雅思閱讀短期沖刺方法

陳鈴1147由分享時(shí)間：2020-09-02 11:19:40

很多考生在報(bào)考雅思之前，復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)間都非常緊迫。下面小編給大家?guī)砹搜潘奸喿x短期暴走沖刺方法，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧

雅思閱讀短期暴走沖刺方法

解題順序和時(shí)間分配

在雅思閱讀中，解題順序是很關(guān)鍵的一步，很多考生及其容易忽略這一點(diǎn)，導(dǎo)致很多考生在考場上時(shí)間分配不合理，耽誤了整個(gè)閱讀考試的進(jìn)程，不少考生在考場上的第三篇文章基本都是連蒙帶猜做出來的，正確率非常之慘淡。所以，拿到一篇雅思閱讀文章后：

第一步：看文章標(biāo)題

很多文章我們在看完文章標(biāo)題以后就能夠結(jié)合常識(shí)對文章的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行合理預(yù)測。比如：let’s go bats 這篇文章，我們就能確定首先文章是在講蝙蝠這種動(dòng)物。而關(guān)于蝙蝠大家都知道的特點(diǎn)就是在夜晚活動(dòng)和狩獵，喜歡生活在陰暗潮濕環(huán)境，知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備好一點(diǎn)的學(xué)生可能還會(huì)聯(lián)想到聲波。所以，文章里自然講的東西也不會(huì)偏離太遠(yuǎn)。其次，在文章里遇到的不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞，可以往這個(gè)話題上靠攏，比如：sonar ，radar(聲納和雷達(dá))，就是跟蝙蝠的聲波有關(guān)的概念。

第二步：看文章引言

雅思閱讀有一些文章是有引言的，引言一般和標(biāo)題正文的字體都不一樣?；居幸韵?個(gè)作用：a 文章內(nèi)容簡介 7-P89 b 文章背景介紹 8-P26 c 答案來源 8-P50

看引言能夠幫考生在最短時(shí)間內(nèi)了解文章的大概內(nèi)容，減少閱讀過程中的障礙

第三步：看題目

很多考生在拿到閱讀文章后會(huì)習(xí)慣性地先粗略地看一遍文章或者文章段落的首末句，而這個(gè)時(shí)候一般收效甚微，因?yàn)闀?huì)遇到單詞困境，所以，比較推薦是先去看題目，搞清楚題目里要考的內(nèi)容，在閱讀過程中有意識(shí)地去尋找對應(yīng)的答案，效率更高。

而在7-1-1這篇文章的選取中，我們應(yīng)該重點(diǎn)關(guān)注6-9和10-13這兩大類題型。因?yàn)?-9是集中型的題目，定位的答案相對靠近，都在文章的D段，在讀原文的過程中，會(huì)更容易定位，而且我們知道所有題目都和facial version 相關(guān)，大大縮小了定位范圍。10-13題，這種句子填空題一般是按照原文先后順序出現(xiàn)的，在E段里面一次出現(xiàn)了相關(guān)內(nèi)容。這樣定位相對更有規(guī)律，而且基本每個(gè)題目都出現(xiàn)了sonar和radar這兩個(gè)概念，所以，考生只需在讀原文的過程中去關(guān)注和這兩個(gè)概念相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，再結(jié)合每個(gè)題目里的關(guān)鍵詞，就比較容易解決。而相反最靠前的1-5題反而是最難定位的段落細(xì)節(jié)配對題，完全在原文亂序又分散，這種題目建議考生在把其他題目完成之后，借助原文和對其他題目的理解再來進(jìn)行定位，可以節(jié)約不少時(shí)間。

第四步:閱讀原文

在閱讀原文的過程中，重點(diǎn)放在容易定位的題目上，因?yàn)榧词乖诳床惶牡那闆r下，考生還是可以根據(jù)題目的關(guān)鍵詞和定位規(guī)律快速定位。集中就聯(lián)系上下文，正序就從前到后，這種題目相對更容易。

