實(shí)用托福獨(dú)立寫作技巧
托福獨(dú)立寫作要求大家在30分鐘內(nèi)完成一篇300字的文章，通常情況下，寫作字?jǐn)?shù)都會(huì)超過300字，達(dá)到400-450字。下面小編就和大家分享實(shí)用托福獨(dú)立寫作技巧,希望能幫助到大家，來欣賞一下吧。
實(shí)用托福獨(dú)立寫作技巧丨如何才能在30分鐘內(nèi)寫出高質(zhì)量的作文?
一.托福獨(dú)立寫作提升速度要用三步寫作法
第一步：審題、確定立場(chǎng)、列出理由(只需要在草稿紙上用英文單詞或漢語列出各個(gè)理由，防止遺忘)最少3分鐘最多5分鐘：
要避免兩個(gè)極端：
用時(shí)太少，理由沒有想清楚就開始寫作，不僅造成文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)不清，還會(huì)引起行文中頻繁的修正，欲速則不達(dá);
用時(shí)太多，不要追求一次思考就能把每一條理由及相關(guān)例證都想出來。其實(shí)想出兩條之后就可以動(dòng)筆，各個(gè)理 由的例證可以寫到該段時(shí)邊思考邊寫。這一點(diǎn)你不必懷疑，只要你的思維還是正常的，一定能做到。
第二步：正文寫作
最少22分鐘最多26分鐘：
a.各段寫作時(shí)注意對(duì)段落的不同部分給予不同的重視：
主題句給予最大重視，注意煉句，別說你不想寫主題句，主題句可以使讀者和筆者本人更清晰該段落寫什么。各段中支持性細(xì)節(jié)寫作不必遵循相同的模式：
有n種選擇可供參考：1. 舉具體事例 2. 說對(duì)方相對(duì)缺點(diǎn)3. 使用數(shù)據(jù) 4. 使用假想例子 5. 使用類比、比喻、引用等修辭手段來論述。 哪一種你最容易想出來，就用哪一種。
b.考前將文章開頭、結(jié)尾、例證、讓步等各種句套背熟練,并且練習(xí)和模考時(shí)把他們用熟，要象做完型填空一樣對(duì)待考場(chǎng)作文。別試圖在考場(chǎng)上再現(xiàn)去決定比如哪種開頭好，怎樣結(jié)尾好。使用自己選種的套話。
c.當(dāng)被告知還有5分鐘結(jié)束時(shí)，一般你已經(jīng)該寫到最后一條理由，或者已經(jīng)在做結(jié)尾。要確保文章有結(jié)尾段。(不排除將他和最后一條理由的末段結(jié)合在一起的可能性)
第三步：檢查
需要1-3分鐘
有側(cè)重點(diǎn)地檢查：
1、句法：確保每句話是完整的，有謂語，且簡(jiǎn)單句只有一個(gè)謂語。
2、時(shí)態(tài)：文章絕大部分使用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱要使用單數(shù);使用過去發(fā)生的事例時(shí)用的是過去時(shí);
3、主謂一致
按此三步，持續(xù)練習(xí)5篇以上，可以確保時(shí)間問題。
二.托福寫作要注意篇章簡(jiǎn)潔
1.確定立場(chǎng)
針對(duì)某一個(gè)論題,每一種觀點(diǎn)都有它的理由。同樣,在托福作文中也不存在著唯一的觀點(diǎn)和內(nèi)容。這時(shí),你可以從兩個(gè)完全相反的觀點(diǎn)中選擇一個(gè)立場(chǎng)。關(guān)鍵在于你如何說服讀者:盡管存在著相反的立場(chǎng),你的觀點(diǎn)從總體上來說仍然是最具說服力的。一般說來,應(yīng)該選擇那個(gè)政治上正確的或者大多數(shù)考生會(huì)選擇的觀點(diǎn)。當(dāng)然,如果你不擅長(zhǎng)寫這種文章,你可以適當(dāng)?shù)卣{(diào)整一下內(nèi)容以適應(yīng)你較習(xí)慣的舒服的表達(dá)方式。但總的說來,文章要均衡,不要包含高度爭(zhēng)議性的論述。不要把這里當(dāng)成思想家的論壇。寫一篇高度爭(zhēng)議性的文章只會(huì)讓讀者對(duì)你產(chǎn)生偏見,同時(shí)也會(huì)使電腦評(píng)分器費(fèi)解,因?yàn)檫@種文章和其數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)里所儲(chǔ)存的文章差別太大。所以,針對(duì)問題時(shí)盡量使用較冷靜平和的語!氣。盡管如此,你也不能不選擇一個(gè)立場(chǎng)。你必須選擇一個(gè)將要“出現(xiàn)”在開頭段落和結(jié)論段落里的觀點(diǎn)。當(dāng)然考試時(shí),題目會(huì)讓你選擇一種觀點(diǎn),但你必須明確地表述出來。
2.有側(cè)重去寫
托福寫作每篇文章你只有30分鐘,這么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)你不可能覆蓋每一個(gè)推理,反駁和例子。當(dāng)你開始考試時(shí)抽出幾分鐘的時(shí)間確定要寫的論點(diǎn)和例子。你不必包含每個(gè)論題和概念。大部分學(xué)生都沒有足夠的時(shí)間覆蓋他想覆蓋的內(nèi)容。所以,只要選擇其中最具說服力的點(diǎn)和例子。其實(shí),判分者也不期望你對(duì)每個(gè)論題都作深入的探討。
3.托福獨(dú)立寫作中的例子
托福寫作題目會(huì)告訴你可以利用自己的經(jīng)歷來展開你的論點(diǎn),得出結(jié)論。這種方法是可以的,但不要過分。你的推理依據(jù)應(yīng)該更偏向于所學(xué)到的知識(shí)而非個(gè)人經(jīng)歷。你所舉的例子或者知識(shí)可能很吸引人,但不要試圖深入。因?yàn)橥懈Ｗ魑臏y(cè)試的是你基本寫作能力,而非你的專業(yè)知識(shí)。留學(xué)生:盡量多讀一些美國(guó)雜志,以適應(yīng)美國(guó)人寫作的習(xí)慣和跟上時(shí)代的潮流。
4.如何寫出簡(jiǎn)潔卻能得高分的文章
試著將自己放在評(píng)分者的位置上,他們整天在為作文判分。你希望看到一篇包含5段每段4句的簡(jiǎn)潔的有效的文章還是4段每段10句的散漫的文章呢?簡(jiǎn)而言之:確保你的作文干脆,簡(jiǎn)潔能取悅評(píng)分者。在Issue部分這尤其重要,因?yàn)樵谶@里你表達(dá)的是你自己的觀點(diǎn)。
托福寫作：題庫(kù)范文附思路解析
1. A transportation vehicle that has changed people's lives Choose one of the following transportation vehicles and explain why you think it has changed people's lives. ? automobiles ? bicycles ? airplanes Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
