考GRE需要多大詞匯量

陳鈴1147由分享時(shí)間：2020-08-31 06:49:17

宅家備考指南,考GRE需要多大詞匯量??我們一起來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)吧,下面小編就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。

宅家備考指南|考GRE需要多大詞匯量?

GRE篇

GRE考試一直以詞匯量高著稱。如果搜索“考GRE需要多大詞匯量”，可以得到少則3000、多則30000的截然不同的回答。但是，這些答案大多是來(lái)自于主觀判斷，缺少科學(xué)的證據(jù)或理由作為支持，讓人不敢輕易相信。在今天的文章中，我們就從詞目、詞量、詞頻的角度為您分析GRE考試到底需要多大詞匯量?

如何統(tǒng)計(jì)詞匯量——詞目

由于單詞存在變形，如動(dòng)詞look的常見(jiàn)變形有l(wèi)ooks、looked、looking，因此在統(tǒng)計(jì)的時(shí)候，本文只計(jì)算“詞目”的數(shù)量，不同變形均算作同一個(gè)“詞目”。因此前面提到過(guò)的look、looks、looked、looking只算一個(gè)詞，這也是目前最常用的統(tǒng)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

此外，一個(gè)“詞目”添加了前綴或后綴也有可能變?yōu)椤靶略~目”。判斷方法為：如果該單詞在字典中存在單獨(dú)的詞條、形成新的含義，則為“新詞目”，否則就作為其他詞的變形。如interest、interesting、interested就構(gòu)成了三個(gè)詞目。例如：在字典中可以找到interesting的詞條，但無(wú)法找到looks的詞條，因此前者構(gòu)成新詞目，而后者僅為look的變形。

GRE考題詞匯量的“純統(tǒng)計(jì)”——9208

在明確了詞匯量的定義之后，我們以目前網(wǎng)絡(luò)上流通的全部1300余道題目為樣本統(tǒng)計(jì)，發(fā)現(xiàn)所有題目中出現(xiàn)的總詞匯量為“9208”。

但是，“9208”是基于以往的考試題目統(tǒng)計(jì)出來(lái)的，只能說(shuō)這“9208”詞匯可以應(yīng)付以往的GRE考題，但并不一定足以應(yīng)付未來(lái)的考題。過(guò)往經(jīng)驗(yàn)告訴我們，每次GRE考試都會(huì)出現(xiàn)新詞。因此應(yīng)對(duì)GRE考試所需的詞匯量應(yīng)大于現(xiàn)有的統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果。

在近900道GRE題目樣本下，每10道題仍可帶來(lái)約40個(gè)新增詞匯。因此僅憑現(xiàn)有的題目是不足以完全覆蓋未來(lái)考試詞匯的。

什么是詞匯難度——生僻度

我們先來(lái)看一道GRE官網(wǎng)上的填空例題：In parts of the Arctic, the land grades into the landfast ice so ______ that you can walk off the coast and not know you are over the hidden sea.(A) permanently(B) imperceptibly(C) irregularly(D) precariously(E) relentlessly(答案：B) 這道題目中出現(xiàn)的詞匯量為29，請(qǐng)問(wèn)：如果只是為了做對(duì)這一道題的話，一個(gè)考生需要有多大詞匯量?答案顯然不會(huì)是29，因此要回答考GRE需要多大詞匯量這一問(wèn)題，更合理的思路應(yīng)是從GRE詞匯的難度著手。有研究指出，閱讀英語(yǔ)時(shí)理解其意思需要認(rèn)識(shí)98%的單詞，最低不能低于95%。我們也以此為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，即假定普通考生想在GRE考試中大概理解文章意思的話至少應(yīng)認(rèn)識(shí)其中95%的單詞，而追求高正確率的考生需要認(rèn)識(shí)其中98%的單詞。那么認(rèn)識(shí)“relentlessly”至少需要多大的詞匯量呢?

