雅思閱讀高分必備技之同義詞替換原則妙用

同義詞替換原則妙用， 雅思閱讀高分必備技。小編給大家?guī)砹搜潘奸喿x正確答題順序，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

同義詞替換原則妙用 雅思閱讀高分必備技

雅思閱讀同義替換都有哪些形式?

1. 同義詞/近義詞替換

同義詞替換是指考題與原文中的關鍵內容用同義詞進行一種互換。

比如：lead to -> result in, reason-> factor, effect -> impact, army -> military等等。這種替換最為直接， 也是最容易識別的。

然后， 許多考生頭腦里的詞匯往往都是獨立存在， 沒有進行任何的歸類總結， 即使是最容易識別的替換， 往往也會與之失之交臂。因此， 每當我在帶來考生做閱讀題時， 我都會讓他們把每一道題答案的出處標記出來， 仔細對比題目和原文之間的替換，把同義詞近義詞整理在一起， 便于復習記憶。 見得多了， 考生就會掌握這種“雅思風”的替換原則， 形成高效的題感。

2. 詞性發(fā)生改變。

詞性替換主要是指題目中的關鍵信息與原文中的內容詞性發(fā)生了變化。這樣的替換相對來說，難度系數(shù)偏低，只需要考生能夠識別出相同的詞根即可。如劍橋4中有一道段落小標題配對中， 出現(xiàn)了形容詞和名詞之間的轉換。

3. 同類詞替換。

同類詞替換是指，原文和題目中出現(xiàn)的替換詞， 不屬于同義詞， 但是彼此是包含關系。 比如military這個詞出現(xiàn)的頻率非常高， 經(jīng)常被替換成battlefield, weapon，war，這些詞和military意思并不相近，但都跟軍事有關，他們屬于同一范疇，有包含關系。

4.主動轉被動。

主動語態(tài)轉被動語， 這種替換其實特別容易識別，建議考生但凡看到題目中出現(xiàn)了被動語態(tài)， 馬上就要條件反射預想到文章中會出現(xiàn)主動語態(tài)。 比如劍橋4中的一道summary：

題目：In the experiment described in Part 2, a set of word 33 was used to investigate whether...

原文：We gave a list of twenty pairs of words to ....

這里原文提到的我們給出的東西其實就是題目中所說的被用來做調查的東西， 只是在甄選填寫哪個單詞時要留意list=set， pair of words=word pairs， 因此答案就是pairs。

5. 上下義詞的替換。

所謂上下義，是指替換的詞語之間通常有一種總分關系。上義詞表示該詞是一種概括，下義詞則是將該詞具體化。這類替換出現(xiàn)在段落配對題較多，小標題里給的是一個較大范圍概括類的詞語，而原文中出現(xiàn)的卻是具體或者細節(jié)的信息，考察考生對這兩者之間從屬關系的配對。

例如劍橋4中Volcano這篇文章， 有一個標題選項是Volcanoes and the features of our planet. 其對應的段落中則出現(xiàn)了made stable atmosphere, provided water for the oceans, rivers and ice-caps, rifted continents, raised mountain chains, constructed island and shaped the topography of the earth. 此處our planet就是earth， features指的就是大氣，大洲， 島嶼等等。很顯然這個段落講述的就是火山與地球的特點之間的關系。

如何妙用雅思閱讀同義替換原則?

雖然同義替換在閱讀中給考生設置了許多障礙，但是倘若考生能夠用心觀察積累這些同義替換， 反而可以充分利用雅思的這一“替換”原則，在文章并非完全看懂的情況下，仍然高效率的找出答案。比如：在填空類的題目中考生只要能夠識別空格前后實詞的同義替換，往往就可以輕松找到答案。

此處可見， 題目和原文幾乎是一一對應的替換， 因此， 即使有不認識的單詞也沒有關系。

所以想做好雅思閱讀就要做大量積累。做過的閱讀題，一定要把題目和原文之間的對應關系劃出，仔細比對歸類，標出替換類型，讀題時可以對于替換方式做一些預判。

雅思閱讀小范圍預測

題目：the treetop research

題材：科技類

題型：段落匹配5+人名配對5+填空2

文章大意：

類似原文及題目僅供參考

What is the TreeTop Barbie project?

TreeTop Barbie was designed to inspire youth - especially young girls - to become aware of the field of the forest canopy. She is a real Barbie doll, but wears hand-tailored clothes that are modeled on real field clothes and climbing gear, including a field guide to canopy plants and animals (both Barbie- and human-sized). The TreeTop Barbie package includes the doll and a personal letter from Barbie about forests and their importance to people.

What issues does this project address?

TreeTop Barbie can serve as a role model to encourage young girls in directions that are alternatives to the mainstream Barbie doll and what she represents in our society. TreeTop Barbie and her accompanying educational materials also provide a link between youth and an exciting part of the natural world in tropical and temperate ecosystems.

