新GRE閱讀答題方法解題策略分享講解

陳鈴1147由分享時(shí)間：2020-08-30 22:00:01

新GRE閱讀答題方法解題策略分享講解, 閱讀高效備考知識(shí)介紹,下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

新GRE閱讀答題方法解題策略分享講解閱讀高效備考知識(shí)介紹

GRE閱讀整體思路和答題要求

先讀文章后做題,閱讀速度一定要快,勇敢的省略,記?。嚎搭}時(shí)間要比看文時(shí)間長(zhǎng)，一般推薦使用兩遍法,第一遍通讀,重點(diǎn)看文章的結(jié)構(gòu)、focus、作者態(tài)度,第二遍在解題時(shí)定位閱讀。同時(shí)，解任何題目時(shí)都要回到原文中定位,嚴(yán)格把握文字對(duì)應(yīng)法,每個(gè)正確答案都必須找到依據(jù),絕對(duì)不可憑記憶或知識(shí)背景做題。特別注意的是，不要精讀,不必了解文章的意思,速度一定要快,一定要作筆記,時(shí)間不夠看首段和各段首句。然后，每天都積累幾個(gè)GRE句子，總之閱讀的關(guān)鍵就是：“速度定位改寫”。

新GRE閱讀答題方法

1. 把握GRE閱讀題中文章的句子主干

對(duì)于語法知識(shí)有一定的要求，力求做到一句話只看一遍，充分利用自己的語法知識(shí)，時(shí)刻把握句子主干，修飾成分要毫無感覺地快速瀏覽。注意，這里的“毫無感覺”不是略讀，而是不希望過多的修飾成分或插入成分影響對(duì)句子主干的理解，這四個(gè)字還需要自己多練習(xí)體會(huì)。

2. 在做GRE閱讀題時(shí)要做好標(biāo)記

在GRE閱讀文章中，除了大寫字母、時(shí)間年代、最高級(jí)、轉(zhuǎn)折標(biāo)志詞、因果標(biāo)志詞、列舉、讓步、強(qiáng)對(duì)比以外，還要標(biāo)記出并列連接詞(比如and)、分號(hào)、冒號(hào)、表示作者態(tài)度的詞(褒義貶義詞等)。這些內(nèi)容往往都意味著出題點(diǎn)和解題點(diǎn)，標(biāo)記好可以有助于理清解題思路。

關(guān)于做標(biāo)記的小竅門介紹：標(biāo)記符號(hào)不要只用一種下劃線，也不要標(biāo)記過多弄得到處都是，個(gè)人感覺最多三種，比如分別標(biāo)記原因、轉(zhuǎn)折和其他即可。常用符號(hào)可以是下劃線或者括號(hào)等。

3. 反復(fù)做GRE閱讀題

這是提高GRE閱讀速度的秘訣：反復(fù)閱讀已經(jīng)讀過的文章，建議3-5遍左右，慢慢就會(huì)養(yǎng)成一種直覺，知道哪里略讀哪里重讀。

4. GRE閱讀題中段首段尾要把握好

每段首句和全文末句一定仔細(xì)看。因?yàn)檫@往往是這段內(nèi)容的主旨和總結(jié)，也是比較常見的出題點(diǎn)。

新GRE閱讀解題策略

1. 保持好奇心

在GRE閱讀平時(shí)的練習(xí)中，想必大家都會(huì)經(jīng)常讀到一些晦澀難懂的概念，這個(gè)時(shí)候，不同的態(tài)度就會(huì)對(duì)之后的學(xué)習(xí)產(chǎn)生一些影響。比較積極的思考方式是“真有意思啊，我又了解到某些東西”。雖然事實(shí)上你可能一輩子也不會(huì)再讀到這些文章，去了美國(guó)你也只會(huì)讀關(guān)于你專業(yè)的學(xué)術(shù)文章，但GRE為你提供了一個(gè)平臺(tái)，讓你去涉獵更多的領(lǐng)域。當(dāng)你讀到美國(guó)憲法修正案、美國(guó)黑人奴隸斗爭(zhēng)史、女性作家時(shí)試著讓自己置身于這樣一個(gè)年代，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己更投入。而在這一過程中，你的知識(shí)面也得到了開拓，有時(shí)候還會(huì)學(xué)到一些新的詞匯和其他內(nèi)容，無形之中便提升了自己的英語閱讀水平和知識(shí)積累。

