托福寫作思路從積累托福語料做起
很多同學(xué)在學(xué)習(xí)托福寫作中經(jīng)常沒思路，看見題目就已經(jīng)蒙了，今天小編給大家?guī)砹送懈懽魉悸窂姆e累托福語料做起,希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
托福寫作思路從積累托福語料做起
First，請(qǐng)各位3分鐘時(shí)間默讀下面的文段(以下范文出自KYLE DeNUCCIO 不同顏色的詞請(qǐng)重點(diǎn)關(guān)注)
①Financial literacy is the ability to use knowledge and skills to make effective and informed money management decisions. Gaining the knowledge and developing the skills to become financially literate is a lifelong process that begins with something as simple as putting a few pennies in a piggy bank, and evolves to more advanced subjects such as risk and asset allocation.
②Because financial literacy is not emphasized in the education system - less than half the states have any financial literacy requirements for grades K-12, and only four states require high school students to take personal finance classes - most kids lack the necessary knowledge and skills to become financially responsible adults. The President's Advisory Council on Financial Literacy wrote in its 2008 Annual Report to the President: "By almost any measure, today's school children are ill-equipped to understand personal finance and make their way in the modern financial world. Their rising debt and debt problems, along with their poor inclination to save, substantiate what the test scores show. Meanwhile, most students still graduate from high school without any formal classroom education in personal finance."
③There is now - especially following the global financial crisis that began in 2008 - a growing interest in requiring more personal finance classes in the K-12 setting. Ben Bernanke, Chairman of the Federal Reserve System has stated that, "One of the key lessons of the recent financial crisis is the importance of personal financial literacy. Besides improving their personal financial decision making, teaching students economic principles will help them as citizens understand and make choices about many of the critical issues confronting our nation."
④Despite this recognition, most things money are still taught at home, where the role of financial educator falls primarily on parents, guardians and other adults in the home. For many adults, however, talking about money is akin to talking about other provocative subjects. Unsure of where to begin and worried about saying the wrong thing, many adults simply avoid conversations about money. This is often made worse by adults' lack of confidence in their own handling of finances. It is important for adults to remember that, even if they are not financial rock stars themselves, they have experience and perspective on their sides, and can draw both from their financial mistakes and successes to share essential knowledge and skills to their children. It starts with a conversation.
⑤In our first guide, Teaching Financial Literacy To Kids, we introduced concepts that are appropriate for the youngest learners, such as the difference between needs and wants.(細(xì)節(jié)!!) / In part two of the series, Teaching Financial Literacy To Tweens, we covered intermediate topics, including income and expenses, saving for long-term goals and entrepreneurship. / In this tutorial, designed especially for teaching teens, we introduce the more advanced topics suitable for teenagers, including budgeting, credit and debt, money management and investing.(細(xì)節(jié)!!)(473words)
讀完了是不是有一種“好高大上啊” 我寫不出來啊，沒關(guān)系哈來下面BOMB老師幫你“庖丁解牛” 請(qǐng)動(dòng)筆“記” 光看沒用，快拿筆!
1.Financial literacy ：翻譯成中文的話就類似“理財(cái)?shù)哪芰Α?/p>
e.g.：Financial literacy is the ability to use knowledge and skills to make effective money management decisions, so children are obliged to get informed about.
理財(cái)是一種使用知識(shí)和技能的能力去做出高效的金錢管理決定，所以孩子務(wù)必要去了解。
literate：有文化的，會(huì)讀寫的
illiterate：文盲的
2.informed decisions： 明智的決定 類似表達(dá)比如 smart move/sound decision
e.g.：School authorities might make an informed decision to put in a vast majority of money to hire famous teachers after researching hundreds of students’s needs.
校方在調(diào)查了百名學(xué)生的需求后做出個(gè)明智的決定，就是去投入大量的資金雇傭教師。
3.lifelong process：一輩子的事兒
e.g.： Marriage is a lifelong process that we have to think twice to make an informed decision.
婚姻是個(gè)一輩子的事兒，我們要認(rèn)真考慮以便做出個(gè)明智的決定。
4.putting a few pennies in a piggy bank：把零錢裝進(jìn)存錢罐
“piggy bank”表示零錢罐，penny 一便士
5.asset allocation ：資產(chǎn)分配
e.g.：Confronting financial crisis, government has to implement a proper asset allocation policy to avoid repeat financial depression.
面臨資產(chǎn)危機(jī)的時(shí)候，政府必須要實(shí)施合適的資產(chǎn)分配政策來防止周而復(fù)始的經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條。
6.be emphasized in: 被重視
e.g.：The mindset of "problem-solving" and “thinking-critically “ should be emphasized in the construction of teenagers teaching curricular.
“解決問題”和“批判性思考”的思維應(yīng)該在青少年教學(xué)課程建設(shè)中被強(qiáng)強(qiáng)調(diào)。
7.require sb to do：要求某人做某事(一般與學(xué)生搭配在一起使用更佳)
e.g.：School should require students to attend to some extracurricular activities to strengthen their social abilities.
