 被認(rèn)為...
not the whole story 字面理解為“不是全部的故事”;常用的承上啟下轉(zhuǎn)移話題的短語。
詞匯積累
diversity 多樣性
distribute 分布
even 平均的
equivalent 等價的
reflection 反映,反射
contribute to… 導(dǎo)致
otherwise 否則
托??荚噦淇奸喿x理解