『分析』根據(jù)[70]，應(yīng)該選擇automobiles。注意，要回答為.什.么.汽車改變了人們的生活。汽車改變了人們的時(shí)間、空間觀念，進(jìn)而改變了人們的生活。汽車使貨物的遠(yuǎn)程運(yùn)輸成為可能，進(jìn)而使人們可以購(gòu)買更多的商品。汽車使汽油變得格外重要，直接間接導(dǎo)致了很多中東地區(qū)的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。汽車使空氣污染更加嚴(yán)重，導(dǎo)致人們的健康受到影響相關(guān)
題目：[70]、[106]、[177]
『范文』 Automobiles, as the exponent of modern transportation vehicles, virtually have contributed to modern life more than most people have imagined, even though automobiles, as is true of all other technologies, have also created many problems. The advancement of modern transportation, certainly including that of automobiles, has made more goods available in local markets. For example, in China, some fruits are only cultivated in the southern part of the country and not in the northern, such as litchi, sugarcane, pineapple—partly due to sheer gradient of temperature. Thanks to the advancement of modern transportation system, people in the northern part of the country can now get those southern cultivated fruits readily available in almost every local market. In the far past when such system didn't exist, when goods could be transported only by primitive tools such as carts, some fruits such as litchi were the privilege of imperial household. At the same time, the development of modern transportation has also made goods in local markets much less expensive. Take litchi for example again. Two decades ago, litchi was pretty expensive, and was a luxury. But the development has made the transportation easier and the cost lower and lower. On the other hand, due to previous factors, more merchants are engaged in the business that simultaneously intensified the competition, which certainly affected the prices. Thus, the price of litchi subsequently dropped. The same goes for other goods as well. Today, people are able to buy almost any goods they want no matter where the origin of the goods is, and to make choice among more counterparts, and the best of all, to take the goods home with less expenditure. Moreover, advanced transportation vehicles such as automobiles have to some extent made people more independent than before. It is not hard to imagine that 50 years ago a young widow who lived in a small village and whose husband had died when she was 23 had little chance to get married again, for the sake of the tradition or culture, or whatever. But if that happened in the present day, things would be entirely different. Advanced transportation vehicles being readily available, she could easily get to another city within at most 2 days and by lower expenses, say from the small village located in the north east of China to the far southern city, Guangzhou - several thousands of miles away. That's a big city, that's a new city, and nobody knows her there; she has a brand new start, and she is entirely independent.