所以，簡言之，考生在考場上的做題順序并非按照出題順序來做，而是應(yīng)該按照定位的難易程度來做，要在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)把我們能夠拿分的題目先做完，即：容易定位的題目一定要先做，不容易定位的放在最后做。

雅思閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)真題解析--The dugong: sea cow(海牛)

The dugong: sea cow(海牛)

Dugongs are herbivorous mammals that spend their entire lives in the sea. Their close relatives the manatees also venture into or live in fresh water. Together dugongs and manatees make up the order Sirenia (海牛目口物) or sea cows, so-named because dugongs and manatees are thought to have given rise to the myth of the mermaids or sirens (女巫) of the sea.

AThe dugong, which is a large marine mammal which, together with the manatees, looks rather like a cross between a rotund dolphin and a walrus. Its body, flippers and fluke resemble those of a dolphin but it has no dorsal fin. Its head looks somewhat like that of a walrus without the long tusks.

BDugongs, along with other Sirenians whose diet consists mainly of sea-grass; and the distribution of dugongs very closely follows that of these marine flowering plants. As seagrasses grow rooted in the sediment, they are limited by the availability of light. Consequently they are found predominantly in shallow coastal waters, and so too are dugongs. But, this is not the whole story. Dugongs do not eat all species of seagrass, preferring seagrass of higher nitrogen and lower fibre content.

CDue to their poor eyesight, dugongs often use smell to locate edible plants. They also have a strong tactile sense, and feel their surroundings with their long sensitive bristles. They will dig up an entire plant and then shake it to remove the sand before eating it. They have been known to collect a pile of plants in one area before eating them. The flexible and muscular upper lip is used to dig out the plants. When eating they ingest the whole plant, including the roots, although when this is impossible they will feed on just the leaves. A wide variety of seagrass has been found in dugong stomach contents, and evidence exists they will eat algae when seagrass is scarce. Although almost completely herbivorous,they will occasionally eat invertebrates such as jellyfish, sea squirts, and shellfish.

DA heavily grazed seagrass bed looks like a lawn mown by a drunk. Dugongs graze apparently at random within a seagrass bed, their trails meandering in all directions across the bottom. This is rather an inefficient means of removing seagrass that results in numerous small tufts remaining. And this is where the dugongs derive some advantage from their inefficiency. The species that recover most quickly from this disturbance, spreading out vegetatively from the remaining tufts, are those that dugongs like to cat. In addition, the new growth found in these areas tends to be exactly what hungry dugongs like.

EDugongs are semi-nomadic, often travelling long distances in search of food, but staying within a certain range their entire life. Large numbers often move together from one area to another. It is thought that these movements are caused by changes in seagrass availability. Their memory allows them to return to specific points after long travels. Dugong movements mostly occur within a localised area of seagrass beds, and animals in the same region show individualistic patterns of movement.

FRecorded numbers of dugongs are generally believed to be lower than actual numbers, due to a lack of accurate surveys. Despite this, the dugong population is thought to be shrinking, with a worldwide decline of 20 per cent in the last 90 years. They have disappeared from the waters of Hong Kong, Mauritius, and Taiwan, as well as parts of Cambodia, Japan, the Philippines and Vietnam. Further disappearances are likely. (In the late 1960s, herds of up to 500 dugongs were observed off the coast of East Africa and nearby islands However, current populations in this area are extremely small, numbering 50 and below, and it is thought likely they will become extinct. The eastern side of the Red Sea is the home of large populations numbering in the hundreds, and similar populations are thought to exist on the western side. In the 1980s, it was estimated there could be as many as 4,000 dugongs in the Red Sea. The Persian Gulf has the second-largest dugong population in the world, inhabiting most of the southern coast, and the current population is believed to be around 7,500. Australia is home to the largest population, stretching from Shark Bay in Western Australia to Moreton Bay in Queensland. The population of Shark Bay is thought to be stable with over 10,000 dugongs.)