2. 記錄新概念/事件/人物

GRE閱讀的pre-knowledge到底有沒有用?對(duì)于這點(diǎn)，很多老師和學(xué)生的看法都不太相同，考慮到GRE閱讀有兩個(gè)難點(diǎn)：句子晦澀難懂和做題時(shí)間非常有限，一遍必須讀懂，

如果你事先對(duì)某一概念了解了，那么pre-knowledge絕對(duì)可以幫你化險(xiǎn)為夷。但是不要把自己的觀點(diǎn)過多的帶入到文章，這樣會(huì)影響你的理解。而當(dāng)你在閱讀的時(shí)候讀到了自己不熟悉的概念，可以Notebook或者Word等隨時(shí)記下感興趣或者不知道想要查閱的東西，或是直接上GOOGLE搜索一下相關(guān)概念，對(duì)于以后的閱讀積累也是很有幫助的。

GRE閱讀題目解析:卡路里攝入與動(dòng)物壽命

P30

Animals live longer when their calorie intake is restricted to two-thirds of what is considered normal for their species. Animals so restricted are also generally healthier: most disease, including cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative illness, are forestalled. This phenomenon was long attributed to a simple slowing of metabolism (cells’ production of energy from fuel molecules) and consequent reproduction of its toxic by-products in response to less food. In fact, however, calorie restriction does not slow mammalian metabolism, and in yeast and worms, metabolism is both sped up and altered. Some scientists now theorize that calorie restriction is a biological stressor that, like natural food scarcity, induces a more complex defensive response, which in mammals includes changes in cellular defenses and repair.

1. In the passage, the function of the highlighted portion is to

A. Provide specific examples of organisms whose longevity does not increase in response to calorie restriction.

B. Illustrate the probable means by which organisms placed on a calorie-restriction diet compensate for the reduction in available food-based level.

C. Suggest the mechanism that is responsible for prolonging the life of organism whose calorie intake is significantly reduced.

D. Give an example that explain why scientists’ thinking about the physiological effects of calorie restriction changed.

E. Distinguish the different ways that mammalian and non-mammalian metabolisms respond to significant reductions in calorie intake

Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.

2. The passage implies which of the following about the explanation mentioned in the highlighted text?

A. There are empirical findings that conflict with a presumption of the explanation.

B. The explanation predicts that the effect of calorie restriction on longevity will be the greatest for the species with the highest rate of metabolism.

C. The explanation predicts that the effects of calorie restriction will be uniformly positive.

P30

Animals live longer when their calorie intake is restricted to two-thirds of what is considered normal for their species.

當(dāng)卡路里攝入量被限制在該物種正常水平的三分之二時(shí)，動(dòng)物的壽命變長(zhǎng)。

Animals so restricted are also generally healthier: most disease, including cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative illness, are forestalled.

這樣食量受限的動(dòng)物往往更健康：多數(shù)疾病，包括癌癥，糖尿病，以及神經(jīng)組織退化疾病，都會(huì)被預(yù)防。

This phenomenon was long attributed to a simple slowing of metabolism (cells’ production of energy from fuel molecules) and consequent reproduction of its toxic by-products in response to less food.

這種現(xiàn)象長(zhǎng)久以來被簡(jiǎn)單地歸于新陳代謝(細(xì)胞利用食物分子生產(chǎn)能量)變慢，以及因食物變少而隨之(減少)的有毒副產(chǎn)物的增殖。

In fact, however, calorie restriction does not slow mammalian metabolism, and in yeast and worms, metabolism is both sped up and altered.

然而實(shí)際上，攝入能量受限并不減緩哺乳動(dòng)物的新陳代謝，而酵母菌和蟲類(實(shí)驗(yàn)顯示)，新陳代謝都加速且發(fā)生改變。

【m?-'mā-lē-?n, ma-】

Some scientists now theorize that calorie restriction is a biological stressor that, like natural food scarcity, induces a more complex defensive response, which in mammals includes changes in cellular defenses and repair.

