托福寫作詞匯有哪些使用技巧
托福寫作技巧中最為重要的技巧之一就是用詞，那么托福寫作用詞方面有哪些技巧?下面小編就和大家分享托福寫作詞匯有哪些使用技巧,希望能夠幫助到大家，來欣賞一下吧。
托福寫作詞匯有哪些使用技巧?
一.托福寫作選詞技巧之區(qū)分同義詞
由于歷史的原因，現(xiàn)代英語除本族語外，還包括大量的法語和拉丁來源的飼，這就使英語的同義詞相當(dāng)豐富?？偟膩碇v，英語本族語大多是短詞，小詞，聽起來樸素)親切，大量用于口頭表達(dá)：法語來源的詞莊重文雅，多與行政、宗教、軍事、服飾等有關(guān);拉丁來源的詞，書卷味濃， 如ask，question，inter-rogate這三個不同來源的同義詞在不同的主題、對象、情景下用法就不一樣。同義詞除了來源的不同會影響措詞的選擇外，它們在程度、感情色彩上也有不同。比如“瘦”可以用slender，slim，lean，thin，underweight，gaunt，lanky，skinny等來表達(dá)，而sleder表示“苗條”是褒義的，skinny卻是貶義的，underweight則是中性的詞。即使同是褒義詞，表達(dá)的感情色彩也不同。比如little和petite兩個同義詞當(dāng)用來描繪女子時，都意為“個子小”的，但petite同時還有“勻稱”的意義，而little更強調(diào)“可愛的”或“可憐的”，根據(jù)不同的上下文，它還有“http://toefl.533.com纖小”、“嬌小”或“弱小”等不同意義。因此在選詞表達(dá)思想時，一定要分清主題，對象及情景。
另外，讓中國學(xué)生頭痛的是一些同義詞的習(xí)慣搭配。比如large和big都指“大”，但large通常用來修飾諸如number，amount及quantity(a large number of students，a large amou-nt of money，a large quantity of wine，etc)。但象“勇氣”，“信心”，”能力”、“智慧”等表示個人素質(zhì)的名詞，人們通常用呷碰而不用big或large來修飾。由此可見，在英語寫作實踐中，區(qū)分同義詞的用法是相當(dāng)重要的。
二. 托福寫作選詞技巧之符合語言習(xí)慣
例如，英美人對landlord和peasant兩詞的理解與中國人截然不同。英美人對前者的理解首先是“房東”，然后才是“地主”;而peasant一詞對他們來說意味著“粗俗”與“無知”，此詞多少帶有貶義色彩。再如propaganda一詞在中國并不帶有西方人所理解的貶意;而First lady (第一夫人)絕不能理解為漢語的原配夫人，因此在寫作中應(yīng)特別注意這類詞，否則會導(dǎo)致冒犯和誤解。由于東西方社會歷史文化的差異，許多詞所引申或代表的內(nèi)容也大相徑庭，Phoenix在西方象征“復(fù)活”、“再生”，而漢語的這一詞卻表示“祥瑞”。Peach在漢語中象征“長壽”而在英語中卻用以指代“特別討人喜愛的人或物”。又比如在表示色彩的詞中g(shù)reen是青春的顏色，常表示希望、活力，但在英語中g(shù)reen又與“妒忌”(to be green with envy，green-eyed)和“沒有經(jīng)驗的”(a green horn)聯(lián)系起來。如果沒有廣泛的閱讀積累，養(yǎng)成經(jīng)常查字典的良好習(xí)慣，單憑想當(dāng)然地選詞，勢必會詞不達(dá)意。即使同一事物，在美國和英國也可能有不同的表達(dá)。例如：corn一詞在美國指“玉米”而在英國泛指“谷物”;“地鐵”在英國用tube或underground美國則用subway。此類的例子還有pavement/sidewalk，Chemists‘shop/drug store等。
三. 托福寫作選詞技巧之注意漢英無對應(yīng)時的表達(dá)
不是所有的英語詞匯都有相應(yīng)的漢語表達(dá)，一些不同的英語詞匯也有可能用同樣的漢語來表達(dá)，這就使我們在用英語來表達(dá)思想對面臨更多選擇上的困難。比如family和home兩詞都可譯成漢語的“家”，但它們卻不是同義詞。Family主要指家庭成員，與人有關(guān)，而home主要指所居住的地點、住宅。Except和besides有時都譯成同樣的漢語“除了”，但他們的意思卻是相反的。因此我們不能依賴于單純的漢語譯意。否則我們可能會被誤導(dǎo)。盡管許多英語對應(yīng)的漢語詞匯都能表達(dá)它們真正的意思，但往往有些英語詞匯沒有準(zhǔn)確的漢語對應(yīng)詞;所以只有在不同的上下文中才能確定它們真正的意思，比如send一詞，如果單把它理解成漢語的“送”的話，象這樣的句子“她送信給我”也許會被寫成she sent me the letter.而英語準(zhǔn)確的表達(dá)應(yīng)是she brought me the letter.再如“他將送朋友去機場”，如果寫成He will send his friend to the airpot。就又錯了。正確的表達(dá)應(yīng)該是He will go to the airpot with his friend to see him off.實際上send sth to a place應(yīng)該是請別人送去，自己不去。因此，要確定我們所選的詞是否準(zhǔn)確、恰當(dāng)，單憑查詞典還不行。