GExperience from various parts of northern Australia suggests that Extreme weather such as cyclones and floods can destroy hundreds of square kilometres of seagrass meadows, as well as washing dugongs ashore. The recovery of seagrass meadows and the spread of seagrass into new areas, or areas where it has been destroyed, can take over a decade. For example, about 900 km2 of seagrass was lost in Hervey Bay in 1992, probably because of murky water from flooding of local rivers, and run-off turbulence from a cyclone three weeks later. Such events can cause extensive damage to seagrass communities through severe wave action, shifting sand and reduction in saltiness and light levels. Prior to the 1992 floods, the extensive seagrasses in Hervey Bay supported an estimated 1750 dugongs. Eight months after the floods the affected area was estimated to support only about 70 dugongs. Most animals presumably survived by moving to neighbouring areas. However, many died attempting to move to greener pastures, with emaciated carcasses washing up on beaches up to 900km away.

HIf dugongs do not get enough to eat they may calve later and produce fewer young. Food shortages can be caused by many factors, such as a loss of habitat, death and decline in quality of seagrass, and a disturbance of feeding caused by human activity. Sewage, detergents, heavy metal, hypersaline water, herbicides, and other waste products all negatively affect seagrass meadows. Human activity such as mining, trawling, dredging, land-reclamation, and boat propeller scarring also cause an increase in sedimentation which smothers seagrass and prevents light from reaching it. This is the most significant negative factor affecting seagrass. One of the dugong's preferred species of seagrass, Halophila ovalis, declines rapidly due to lack of light, dying completely after 30 days.

IDespite being legally protected in many countries, the main causes of population decline remain anthropogenic and include hunting,

habitat degradation, and fishing-related fatalities. Entanglement in fishing nets has caused many deaths, although there are no precise statistics. Most issues with industrial fishing occur in deeper waters where dugong populations are low, with local fishing being the main risk in shallower waters.

Questions 1-4

Summary

Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using no more than two words from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.

Dugongs are herbivorous mammals that spend their entire lives in the sea. Yet Dugongs are picky on their feeding seagrass, and only chose seagrass with higher 1 and lower fibre. To compensate for their poor eyesight, they use their 2 to feel their surroundings.

It is like Dugongs are "farming" seagrass. They often leave 3 randomly in all directions across the sea bed. Dugongs prefer eating the newly grew seagrass recovering from the tiny 4 left behind by the grazing dugongs.

Questions 5-9

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?

In boxes 5-9 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement is true

FALSE if the statement is false

NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage

5 The dugong will keep eating up the plant completely when they begin to feed

6 It takes more than ten years for the re-growth of seagrass where it has been only grazed by Dugongs.

7 Even in facing food shortages, the strong individuals will not compete with weak small ones for food.

8 It is thought that the dugong rarely return to the old habitats when they finished plant.

9 Coastal industrial fishing poses the greatest danger to dugongs which are prone to be killed due to entanglement.

Questions 10-13

Answer the questions below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A

NUMBER from the passage for each answer.

10 What is Dugong in resemblance to yet as people can easily tell them apart from the manatees by the fins in its back?

11 What is the major reason as Dugongs travelled long distances in herds from one place to another?

12 What number, has estimated to be, of dugong' population before the 1 992 floods in Hervey Bay took place?

13 What is thought to be the lethal danger when dugongs were often trapped in?

文章題目：Dugong: sea cow

篇章結(jié)構(gòu)

體裁

說明文

題目

海牛

結(jié)構(gòu)

引入

（一句話概括每段大意）

儒艮和海牛的關(guān)系

儒艮概述簡介

儒艮的棲息地

儒艮視力差，靠嗅和觸覺覺定位食物

儒艮吃海草的路徑隨機(jī)

儒艮是半游牧的

儒艮的存活量低

澳大利亞地區(qū)的儒艮生活情況

儒艮是食物短缺原因

儒艮數(shù)量的減少是人類因素導(dǎo)致

參考譯文：

儒艮：海牛

儒艮是終生生活在海里的食草哺乳動(dòng)物，它們的近親是海牛，海牛有時(shí)還會(huì)進(jìn)入淡水生活。儒艮和海牛構(gòu)成了海牛目，或者說都稱為海牛，之所以這么叫它們，是因?yàn)樗鼈儽灰暈楹兔廊唆~或是海里的女巫的神話有關(guān)。