學(xué)校應(yīng)該要求學(xué)生參加一些課外活動(dòng)去加強(qiáng)他們的社交能力。
8.financially responsible adults：經(jīng)濟(jì)上有責(zé)任感的成年人
e.g.：In order to become financially responsible adults, children are supposed to engage in different finance-related activities to acquire more practical skills on issues of money autonomy.
為了成為經(jīng)濟(jì)上獨(dú)立的成年人，孩子應(yīng)該參與不同的與經(jīng)濟(jì)有關(guān)的活動(dòng)去獲得更多的實(shí)用的技能在金錢自理的問題上。
9.be ill-equipped to：表示”做某事沒有準(zhǔn)備好“ ”缺乏某種能力“
e.g.：Parents are ill-equipped to understand their children and put in less faith in them such as restricting their money spent on entertainment; limiting their time spent on watching TV, and even prohibiting their freedom to choose majors.
父母未能很好的理解孩子并且對(duì)孩子有很少的信任，比如限制他們花在娛樂上的錢,限制他們花在看電視上的時(shí)間,甚至禁止他們選擇專業(yè)的自由。
10.have poor inclination to ：表示有做不好的事情的不良傾向
e.g.：Children, especially for those rebellious adolescents, tend to have poor inclination to crime, so they should be guided in a right way by their parents.
孩子,特別是那些叛逆的青少年,往往有犯罪的傾向,所以他們應(yīng)該被他們的父母用正確的方法引導(dǎo)。
11.show a growing interest in：表示在某方面展現(xiàn)興趣
e.g.：Talent kids tend to show a growing interest in tackling difficult problems.
有天賦的孩子往往在解決難題上有很多的興趣。
12.fall primarily on：主要屬于某人/主要落在誰身上
e.g.：To address environmental problems, the duties will fall primarily on three aspects : governments ;individuals and small businesses.
為了解決環(huán)境問題,責(zé)任將主要在三個(gè)方面:政府、個(gè)人和小企業(yè)。
13.is akin to: 與某事某物相似
e.g.： Friendship is akin to love.
愛人者，人恒愛之。
14.provocative subjects：刺激的話題/爭(zhēng)議的話題
e.g.：How to achieve a sense of happiness has long been the provocative subjects which are often discussed among scholars.
如何擁有幸福感一直是一個(gè)有爭(zhēng)議的并被學(xué)者討論的話題。
15.on one’s sides：就某人而言/支持某人/站在某人那邊
e.g.：On my side, finance-related issues should be emphasized in the education of kids.
在我看來，與金錢有關(guān)的問題應(yīng)該在小孩的教育中被重視。
16.share essential knowledge and skills to ：分享重要的知識(shí)技能給某人
e.g.：Teachers should share essential knowledge and skills to teenagers who are eager to learn and improve their abilities.
托福寫作熱點(diǎn)話題解析:與孩子分享
Which one of the following values is the most significant to share with a young kid (5-10 years old)?
A being helpful
B being honest
C being well organized
拿到這道題目以后同學(xué)們會(huì)選擇哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)呢?
下面我們來分析一下這道題目：
這道題目為一道“三選一”類題型，在回答這種題型的時(shí)候考生們可以不用寫最令人頭疼的讓步段。刨除開頭和結(jié)尾段，主體段的寫作可以圍繞著所選選項(xiàng)的優(yōu)勢(shì)和不選擇的選項(xiàng)的弊端進(jìn)行展開。針對(duì)于這道題做題比較多的同學(xué)會(huì)根據(jù)“題感”選擇A和C 這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)，此時(shí)選擇C選項(xiàng)的同學(xué)表示不服。吼吼~ 同學(xué)們先不要著急，因?yàn)槲覀兘裉煲v的分論點(diǎn)構(gòu)思方法可以適用于這三個(gè)選項(xiàng)。
在審閱這道題目時(shí)，同學(xué)們應(yīng)該首當(dāng)其沖看到一些關(guān)鍵詞“5-10 years old”。當(dāng)題目當(dāng)中出現(xiàn)一些表示特定時(shí)間段的詞匯時(shí)，建議同學(xué)們使用“換時(shí)間點(diǎn)”法。所謂的換時(shí)間點(diǎn)法就是將文章主體段按照時(shí)間節(jié)點(diǎn)劃分為兩段。一段立足于當(dāng)下，一段立足于未來。
例如：A選項(xiàng)所提到的helpful就可以用這種方法進(jìn)行寫作。第一段針對(duì)當(dāng)下時(shí)間段的主題句可以寫為：小孩子在5-10 歲之間養(yǎng)成樂于助人的品質(zhì)可以使孩子們?cè)诎嗬锝Y(jié)交到更多的朋友。第二段針對(duì)未來時(shí)間段的主題句可以寫為：孩子小的時(shí)候養(yǎng)成樂于助人的習(xí)慣在未來會(huì)成為一個(gè)有責(zé)任感的人。同時(shí)B和C 選項(xiàng)也可以使用這樣的方法進(jìn)行論證?，F(xiàn)在這篇文章看起來是不是更容易展開了呢?