一些科學(xué)家現(xiàn)在提出理論認(rèn)為，卡路里限制是一種生物學(xué)意義上的壓力刺激，類似自然狀態(tài)下的食物短缺，引發(fā)了一種更復(fù)雜的防衛(wèi)反應(yīng)，在哺乳動(dòng)物表現(xiàn)為改善了細(xì)胞的防護(hù)和修復(fù)。

1. In the passage, the function of the highlighted portion is to

A. Provide specific examples of organisms whose longevity does not increase in response to calorie restriction.

B. Illustrate the probable means by which organisms placed on a calorie-restriction diet compensate for the reduction in available food-based level.

C. Suggest the mechanism that is responsible for prolonging the life of organism whose calorie intake is significantly reduced.

D. Give an example that explain why scientists’ thinking about the physiological effects of calorie restriction changed.

E. Distinguish the different ways that mammalian and non-mammalian metabolisms respond to significant reductions in calorie intake

選 D

一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期被觀察到的事實(shí)是，吃正常食量三分之二的動(dòng)物更健康長(zhǎng)壽。科學(xué)家以前覺得是因?yàn)樾玛惔x變慢，產(chǎn)生的有毒產(chǎn)物增殖也變慢。后來發(fā)現(xiàn)，少吃并不減慢動(dòng)物的新陳代謝，科學(xué)家對(duì)限制食量使動(dòng)物更健康的機(jī)制的看法改變了。標(biāo)記部分正是舉例解釋了科學(xué)家看法的這種改變，因?yàn)橛^察到?jīng)]有變慢(反而變快了)，所以因少吃而變慢而健康的看法改變了。

Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.

2. The passage implies which of the following about the explanation mentioned in the highlighted text?

A. There are empirical findings that conflict with a presumption of the explanation.

B. The explanation predicts that the effect of calorie restriction on longevity will be the greatest for the species with the highest rate of metabolism.

C. The explanation predicts that the effects of calorie restriction will be uniformly positive.

選 A

基于觀察的發(fā)現(xiàn)與一種解釋的假設(shè)矛盾。

empirical 經(jīng)驗(yàn)的，可通過觀察和經(jīng)驗(yàn)證明的

本文中的 empirical findings 指句 4 提到的，實(shí)驗(yàn)觀察到，新陳代謝不因進(jìn)食減少而改變;presumption of the explanation 指句 3 提到的，進(jìn)食受限新陳代謝變慢有毒物質(zhì)累積變慢，變慢是一種假設(shè)，沒有被證實(shí)過。標(biāo)記部分暗示二者矛盾。

GRE閱讀題目解析:美洲早期定居人類

P29

Some archaeologists speculate that the Americas might have been initially colonized between 40,000 and 25,000 years ago. However, to support this theory it is necessary to explain the absence of generally accepted habitation sites for that time interval in what is now the United States. Australia, which has a smaller land area than the United States, has many such sites, supporting the generally accepted claim that the continent was colonized by humans at least 40,000 years ago. Australia is less densely populated (resulting in lower chances of discovering sites) and with its overall greater aridity would have presented conditions less favorable for hunter gatherer occupation. Proportionally, at least as much land area has been lost from the coastal regions of Australia because of postglacial sea-level rise as in the United States, so any coastal archaeological record in Australia should have been depleted about as much as a coastal record in the United States. Since there are so many resource-rich rivers leading inland from the United States coastlines, it seems implausible that a growing population of humans would have confined itself to coasts for thousands of years. If inhabitants were present 25,000 years ago, the chances of their appearing in the archaeological record would seem to be greater than for Australia.

1. The passage is primarily concerned with doing which of the following?

A. Presenting an objection to a claim

B. Accounting for an apparent anomaly

C. Outlining an alternative interpretation

D. Correcting a particular misconception

E. Questioning the validity of a comparison

2. The author of the passage implies which of the following about 25,000 years ago?

A. The coastline of the region that is now the United States is longer than it was 40,000 years ago.

B. Rivers in what is now the United States were numerous than they are now.

C. Australia was less densely populated at that time than was the region that is now the United States.

D. Australia’s climate was significantly drier than it is now.

E. Global sea level was lower than it is now.

3. The author of the passage implies that, in what is now the United States, archaeological evidence of inhabitation in the period from 40,000 to 25,000 years ago is lacking because that region is

A. had its oldest habitation sites inundated following a postglacial rise in sea level

B. has many resource-rich rivers that facilitated the dispersal of early inhabitants from an initial concentration in coastal areas

C. was sparsely populated until about 25,000 years ago

D. was colonized less than 25,000 years ago

E. was inhabited only by hunter-gatherers until 25,000 years ago

P29

Some archaeologists speculate that the Americas might have been initially colonized between 40,000 and 25,000 years ago.

