托福聽力快速筆記的核心技巧
邊聽邊記是托福聽力的高分技能之一,今天小編給大家?guī)砹送懈B犃焖俟P記的核心技巧,希望能夠幫助到大家,下面小編就和大家分享,來欣賞一下吧。
托福聽力快速筆記的核心技巧
相信大多數(shù)同學(xué)都有這樣的體會(huì):當(dāng)我們?cè)诼犖恼碌倪^程中,聽到一個(gè)不太懂的單詞或句子時(shí),會(huì)把思維停留在這個(gè)詞或句子上,同時(shí)漏聽了接下來的信息,等回過神兒來才發(fā)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)不知道文章說到哪兒去了。
其實(shí)在托福聽力考試中,當(dāng)出現(xiàn)重要的信息或者生僻的單詞的時(shí)候,講話者絕大部分情況下都會(huì)加以解釋,甚至是反復(fù)解釋這個(gè)信息或單詞。所以我們需要做的就是聽到生詞的時(shí)候忍住回想的沖動(dòng),硬著頭皮往下聽,聽懂生詞后面的解釋之后,在筆記中記下主要的信息。
而且,我們需要注意的是,托福聽力中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)、解釋的信息一定是重要信息,極有可能是考點(diǎn),因此也是需要我們重點(diǎn)記筆記的地方。
下面給大家舉一個(gè)例子。來看看你能分辨出下面的段落說了幾個(gè)重要信息嗎?
Ok, a lot of people think of earth's orbit around the sun as being perfectly circular, as smooth and as regular as, say, the way that hands move on a well-made watch, but it just doesn't work that way. You are probably aware that the earth's orbit around the sun, it is not shaped like a perfect circle. It is more of an oval, it is elliptical. But the shape of this orbit isn't consistent; it varies over time, over a period of about a thousand years. Sometimes it is a little more circular, sometimes it is more elliptical. And when earth's orbit is more elliptical, earth is actually closer to the sun during part of the year. Which makes earth, and in particular, the northern hemisphere, warmer. And why is that important? Well, because most of the planet's glaciers are in the northern hemisphere, and if it gets too warm, then glaciers will stop forming. And we've already talked about how that affects earth's over all temperature.
其實(shí)別看這個(gè)段落這么長(zhǎng),其實(shí)它只傳達(dá)了三個(gè)重要信息,也就是說歸納起來只有三個(gè)重點(diǎn),其余的部分都是對(duì)重點(diǎn)的解釋。
第一個(gè)信息:地球繞太陽(yáng)的軌道是橢圓形的。原文用了5句話來反復(fù)解釋這個(gè)信息,而且雖然出現(xiàn)了相對(duì)生僻的單詞oval,但出題者怕考生聽不懂又用了一個(gè)比較常見的elliptical來解釋。如下:
Ok, a lot of people think of earth's orbit around the sun as being perfectly circular, as smooth and as regular as, say, the way that hands move on a well-made watch, but it just doesn't work that way. You are probably aware that the earth's orbit around the sun, it is not shaped like a perfect circle. It is more of an oval, it is elliptical.
第二個(gè)信息:這個(gè)軌道形狀會(huì)變。這里又用了5句話來反復(fù)解釋,其中出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)稍微有些難度的單詞consistent,而且防止有些考生不認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)詞出題者又苦口婆心的給你解釋了這個(gè)現(xiàn)象。有時(shí)候這個(gè)軌道形狀圓點(diǎn)兒,有時(shí)候更橢圓點(diǎn)兒,更橢圓點(diǎn)兒的時(shí)候,地球更接近太陽(yáng)。這里說的就是我們中學(xué)地理知識(shí)中的近日點(diǎn)這個(gè)概念。
But the shape of this orbit isn't consistent; it varies overtime, over a period of about a thousand years. Sometimes it is a little more circular, sometimes it is more elliptical. And when earth's orbit is more elliptical, earth is actually closer to the sun during part of the year.
第三個(gè)信息:形狀的變化會(huì)影響地球上冰川的形成。說話者再一次用了5句話來解釋這個(gè)信息,并且怕你不知道這里要出考點(diǎn),還用了反問句提醒你。
Which makes earth, and in particular, the northern hemisphere, warmer. And why is that important? Well, because most of the planet's glaciers are in the northern hemisphere, and if it gets too warm, then glaciers will stop forming. And we've already talked about how that affects earth's overall temperature.
所以,雖然你聽到了這么多詞匯和句子,但其實(shí)你的筆記上需要記的只是這三個(gè)主要信息。由此可知,ETS是一個(gè)很人性化的機(jī)構(gòu)。當(dāng)你遇到聽不懂的信息的時(shí)候,你要勇敢堅(jiān)決地繼續(xù)往下聽,你的思維要同時(shí)跟著說話人走,絕不能出現(xiàn)自己的思維斷層。
以上就是小編為大家介紹的托福聽力速記的核心技巧,希望各位同學(xué)能夠結(jié)合練習(xí)實(shí)際掌握,并在之后的考試中合理運(yùn)用出來,以確保自己在八月的托福聽力考試能夠得到更加理想的成績(jī)。
托福語(yǔ)法技巧:動(dòng)詞原形后加ed變成動(dòng)詞的過去式
A規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式是在動(dòng)詞原形后加 ed構(gòu)成的:
動(dòng)詞原形:work
過去式:worked
以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞只加d:
動(dòng)詞原形:love
過去式: loved
對(duì)所有人稱,均無(wú)詞形變化:
I worked you worked he worked等
規(guī)則和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的否定式均由 did not/didn’ t+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成:
I did not/didn’t work you did not/didn’t work等
疑問式則均由 did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成:
did I work? did you work?等
否定疑問式:
did you not/didn’t you work?等
B拼寫注意事項(xiàng)
加ing時(shí)最后一個(gè)輔音字母雙寫的規(guī)則(參見第165節(jié))也適用于加ed的場(chǎng)合:
admit,admitted
stop, stopped
travel,travelled
以y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,y前為輔音字母時(shí),在加ed之前要把y變?yōu)閕:
carry, carried
try, tried
但y前面是元音字母時(shí)則不變:
obey, obeyed
托福語(yǔ)法技巧:用來敘述過去發(fā)生的事件
A表示在過去某一特定時(shí)間結(jié)束的動(dòng)作,因此可用于:1指明發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作:
I met him yesterday.