同樣的題型還有：
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
In order to become financially responsible adults, children should learn to manage their own money at young age. Use specific reason and examples to support your answer.
在分析這道題目的時(shí)候我們要看到一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞“at young age”。這道題目所問的“為了使孩子成長(zhǎng)為一個(gè)對(duì)自身經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況負(fù)責(zé)任的年輕人，應(yīng)該在孩子小的時(shí)候就讓孩子學(xué)習(xí)理財(cái)。”如果這道題目沒有了關(guān)鍵詞“at young age”，題意就會(huì)變?yōu)椤盀榱耸购⒆映蔀閷?duì)自己經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況負(fù)責(zé)的年輕人，應(yīng)該讓孩子們學(xué)習(xí)理財(cái)”，同時(shí)這道題目就失去了可討論性，既然是一中貫穿終生的能力當(dāng)然應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)。
所以，通過上述分析，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，這道題目討論的重點(diǎn)在“at young age”上面。因?yàn)楹⒆幽昙o(jì)小，因此有些人會(huì)分析道：1由于孩子年齡小手頭沒有太多金錢，即使學(xué)習(xí)了理財(cái)也沒有意義 2 小孩子的主業(yè)是學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)習(xí)理財(cái)會(huì)浪費(fèi)本應(yīng)該用在學(xué)習(xí)上的時(shí)間。與之相反，當(dāng)思考到“應(yīng)該讓孩子從小學(xué)習(xí)理財(cái)”這個(gè)論點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，同學(xué)們會(huì)出現(xiàn)詞窮的現(xiàn)象，多數(shù)同學(xué)只能想到“由于理財(cái)是一個(gè)貫穿終生的技能，因此應(yīng)該從小學(xué)習(xí)”。此時(shí)，推薦同學(xué)們使用“換時(shí)間點(diǎn)”法。首段我們可以去分析一下小時(shí)候?qū)W習(xí)理財(cái)對(duì)孩子小時(shí)候就產(chǎn)生的立竿見影的好處。比如：在孩子小的時(shí)候?qū)W習(xí)理財(cái)就可以幫助孩子們養(yǎng)成不亂花錢的習(xí)慣。第二段去分析一下小時(shí)候?qū)W習(xí)理財(cái)對(duì)孩子長(zhǎng)大后產(chǎn)生的好處。比如: 年少時(shí)就學(xué)習(xí)過理財(cái)?shù)暮⒆颖绕鹉切╅L(zhǎng)大后才學(xué)會(huì)理財(cái)?shù)暮⒆右獡碛懈S富的理財(cái)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，可以避免重大投資理財(cái)失敗等等。
因此，綜上所述，當(dāng)同學(xué)們?cè)陬}目當(dāng)中看到有表示特殊時(shí)間點(diǎn)的關(guān)鍵詞時(shí)，推薦大家使用“換時(shí)間點(diǎn)”法。希望這個(gè)方法可以幫助同學(xué)們更順利地完成獨(dú)立寫作。
托福寫作解析：托福寫作考什么
當(dāng)你在外留學(xué)時(shí)，你需要清晰并有組織地回答關(guān)于寫作部分的問題。今天，我們將對(duì)考試的寫作部分進(jìn)行更進(jìn)一步的研究，你將在一個(gè)學(xué)術(shù)環(huán)境下進(jìn)行一場(chǎng)英語寫作測(cè)試。
寫作部分概述
時(shí)限：50 分鐘
問題：2 個(gè)任務(wù)
任務(wù)：在閱讀與聽力任務(wù)的基礎(chǔ)上寫出文章;并在寫作中表述你支持的觀點(diǎn)。
寫作部分由兩個(gè)任務(wù)組成：綜合寫作與獨(dú)立寫作。讓我們簡(jiǎn)單地了解下各個(gè)任務(wù)：
綜合寫作任務(wù)
綜合寫作任務(wù)包括閱讀、聽力與寫作。你將閱讀一篇關(guān)于學(xué)術(shù)性話題的短文，然后在聽力部分你將聽到一名演講者從不同的觀點(diǎn)討論同樣的主題。最后，你需要用英文對(duì)聽力材料中的要點(diǎn)寫下總結(jié)，文章需體現(xiàn)它們是如何與閱讀材料中的要點(diǎn)相關(guān)聯(lián)。
獨(dú)立寫作任務(wù)
獨(dú)立寫作任務(wù)測(cè)試你依據(jù)自身的經(jīng)歷與知識(shí)寫作的能力。你需要完成一篇寫作，就某個(gè)議題闡述與支持你的觀點(diǎn)。這里的關(guān)鍵是要以具體細(xì)節(jié)來支持你的觀點(diǎn)或選擇。文章字?jǐn)?shù)達(dá)到 300 字左右才為有效。
我們希望這能幫助你更好的了解寫作部分。請(qǐng)別忘了查閱隨后的博文，我將在其中詳細(xì)說明具體的寫作問題。
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