托?？荚囎魑姆独焊咧猩欠駪?yīng)該經(jīng)歷間隔年
托福考試作文題目：
Students should spend at least one year working or traveling before they go to university? Do you agree or disagree? ( 2016年3月13日)
高中生應(yīng)該在上大學(xué)之前至少工作或者旅行一年，是否認(rèn)同?
思路拓展：
【間隔年之利好】
① 兼職工作可以幫助年輕人積累工作經(jīng)驗，獲得自我成就感，使他們對于社會有了更加深刻的洞察，為未來的擇業(yè)打下堅實基礎(chǔ)。
② 旅行可以開拓視野、豐富知識、結(jié)交新友，鍛煉獨立性，這些對于未來的發(fā)展是有利好的。
③ 工作和旅行提高了人的社會意識，豐富了人生的閱歷，成熟了人的心態(tài)。
【間隔年之弊端】
① 很多孩子可能沉迷工作和旅行不再回歸校園，如果這樣，間隔年就失去了它的初衷。
② 青春期是人的求知欲望最強，也是學(xué)習(xí)能力和記憶力最強的寶貴時期，高中生不應(yīng)該耽誤一年的時間遠(yuǎn)離校園而去打工或是閑逛，否則，學(xué)業(yè)就會被耽誤。
③ 高中生沒有形成核心競爭力，很難找到工作。即使是找到，也很容易被欺騙和剝削。
托?？荚囎魑姆段膮⒖迹?/p>
【首段】背景介紹 + 爭議焦點 + 作家立場
Such is human nature to explore the unknown and see the outside word，that is why a great many high school graduates are keen on traveling or working for a period of time before attending dream universities. Conflicting ideas clash in determining whether or not it is a wise idea to inspire high school leavers to experience the Grand Tour. As I see it, the merits of experiencing the gap year outshine its potential demerits.
【二段】 間隔年之利好
The most important educational benefit of taking a year off before starting university life is that traveling exposes young adults to stunning places and exotic cultures. It is one thing for teenagers to read about distant countries, but it is even better to enrich the experience of the world on one’s own. What one learns by associating with strangers and absorbing diverse cultures is something he or she could never acquire in the classrooms. For example，I made many congenial friends by self-travel to Tibet after finishing my schooling. This fantastic journey not only expanded my mind but also alleviated my stress triggered by tight academic study. Feasting my eyes on the stunning landscape really sweetened my life and lifted my spirit.