2. Is progress always good? Do you agree or disagree that progress is always good? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
『分析』不同同意。Always是一個(gè)絕對(duì)的修飾詞。大多數(shù)的時(shí)候進(jìn)步是好的。電的發(fā)明、交通方式的進(jìn)步、通訊方式的改良也有些時(shí)候進(jìn)步帶來一些副作用。參見：[29]
『范文』 Progress can be measured in many ways, but one very tangible way to measure progress is by looking at economic development. In these terms, progress can be seen as a very positive force, helping many people rise up from poverty. But history shows that progress, even as measured by economic progress, always has its cost. Take Germany in the 1930's for example. Humiliated by unequal treaties after World War I, the German people were suffering from a terrible economy and massive inflation. Then Hitler took power and mobilized the German economy, in several years the Germans economy had recovered and was actually becoming among the most powerful in Europe. But Hitler's economic miracle came at a terrible price. His plan was to use Germany's economic power to finance its military power. Germany's aggression sparked World War II, a catastrophe that killed tens of millions of people all over the whole world, including countless millions of civilians. When progress serves evil, the result hurts. Likewise the progress of America, arguably the most advanced of all nations, has come at a heavy price. America used to be the land of native Americans. America's current "progress" would probably not have been achieved if most of the land in America still belonged to the Native Americans. From their perspective, America's current progress is their profound loss. Finally, China's economic growth over the past 25 years has been truly remarkable. Standards of living have gone up dramatically, but the progress has negative aspects as well as the obvious positive ones. As income gaps between the rich and the poor widen, social problems like crime and poverty become more pronounced. The damage done to the environment by factories and "progressive" human activity might not be undone for hundreds of years, affecting the lives of Chinese people for generations to come. If these problems are not addressed, our grandchildren might truly come to regret current alleged "progress."
3. Does history have any value for people living in the present? Learning about the past has no value for those of us living in the present. Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
『分析』不能同意。No是一個(gè)絕對(duì)的修飾詞。只要列出三個(gè)values or advantages of learning history就可以了。
『范文』 People live in the present. They plan for and worry about the future. History, however, is the study of the past. Some people might ask, "Given all the demands that press in from living in the present and anticipating what is yet to come, why bother with what has been? Given all the desirable and available branches of knowledge, why insist—as most American educational programs do—on a good bit of history? And why urge many students to study even more history than they are required to?" However, it's undeniable that learning about past has its value, it will help us understand people and societies, and it will help us understand change and how the society we live in came to be. History helps us understand people and societies. In the first place, history offers a storehouse of information about how people and societies behave. Understanding the operations of people and societies is difficult, though a number of disciplines make the attempt. An exclusive reliance on current data would needlessly handicap our efforts. For example, how can we evaluate war if the nation is at peace—unless we use historical materials? How can we understand genius, the influence of technological innovation, or the role that beliefs play in shaping family life, if we don't use what we know about experiences in the past? Consequently, history must serve, however imperfectly, as our laboratory, and data from the past must serve as our most vital evidence in the unavoidable quest to figure out why our complex species behaves as it does in societal settings. This, fundamentally, is why we cannot stay away from history: it offers the only extensive evidential base for the contemplation and analysis of how societies function, and people need to have some sense of how societies function simply to run their own lives. History also helps us understand change and how the society we live in came to be. The second reason history is inescapable as a subject of serious study follows closely on the first. The past causes the present, and so the future. Any time we try to know why something happened—whether a shift in political party dominance in the American Congress, a major change in the teenage suicide rate, or a war in the Balkans or the Middle East—we have to look for factors that took shape earlier. Sometimes fairly recent history will suffice to explain a major development, but often we need to look further back to identify the causes of change. Only through studying history can we grasp how things change; only through history can we begin to comprehend the factors that cause change; and only through history can we understand what elements of an institution or a society persist despite change.