儒艮是大型海洋哺乳動(dòng)物，和海牛一樣，外形看起來很像是介于圓圓胖胖的海豚和海象之間，它的身體，鰭和爪子都很像海豚（dolphin）,但是它沒有背鰭，它的頭看起來像是沒有長牙的海象。（第10題）

儒艮和其它海牛目動(dòng)物一樣，主要以海草為食，所以它們的分布和海洋開花植物的分布很相似。因?yàn)楹２萆诔恋碇校运鼈兊纳L會(huì)受到光線的限制，導(dǎo)致它們主要是生長在淺水里，所以儒艮也主要是這些地方生活。但是情況還不只是這樣，儒艮并不是什么海草都吃，而是片好吃含氮量（nitrogen）豐富纖維含量低的海草（第1題）

因?yàn)槿弭薜囊暳懿?，所以它們通常通過嗅覺來定位可食用的植物，同時(shí)它還有很敏銳的觸覺，通過自己長長的貓（sensitive bristle）來感知周圍的環(huán)境。（第2題）它們會(huì)將整個(gè)植物連根拔起，然后在吃之前將上面的沙子抖掉。據(jù)說它們還會(huì)在吃之前，將整個(gè)區(qū)域的海草都拔下來摞起來。它們靈活的充滿肌肉的上嘴唇就是用來挖植物的，在吃海草的時(shí)候，它們會(huì)將整個(gè)海草都吞下去，包括根部，如果沒有辦法獲得整個(gè)的植物，它們就會(huì)只吃葉子。儒艮的胃里常常會(huì)有各式各樣的海草，并且有證據(jù)表明，在海草不夠吃的時(shí)候，它們還會(huì)吃海藻。盡管它們基本上算是食草動(dòng)物，但是它們偶爾也會(huì)吃無脊椎動(dòng)物比如說海蜇，海鞘還有貝殼類動(dòng)物。

被吃光的海草林看起來就像是醉漢割過的草坪。儒艮會(huì)在一片海草林上隨意地食用，它們的路徑（trails）會(huì)隨機(jī)朝各個(gè)方向（第3題），這是一個(gè)很沒有效率的采食方法，常常會(huì)落下一小叢（tuft）的海草。（第4題）當(dāng)然這樣隨意的進(jìn)食也是有好處的，被吃過的植物很快就會(huì)從沒吃到的部分迅速恢復(fù)生長。（第5題）此外，新長出來的海草往往正好是饑餓的儒艮喜歡吃的。

儒艮是半游牧的，經(jīng)常會(huì)不遠(yuǎn)千里去尋找食物（food shortage）,但是一生會(huì)在一定的范圍內(nèi)活動(dòng)。很多儒艮會(huì)一起從一個(gè)地方游到另一個(gè)地方，這種行為被認(rèn)為是由海草的可獲得性決定的。它們的記憶力可以幫助它們在長途跋涉之后回到最初的地方，它們一般會(huì)在當(dāng)?shù)氐暮２萘謪^(qū)域活動(dòng)，而同一個(gè)區(qū)域的動(dòng)物有各自獨(dú)特的遷徙類型。（第11題，第8題）