一些考古學(xué)家推測(cè)，美洲可能早在 40000 至 25000 年以前，就出現(xiàn)了定居的人類。

However, to support this theory it is necessary to explain the absence of generally accepted habitation sites for that time interval in what is now the United States.

然而，要支持這種理論，就必須解釋現(xiàn)在美國(guó)所覆蓋的地區(qū)內(nèi)，在 40000 - 25000 年間為什么沒有出現(xiàn)被學(xué)界廣泛承認(rèn)的定居點(diǎn)。

Australia, which has a smaller land area than the United States, has many such sites, supporting the generally accepted claim that the continent was colonized by humans at least 40,000 years ago.

面積比美國(guó)小的澳大利亞，有很多這樣的定居點(diǎn)，來支撐被廣泛接受的主張，即至少 40000 年前，澳洲大陸就有人類定居。

Australia is less densely populated (resulting in lower chances of discovering sites) and with its overall greater aridity would have presented conditions less favorable for hunter gatherer occupation.

澳洲人口密度小(導(dǎo)致發(fā)現(xiàn)定居點(diǎn)的概率小)，加之總體更為干燥，結(jié)果是環(huán)境較為不適應(yīng)捕獵者和采集者定居。

Proportionally, at least as much land area has been lost from the coastal regions of Australia because of postglacial sea-level rise as in the United States, so any coastal archaeological record in Australia should have been depleted about as much as a coastal record in the United States.

成比例地，因?yàn)楸谶^后海平面上升，美國(guó)損失了多少沿海土地，澳大利亞就至少損失了多少，所以澳大利亞任何沿海考古記錄都該像美國(guó)的沿?？脊庞涗浺粯铀o幾。

Since there are so many resource-rich rivers leading inland from the United States coastlines, it seems implausible that a growing population of humans would have confined itself to coasts for thousands of years.

因?yàn)槊绹?guó)海岸有眾多資源豐富的河流流向內(nèi)陸，不斷增加的人口不大可能在數(shù)千年中，始終局限在沿海地區(qū)。

If inhabitants were present 25,000 years ago, the chances of their appearing in the archaeological record would seem to be greater than for Australia.

如果 25000 年前就出現(xiàn)了定居者，他們出現(xiàn)在考古學(xué)記錄中的機(jī)會(huì)，將比澳大利亞的情形更好。

1. The passage is primarily concerned with doing which of the following?

A. Presenting an objection to a claim

B. Accounting for an apparent anomaly

C. Outlining an alternative interpretation

D. Correcting a particular misconception

E. Questioning the validity of a comparison

選 A

反對(duì)某種觀點(diǎn)，即反對(duì)句 1：

Some archaeologists speculate that the Americas might have been initially colonized between 40,000 and 25,000 years ago.

可能早在 40000 至 25000 年以前，美洲就出現(xiàn)了定居的人類。

2. The author of the passage implies which of the following about 25,000 years ago?

A. The coastline of the region that is now the United States is longer than it was 40,000 years ago.

B. Rivers in what is now the United States were numerous than they are now.

C. Australia was less densely populated at that time than was the region that is now the United States.

D. Australia’s climate was significantly drier than it is now.

E. Global sea level was lower than it is now.

選 E

句 5 明確指出：… because of postglacial sea-level rise …

根據(jù)常識(shí)可以否定，面積變小，形狀大致不變的情況下，周長(zhǎng)應(yīng)該變短而不是變長(zhǎng)。

未知信息。文段沒有討論美國(guó)境內(nèi)河流的變化。

用澳大利亞 25000 年前的人口密度比美國(guó)現(xiàn)在的人口密度，毫無意義，雖然前者確實(shí)肯定小于后者，但這不是作者想在文中 imply 的內(nèi)容。