How can I get a TreeTop Barbie?

TreeTop Barbie is distributed by The International Canopy Network (ICAN)? a not-for-profit organization dedicated to promoting forest canopy conservation through research and education. Funds generated will support this and other outreach activities.

Exploration of forest canopies is no easy task—since researchers can't cross between

tree-tops? they have to clamber up trunks, explore, descend, and then climb the next. Or they did, until the advent of the Sol Vin Bretzel Canopy Raft.

A canopy raft is, basically, an inflatable PVC pontoon frame with high-tension netting spread between. They're pre-inflated and lifted into positioned via airship, dirigible, or helicopter. Once in position, the rafts are set down among the tree-tops, allowing researchers unfettered access to the uppermost reaches of the forest ecosystem. Scientists can observe from the raft? rappel from it too—they can even live on its temporary floor for several days at a time.

The pretzel shape of the raft in the top image is known as a Sol Vin Bretzel, created by architect Gilles Ebersolt (yes，like "Pretzel" but in German)，a recent design that replaced the previous, octagonal raft shape. Its unique 400m2 area offers numerous advantages over its predecessors. Itrs a more structurally sound platform that maximizes surface area, preventing any outlying section from folding or collapsing. It‘s also extremely lightweight——meaning it doesn't crush the new growth of the canopy upon which it rests.

部分答案：

14. E opinion of experts on a certain access method have changed

15. D a desc ription of physical limitation of a certain access

17. A the details of ecological and environmental of canory

18. B a desc ription of lack of cooperation and research

19. c

20. e

21. a

22. d

23. b

24. asserts

25. ballon

題目：Leister Curve

題材：人文類

題型：單選3+判斷5+配對5

文章大意

英國萊斯特劇院的設計

部分答案：

1-3 MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The first paragraph has referred the purpose Challenge the traditional architecture

2. The desc ription of the theatre which is the correct one aptly named

3. make the building process completed

4-8 YES/NO/NG

4問是否有其他建筑物與其相比—YES

5有個建筑開建之前已經(jīng)獲得認可had a permit-NO

6這間音樂廳建成之后其他的兒就要關門了--NG

7設計師RV的目的是符合表演家將來的風格--YES

8這一音樂廳是復制了其他家的風格-NO

9-14 SUMMARY

臨街的人能看到 people on-view

Large vehicles

題目：Coyote

內容：研究叢林狼…-數(shù)量的變化、人類舌動對叢林狼的影響、未來叢林狼的生存問題

題型：段落細節(jié)匹配5+填空4+選擇 4

文章大意

這是一篇關于coyote郊狼從野外到城市里生存的文章，郊狼轉戰(zhàn)城市的原因是森林面積減 少，此狼食肉動物，而且適應能力極強，而且在狼逐步滅絕的過程中，郊狼已成為頂端動物，雖天生具有攻擊性，但其實即使居住在城市里對于人類也不會具有攻擊性。往往郊狼最終攻擊了人類的事情，其原因也是源自于人類的善意，比如人類有的想要保護郊狼然后就看到狼就喂食，而這種對于天性和本能的改變導致郊狼會有仇視產(chǎn)生攻擊心理。郊狼在城市里的居住地范圍不會占據(jù)大面積，有個小塊兒隱蔽的地方就可以，但專家不會透露具體地址。郊狼在城市 里的危險是被撞死然后作者說保護郊狼和趕走郊狼是兩難境界,但其實人類只要允許 這群郊狼野性地自由成長就不會有大危險。

部分答案回憶：

暫無

Passage 3 :

題目：Thinking for themselves

內容：對一系列動物認知能力的研究

題型：段落主旨配對題4+判斷題5+特殊詞詞匹配5

文章大意：:

這是一篇關于對動物認知能力的研究。很多人認為動物不會像人類一樣有認知能力,但有個倔強的研究者就拿來一鸚鵡做研究，最后鸚鵡除了會說語言，還會認數(shù)字，還有區(qū)別事物的能力，之后探討動物的creativity，由于世人覺得狗不能作為研究對象然后研究者拿鳥做研究，有一種叫jay(松鴉)的鳥，那只鳥叫betty有著晾人的創(chuàng)造力她可以根據(jù)自己要取食物的需求自己找類似物做個鉤子，研究是讓別的鳥偷走betty的鉤子以為betty會去 尋找丟失的鉤子,但事實并沒有，betty看到一個電線，然后卷成了鉤子,麵食物，專家們都驚詫了，好贊。然后接著用鳥做例子,說明其實動物也是有心機的，她們可以根據(jù)經(jīng)驗判斷誰是敵人然后做出相應心機婊舉動保護自己。最后用海腸證明動物超強的模仿力但事實上有些專家還是不認可動物的認知能力,其實是他們老伴隨著變化而先把對于事物的定義給改嘍