最能反映詞匯難度的指標(biāo)是詞匯的“生僻程度”：越常見(jiàn)的單詞越容易被掌握，越生僻的單詞被掌握的可能性越小。我們以當(dāng)代美語(yǔ)語(yǔ)料庫(kù)(Corpus of Contemporary American English, COCA)發(fā)布的單詞詞頻數(shù)據(jù)作為計(jì)算單詞生僻程度的依據(jù)。數(shù)字越大表示單詞越生僻，最大為63145。比如：?jiǎn)卧~look難度為76，abandon難度為2203，上面例題中E選項(xiàng)的relentlessly難度為10098。

GRE填空題選項(xiàng)中最難的單詞難度為63145，所有單詞平均難度為“8963”。對(duì)于GRE填空題而言，考生“至少”需要認(rèn)識(shí)80%的詞匯(即平均每五個(gè)選項(xiàng)認(rèn)識(shí)四個(gè))，通過(guò)計(jì)算可得GRE填空選項(xiàng)詞匯中難度排名為80百分位的詞匯難度為“15541”;對(duì)于認(rèn)識(shí)98%單詞的話，對(duì)應(yīng)的詞匯難度為“40406”。

總結(jié)

做GRE填空題需要15541的詞匯量。而GRE填空考霸需要40406的詞匯量。

從上面的討論中可看出，對(duì)于考生想要應(yīng)付GRE考試至少需要的詞匯量在15000左右;這意味著考試在掌握四六級(jí)6000余詞匯的基礎(chǔ)上還需要再掌握7000多詞匯。

GRE重點(diǎn)詞匯解析：pedant

pedant: 學(xué)究式人物; one who pays undue attention to book learning and formal rules

1) someone who shows off learning

pedant : learning

pedantic : learned

pedantic : scholarly

pedantic : scholar

insightful : pedant

pedantic: making an excessive display of learning

The graduate instructor's tedious and excessive commentary on the subject soon gained her a reputation as a pedant.

The GSI's tedious and excessive commentary on the subject soon gained her a reputation as a pedant.

pedant : learning = dandy : preen

pedant : learning = dandy : dress

pedantic : scholar = histrionic : actor 學(xué)究的:學(xué)者=戲劇的:演員

pedant : learning = martinet : discipline 迂腐的人過(guò)分強(qiáng)調(diào)知識(shí)=嚴(yán)格的人過(guò)分強(qiáng)調(diào)紀(jì)律

pedant : learning = hack : writing 學(xué)究的動(dòng)作是學(xué)習(xí)=雇傭文人的動(dòng)作是寫作

pedantic : learned = moralistic : principled 學(xué)究式的:有學(xué)問(wèn)的=道學(xué)的:有原則的

scholarly : pedantic = modest : prudish 儒雅的:書呆的=謙虛的:假裝正經(jīng)

GRE重點(diǎn)詞匯解析：endemic

endemic: characteristic of or prevalent in a group of people or region

1) native to a particular area; constantly present in a particular country or locality; epidemic

The Joshua tree is endemic to the Mojave Desert; it grows nowhere else.

The endemic fauna was of great interest to the anthropologist.

A fast-paced style is endemic to those who live in New York City.

Synonyms: aboriginal, local, regional

endemic ---- native to or confined to a certain region

endemic ---- characteristic of a region or people

endemic ----- characteristic of or often found in a particular locality, region, or people

endemic ----- natural to or characteristic of a specific people or place

Endemic ----- belonging to a particular area; inherrent t

endemic -----inherent; belonging to an area. Malaria, once endemic to the area, has now been largely eradicated.

endemic---prevalent in or native to a certain region, locality, or people: "The disease was endemic to the region." Don't confuse this word with epidemic.

endemic epidemic

endemic<>exotic地方的<>外來(lái)的

GRE重點(diǎn)詞匯解析：prevaricate

prevaricate: 支吾其詞; to deviate from the truth: equivocate

1) to lie or deviate from the truth

2) to speak equivocally or evasively, i.e., to lie

Syn: deceive, equivocate, misrepresent, lie, perjure

prevaricate : deceive

prevaricate : truth

prevaricate : deceit

prevaricate : dishonesty

1. Rather than admit that he had overslept again, the employee prevaricated and claimed that heavy traffic had prevented him from arriving at work ontime.

2. Do not prevaricate about who did what or why; simply tell me how the vase got broken.

The mayor's desperate attempt to prevaricate about the scandal was transparent to the voters.

His mother knew no one else could have done it, but the child foolishly prevaricated about the stain on the rug.

prevaricate : deceive = exhortation : encourage

prevaricate : deceive = filibuster : delay :: blandishment : coax

equivocate : clarity = prevaricate : truth

prevaricate : deceit = filibuster : delay

equivocate/palter/falter/prevaricate 含糊其辭,說(shuō)模棱兩的話

GRE重點(diǎn)詞匯解析：Inane

Inane: 無(wú)意義的; lacking significance, meaning, or point

Inane : sagacity =

inane : significance =