未知信息。而且對(duì)作者的論證也沒任何幫助。

3. The author of the passage implies that, in what is now the United States, archaeological evidence of inhabitation in the period from 40,000 to 25,000 years ago is lacking because that region is

A. had its oldest habitation sites inundated following a postglacial rise in sea level

B. has many resource-rich rivers that facilitated the dispersal of early inhabitants from an initial concentration in coastal areas

C. was sparsely populated until about 25,000 years ago

D. was colonized less than 25,000 years ago

E. was inhabited only by hunter-gatherers until 25,000 years ago

選 D

贈(zèng)品，小禮物。

作者覺得 40000 - 25000 年前沒有，是因?yàn)樽髡哒J(rèn)為少于 25000 年。無比正確的一句廢話，典型的 ETS 風(fēng)格。

GRE閱讀題目解析:雜文家or小說家

P28

A critical consensus has emerged that Mary McCarthy will be remembered primarily as an essayist rather than as a novelist. But despite her formidable gifts as a polemical and discursive writer, and for all her reputation as an intellectual who sacrificed feeling to intelligence, what powers McCarthy’s best essays are her fictional rather than strictly intellectual gifts. She makes her points by telling stories or by way of vivid description, arresting images and subtle characterization. And for all her exacting sense of fact, McCarthy’s greatest contribution was to blur the distinctions between different kinds of prose writing: to show how fiction could be opened up to the thinking mind and how essays could profit from the techniques of fiction.

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.

1. The author of the passage suggests that Mary McCarthy’s writing is characterized by

A. The use in her essays of devices more typical in works of fiction

B. A narrowing of the differences between narrative and expository prose

C. Careful attention to factual accuracy.

2. In the context in which it appears, “discursive” most nearly means

A. Prolific

B. Sophistic

C. Rambling

D. Analytical

E. Circuitous

P28

A critical consensus has emerged that Mary McCarthy will be remembered primarily as an essayist rather than as a novelist.

評(píng)論界已大多同意，MM 主要是一位雜文家而非小說家。

But despite her formidable gifts as a polemical and discursive writer, and for all her reputation as an intellectual who sacrificed feeling to intelligence, what powers McCarthy’s best essays are her fictional rather than strictly intellectual gifts.

可盡管她憑邏輯和論證寫作展現(xiàn)出驚人天賦，且作為一位知識(shí)分子以智力駕馭情感著稱，但令 M 的雜文最有力量的，是她的虛構(gòu)寫作天賦而非完全是智力天賦。

She makes her points by telling stories or by way of vivid description, arresting images and subtle characterization.

她通過講故事闡述觀點(diǎn)，或以生動(dòng)敘述，醒目畫面及精微描摹的方式。

And for all her exacting sense of fact, McCarthy’s greatest contribution was to blur the distinctions between different kinds of prose writing: to show how fiction could be opened up to the thinking mind and how essays could profit from the techniques of fiction.

而且因?qū)憣?shí)感的苛求，M 最大的貢獻(xiàn)在于模糊了不同雜文寫作的區(qū)別：在于展示了虛構(gòu)寫作如何能夠?qū)λ伎奸_放，以及虛構(gòu)寫作的技巧如何能夠?yàn)殡s文服務(wù)。

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.

1. The author of the passage suggests that Mary McCarthy’s writing is characterized by

A. The use in her essays of devices more typical in works of fiction

B. A narrowing of the differences between narrative and expository prose

C. Careful attention to factual accuracy.

選 ABC

根據(jù)句 2：… what powers McCarthy’s best essays areher fictional rather than strictly intellectual gifts.

以及句 4：

And for all her exacting sense of fact, McCarthy’s greatest contribution was to blur the distinctionsbetween different kinds of prose writing: to show how fiction could be opened up to the thinking mind and how essays could profit from the techniques of fiction.

2. In the context in which it appears, “discursive” most nearly means

A. Prolific

B. Sophistic

C. Rambling

D. Analytical

E. Circuitous

選 D

prolific 多產(chǎn)的

sophistic 詭辯的，似是而非的

rambling 閑逛的，蔓延的，不連貫的，(文章等)長(zhǎng)且離題的，東拉西扯的

analitical 分析的

circuitous 迂回的，曲折的