我昨天遇見了他。
Pasteur died in 1895.
巴斯徹于1895年去世。
2詢問過去的特定時(shí)間:
When did you meet him?
你是什么時(shí)候見到他的?
3動(dòng)作顯然在過去某特定時(shí)刻發(fā)生時(shí),雖然并末明確提及該時(shí)刻:
The train was ten minutes late.
火車晚點(diǎn)了十分鐘。
How did you get your present job?
你是怎么得到現(xiàn)在這份工作的?
I bought this car in Montreal.
我在蒙特利爾買的這輛車。
4有時(shí)由于用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)作了問答而使時(shí)間隨之變得明確時(shí):
—Where have you been?
—I’ve been to the opera.
—Did you enjoy it?
—你去哪兒了?
—我看歌劇去了。
—你喜歡這歌劇嗎?
B一般過去時(shí)用來表示一個(gè)并未指明發(fā)生在過去何時(shí)的動(dòng)作,但是,(a)該動(dòng)作占用了現(xiàn)已結(jié)束的某一段時(shí)間;或(b)該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在現(xiàn)已結(jié)束的某一段時(shí)間之內(nèi)的某一時(shí)刻??梢杂脠D解表示如下,TS表示現(xiàn)在說話時(shí)的時(shí)間。
類型(a)的例句:
He worked in that bank for four years.
他在那家銀行工作了四年之久。(但現(xiàn)在已不在那兒工作。)
She lived in Rome for a long time.
她在羅馬住過很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。(但現(xiàn)在并不住在那里了。)
類型(b)的例句:
My grandmother once saw Queen Victoria.
我的祖母見過一次維多利亞女王。
Did you ever hear Maria Callas sing?
你聽過瑪麗婭·卡拉斯唱歌嗎?
上述情況與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法相比時(shí)就更易理解。
C一般過去時(shí)還用來表示過去的習(xí)慣:
He always carried an umbrella.
他總是帶著一把雨傘。
They never drank wine.
他們從來不喝葡萄酒。
D一般過去時(shí)用于條件句類型2。
托福語(yǔ)法技巧:過去式主要用法
A過去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要用來表示在過去延續(xù)了一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作,但動(dòng)作延續(xù)的界限不清楚,也無(wú)關(guān)緊要??梢杂脠D解表示。
……表示這一動(dòng)作的開始或結(jié)束是不明確的:
B不與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用時(shí),可以表示逐漸的發(fā)展:
It was getting darker.
天越來越黑了。
The wind was rising.
起風(fēng)了。
C與表示某一時(shí)刻的詞語(yǔ)連用,表示動(dòng)作在那一時(shí)刻之前開始,并可能繼續(xù)下去。 At eight he was having breakfast意指 8點(diǎn)時(shí)他正在吃早飯,即他在8點(diǎn)前就已開始吃早飯了。 He had breakfast at eight意指他是在8點(diǎn)開始吃早飯的。
D時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可以用動(dòng)詞過去式代替。這時(shí)就可以用圖解表示為:
When I arrived
我到達(dá)時(shí)
Tom was talking on the phone.
湯姆正在打電話。
在這個(gè)句子中,我們表達(dá)了這樣一個(gè)概念:過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作在一般過去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前就已開始,并可能延續(xù)下去。上面的圖解可能有助于說明這一關(guān)系。一般過去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作由X表示。把這一組合與兩個(gè)一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的組合進(jìn)行對(duì)比,就可以看出差別;后者一般表示兩個(gè)一前一后的動(dòng)作:
When he saw me he put the receiver down.
他一看到我就把電話聽筒放下了。
E在描述性的段落中常使用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。注意以下描述(過去進(jìn)行時(shí))與敘述(一般過去時(shí))的組合:
A wood fire was burning on the hearth,and a cat was sleeping in front of it.A girl was playing the piano and(was)singing softly to herself.Sud- denly there was a knock on the door.The girl stopped playing.The cat woke up.
木柴在壁爐中燃燒著,一只貓?jiān)跔t前睡覺。女孩彈著鋼琴并徑自柔聲地唱著。突然傳來一陣敲門聲。女孩停下來。貓?bào)@醒了。
托福語(yǔ)法技巧:過去式其他用法
表示過去相當(dāng)于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)作:
A直接引語(yǔ):
He said,‘I am living in London.’
他說:“我現(xiàn)在住在倫敦?!?/p>
間接引語(yǔ):
He said he was living in London.
他說他那時(shí)住在倫敦。
B現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以用來表示對(duì)將來確定的安排:
I’m leaving toninght.I’ve got my plane ticket.
我今天晚上就要?jiǎng)由砹?,已?jīng)買好了機(jī)票。
同樣,過去進(jìn)行時(shí)也可以表示過去對(duì)將來的安排:
He was busy packing,for he was leaving that night.
他那時(shí)正忙著打點(diǎn)行李,因?yàn)槟翘焱砩纤鸵吡恕?在那之前某時(shí)已做出走的決定。)
C過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與always連用:
He was always ringing me up.
他老是給我打電話。
He was always working.
他總是在工作。
托福聽力快速筆記的核心技巧