【三段】間隔年之利好
Virtually, youngsters can also become the beneficiaries of working as part-timers too. By that I mean, earning a living has a key role to play in helping one accumulate relevant working experience, train one’s crisis-solving abilities and deepen one’s insight into the society, which will lay a solid foundation for one’s future career ladder. To illustrate, via embarking on part-time jobs, I knew that money doesn’t grow on trees. Then, I studied even harder when coming back to campus.
【四段】 間隔年之弊端
Notwithstanding all that, we can never ignore the potential downsides caused by experiencing the gap year. First, the study might be delayed. Some school graduates are too immature to draw on their gap year, so they just waste time during that period and harvest nothing. Even worse, it is highly possible that some youngsters might end up never returning to campus. However，since academic qualification is extremely indispensable to every individual，my concern might seldom happen.
【尾段】再次亮明觀點 + 總結(jié)理由
In closing, my stand is that to inspire young adults to take a year off before going to college is a two-edged sword. Yet youngsters should be encouraged to challenge themselves. This is one of the best ways to mature their thoughts and chasten their characters.
—經(jīng)典語料—
1. go to university = start university life = attend university
上大學(xué)
2. earn a living = work as part-timers
謀生
3. do some sightseeing = to be well-traveled = to travel on one’s own
自己旅行
4. Such is human nature to explore the unknown
探索未知是人之本性。
5. The merits of experiencing the gap year outshine its potential demerits
經(jīng)歷間隔年的利大于弊。
6. to experience the gap year
體驗間隔年
7. take a year off to work and travel before attending dream university
升入理想大學(xué)之前，用一年的時間去工作或旅行
8. feasting my eyes on the stunning landscape
盡情欣賞迷人景色
9. really sweetened my life and lifted my spirit
使我快樂，精神振奮
10. add spice to the dull routine of everyday life
增加枯燥生活之情趣
11. lay a solid foundation for one’s future career ladder
為未來事業(yè)打下堅實基礎(chǔ)
12. money doesn’t grow on trees
賺錢很辛苦
13. notwithstanding all that
盡管如此
14. end up doing sth
以……為結(jié)局
15. be led astray
被引入迷途
16. Since academic qualification is extremely indispensable to every individual，my concern might seldom happen.
因為學(xué)歷對于每一人都很重要，我的擔(dān)憂很少會發(fā)生。
17. …… is a two-edged sword
……是一把雙刃刀
18. This is one of the best ways to mature their thoughts and chasten their characters.
這是成熟他們的思想，磨練他們的性格的最佳方式之一。
托?？荚囎魑姆独簝和?2歲之前的教育
托福考試作文題目：
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? A person's childhood years (the time from birth to twelve years of age) are the most important years of a person's life. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
參考分析：
不同意
(1)兒童在前12歲的時候還沒有學(xué)到能夠謀生的知識
(2)兒童在前12歲的時候還沒有交到最好的朋友
(3)兒童在前12歲的時候還沒有嘗到最重要的人生經(jīng)歷
托?？荚囎魑姆段膮⒖迹?/p>
It has been seen that children who get the love and support of their parents and teachers in their childhood turn out bemature and emotionally balanced teenagers and adults. On the other hand, if we look at the childhood of criminals and other anti social elements, we will find that most of them have been through tough times as children. They were deprivedof proper care and upbringing. Delinquents also have a history of abuse in their childhood many a times.
Children are always inquisitive and willingto learn. When they are provided a stimulating environment in which they can develop their talents and learn to enjoy their work, they become good citizens who are an asset to the nation. Family is the most important institution in a child'sformative years because parents are children's role models. Children develop their ethics, moral values and temperament in tune with what they see in their parents and elder siblings. The type of personality that a child develops isdifficult to change later.
So I firmly believe that childhood is a vital part of a person's life that plays an important role in shaping his future.
英語寫作相關(guān)文章：
★ 英語作文
托福寫作詞匯有哪些使用技巧