4. Technology, students' helper or not? Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? With the help of technology, students nowadays can learn more information and learn it more quickly. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
『分析』不能完全同意。要表明It is largely true that (把statement換個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)寫進(jìn)來)。 How technologies help students learn more information? (互聯(lián)網(wǎng);電子書籍) How technologies help students learn more quickly? (電子字典;電子文本的搜索功能) But some times technologies handicap learning. (電子游戲) 結(jié)論，學(xué)得多，學(xué)的快，還要靠一些其他的因素，比如，毅力。Technology can help a lazy student nearly nothing.
『范文』 It is undeniable that continuously developing technologies have brought tremendous benefits, especially in learning area. Learning has in many ways become easier than has ever been before. Take learning English for example. In the past, few students owned tape recorders, and learning materials were scarce as well. But today, tape recorders get more and more inexpensive, and diversified learning materials are readily available. On the other hand, new devices, such as MP3 or MD players, are offered in market, and relevant learning materials (MP3 files) are easily and freely downloadable from the Internet. However, it is a little bit haste to assert students can learn more information and learn it more quickly simply because technology helps, since technologies, as always, contribute both benefits and detriments. For example, computers, as have been mentioned, help students a lot in various ways, but at the same time have many negative even harmful impacts on the users. Most students nowadays play computer games, sitting before the table, staring at the screen, clicking mouse button, and the outcomes are cerebrum fatigue, visual deterioration and another day of waste. Chatting on the Internet is another great way to kill precious time, and one of negative side-effects of key -board dependence is that students nowadays can seldom spell correctly. Worst of all, investigations have shown that more than half of time that students have spent online was exhausted on browsing porn movies, pulp fictions or erotic photos and so on. Students certainly want to learn more and to learn more quickly. But merely technology itself is not the solution. Learning itself is a skill and it only develops by practice. Computers and other devices can certainly help, but they won't make study any less painful, and technologies in fact provide no solution to overcome indolence that everyone has. Learning has never been easy, and will not be easier merely because of technologies. It always requires tremendous efforts and determination to learn something well. Too much advocacy on the fancy benefits of technologies will mislead much more than virtually help. 40. Do we need "Never, never give up"? The expression "Never, never give up" means to keep trying and never stop working for your goals. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
『分析』 Never是一個(gè)絕對(duì)詞。但是由于這是一個(gè)積極向上的說法，所以，要“很大程度上同意?！庇啦环艞壍那疤崾? “制訂一個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)、可行、并有意義的計(jì)劃”。參見：范文。
『范文』 Near the end of the Second World War, Churchill delivered his most famous and the shortest speech: Never, Never Give Up. The British and people in many other countries were tremendously encouraged, and finally went through the hardest period in human history. "Never give up" represents a strong and positive life attitude. Some people are ready to quit when they feel they cannot endure the difficulties of some work or they think they cannot find a way to finish the required task. Such people usually become upset and disappointed and lose their self-confidence, although they virtually can do every thing well simply by trying once more. In cases such as acquiring second language, most people failed simply because they had given up. Acquiring second language might be the easiest task among diverse academic curriculums, because one can be successful only by plain repetition, though it is painstaking and time-consuming. Never give up. Such strong belief often gives us the second chance. The fact that we fail-somewhere does not mean we are going to fail everywhere, and especially it does not necessarily mean that we are deprived of opportunities to win there. There probably is a second chance. Many successful people did fail before. Yu Minhong, the founder of New Oriental School, was able to study in Peking University only after three attempts. He wasn't reckoned as successful after graduation, among many signs is the fact that almost all his classmates went abroad while he w~ each and every time refused by officials in visa-granting office for unexplained reasons. Yet he never gave up, which makes his later success inevitable. Psychology teaches us that we do get what we want, if we know exactly what we want and want the right thing. First of all, we must make sure that our clearly defined goals are achievable, and that our carefully designed means are practicable. A superficial claim like I want to be a millionaire brings nothing. And an unrealistic goal like inventing a perpetual motion machine is absolutely meaningless. But if we want to acquire a second language, it is both realistic and meaningful. By careful planning, and relevant persistence we have no reason to fail. And numerous examples tell us that even if the methods are problematic, many still finally attain great achievements. Therefore, in most cases, the belief "Never, never give up" is really something that we should always bear in mind.
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