所以為了證明動物的能力，研究從未停止

雅思閱讀小范圍預測

文章題目We have star performers

重復年份20160114 20121124

題材商業(yè)管理

題型段落細節(jié)配對 4+判斷 4+填空 5

文章大意人才與天賦，討論人才和選人標準之間的論證。講公司考核員工主要的依據(jù)， talents,

文章批判了傳統(tǒng)的觀點(才能是與生俱來的，是不變的，是需要公 司去發(fā)現(xiàn)的)。文章先用一段肯定了有才能的人的存在，然后分段講到，才

能是隨時間變化的，是不能被精確度量的，是可以憑努力換來的。

參考答案：

段落細節(jié)配對：

28 One example from non-commerce/business settings that better system wins

bigger stars F

29 One failed company that believes stars rather than system B

30 One suggestion that author made to acquire employees then to win the

competition nowadays G

31 One metaphor to human medical anatomy that illustrates the problems of

hiring stars. C

判斷：

32 McKinsey who wrote The War for Talent had not expected the huge

influence made by this book. NG

33 Economic condition becomes one of the factors which decide whether or

not a country would prefer to hire foreign employees. YES

34 The collapse of Enron is caused totally by a unfortunate incident

instead of company’s management mistake. NO

35 Football clubs that focus making stars in YES

填空：

An investigation carried out on 1000 36 analysts of a survey by Harvard

Business Review found a company hire a 37 star has negative effects. For

instance, they behave considerably worse in a new team than in the 38 working

environment that they used to be. They move faster than wall street and increase

their 39 salary. Secondly, they faced rejections or refuse from those 40 rivals

within the team. Lastly, the one who made mistakes had been punished by selling

his/her stock share.

文章題目The influence of social network to people's loneliness

重復年份20140920 20130622

題材人文社科

題型配對 6+選擇 4+判斷 4

文章大意社交媒體對人孤獨的影響.越來越多的人開始使用社交媒體，有些人認為社

交媒體使人變得更加孤獨，有些人卻不同意。在大學生中做了一個調查，結 果表明孤獨感與人們花時間在社交媒體上無關。社交媒體會使人變得焦慮，

也會讓人上癮。

參考閱讀：

Ethan Kross, a psychologist at the University of Michigan, suggests that

his recent research shows that online social media use, rather than making us as

users feel inter-connected, contributes to overall life dis-satisfaction and

loneliness.

This side-effect can have drastic results, considering over 1.1 billion

users around the world are linked up on Facebook alone.

The study monitored 82 participants’ feelings and well-being, compared to

their social media use, over a long period of time. This kind of LONG TERM

comparative research was the first of its kind to be conducted.

The main correlation result was: the more time spent on social media, the

less happy you will be over time.

A separate study in 2010 conducted by Carnegie Mellon University discovered

that when users are DIRECTLY interacting with social media friends, such as

posting pictures and status updates, tagging photos, or liking things, their

sociability and well-being increased.

However, the dangerous part of our social media use stems from the time we

are passively consuming social media content, which represents a majority of

user time spent on these platforms. This passive consumption of other peoples

idealized vacations, days off, meals, boyfriends, family, etc. led users to feel

lonely and unsatisfied with their own lives, despite how eschewed this

perception of others lives ACTUALLY is.

Thus, social media has forced us to face a grave paradox: social media

claims to be the platform that can connect users with their friends, family,

community and the like within seconds, and this is true; however, never before

have we experienced more isolation than we are now as a result. Our obsession

with our digital social media lives is beginning to take precedence over our

physical, here-and-now lives, resulting in our inability to interact with real

people, and enjoy life’s current moments without being distracted by how this

will be portrayed on social media.

文章題目Expert in musician

重復年份20160130 20140517

題材人文社科

題型選擇 4+判斷 6+填空 4

文章大意天賦是遺傳先天的還是靠練習，主要以音樂為例。討論堅持不懈對成功的作 用和他們的關系。首先探討了毅力是否是成功的必要條件，并闡述了眾多學

家就此提出的各類觀點。在論證天才是不是也需要堅持不懈時，舉例了莫扎 特一個人堅持找工作的過程。最后證明了堅持不懈和成功的關系密切。

部分參考答案： 選擇：

1. what's the definition of talent in the first paragraph

brain structure different from others

2. what can we learn from violin players?

Not sure the change of brain size is the cause of effect of practice

3. the result of findings by experts suggest

Talent may have little to do with ....

判斷題：

1. ericsson's study has influenced other researchers. NG

2. the other areas have one thing in common. Y

3. whose who becoe world scale practice regularly every day NG

4. anyone who practiced over 10.000 will become a talent N

5. current learning and cognitive skills support the practice theory Y

填空題：

Receive a lot of practice from his father. .... first symphony at the age

of four....not

popular...but not inherited.