記錄在案的儒艮一般被認(rèn)為是少于實(shí)際存活的，因?yàn)闆]有準(zhǔn)確的調(diào)查。盡管如此，儒艮的數(shù)量也在不斷地減少，在過去的90年里全球范圍內(nèi)的儒艮的數(shù)量減少了20%。在香港，毛里求斯和臺(tái)灣以及柬埔寨，日本，菲律賓和越南的海域已經(jīng)看不到儒艮了。其它海域這樣的情況也在發(fā)生。（在1960年代末，約500頭的儒艮在東非和近海島嶼被發(fā)現(xiàn)，但是該區(qū)域現(xiàn)在的儒艮數(shù)量已經(jīng)變得很少，不足50頭，而且可能會(huì)要滅絕。紅海的東部被視為儒艮的家，有幾百頭儒艮在那里生活，紅海西部也有差不多數(shù)量的儒艮。但是到了1980年代，據(jù)估計(jì)紅海一共只有4000頭儒艮。波斯灣有全世界第二大數(shù)量的儒艮，主要生活在南海岸，現(xiàn)存大約7500頭。）澳大利亞也有很大數(shù)量的儒艮，從西澳的鯊魚灣到昆士蘭的莫頓灣，鯊魚灣的儒艮數(shù)量穩(wěn)定在10，000頭以上。

澳大利亞北部的不同地方都有著極端的天氣，比如說旋風(fēng)和洪水，這些可以摧毀數(shù)百平方公里的海草牧場，也會(huì)將儒艮沖到岸上。而這些被毀壞的草場重新在新的區(qū)域或是在原來被毀壞的地方恢復(fù)生長需要十年以上的時(shí)間。比方說，1992年，Hervey灣可能是由于當(dāng)?shù)睾恿鞣簽E的洪水以及3周后旋風(fēng)帶來的湍流，造成大約有900平方公里的海草受到了破壞。這些的事件會(huì)通過巨大的海浪，卷起的沙子，海洋鹽度的降低以及光線的減弱等對海草造成大面積的破壞。在1992年洪水之前，Hervey灣的海草可供大約1750頭儒艮食用（第12題），但是8個(gè)月后，這個(gè)洪水泛濫的區(qū)域只能養(yǎng)活約70頭儒艮。許多動(dòng)物都通過遷移到臨近的區(qū)域保存生命，但是還是有很多的在嘗試到達(dá)更加豐茂的牧場之前死亡了，最后虛弱的尸體被沖到了岸上900公里的地方。

如果儒艮沒有足夠的吃的，他們可能會(huì)晚些產(chǎn)仔，并且減少產(chǎn)仔數(shù)量。食物短缺可能是由多方面的因素造成的，比如說棲息地的喪失，高品質(zhì)海草的死亡以及數(shù)量的減少，還有由于人類活動(dòng)的干擾。污水，清潔劑，重金屬，超鹽性的海水，除藻劑以及其它的廢棄物都對海草牧場造成負(fù)面的影響。人類活動(dòng)比如說采礦，用網(wǎng)捕魚，挖掘，土地開墾以及船上的螺旋槳等都會(huì)增加沉淀的形成，這會(huì)使海草窒息也會(huì)減弱光線的照射阻礙其生長，這是造成海草減少最重要的原因。儒艮最喜歡的一種海草叫做Halophila ovalis, 由于光照不足會(huì)快速減少，在30天后會(huì)完全死亡。（第7題）

盡管在很多國家都有立法保護(hù)儒艮，但是造成其數(shù)量減少的主要原因都是人類引起的，包括捕殺，棲息地的破壞以及捕魚相關(guān)的活動(dòng)造成的死亡。（第9題）被漁網(wǎng)纏住是造成很多儒艮死亡的原因，盡管對此并沒有準(zhǔn)確的數(shù)量統(tǒng)計(jì)。許多和工業(yè)化捕撈有關(guān)的活動(dòng)是在深水區(qū)完成的，哪里的儒艮數(shù)量不大，在淺水區(qū)的捕魚行為會(huì)造成儒艮的大量死亡。因?yàn)槿弭薏荒茉谒麓荛L時(shí)間，它們很容易被漁網(wǎng)（fishing net）纏住致死。（第13題）使用的捕殺鯊魚的網(wǎng)曾在歷史上造成大量儒艮的死亡，造成很多海域消失，取而代之的是裝著誘餌的魚鉤。

Version 20503 主題海牛

Nitrogen

sensitive bristles

trails

tufts

TRUE

FALSE

NOT GIVEN

FALSE

NOT GIVEN

Dolphin

seagrass