如何解決GRE作文論據(jù)素材準備問題
如何解決GRE作文論據(jù)素材準備問題,我們一起來看看吧，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
GRE作文論據(jù)素材準備問題解決辦法
對于絕大多數(shù)的考生，準備GRE寫作時最頭疼的問題就是沒有例子。雖然上了這么多年的學，腦子里的知識也不少，可以只要一舉例子，就只有那么稀稀拉拉的幾個"大路貨"。一舉科學家，大凡就是愛因斯坦，牛頓，居里夫人;一提到"失敗是成功之母"，就只有愛迪生玩命地試燈泡了?？墒?，想要舉出一個與眾不同的例子，真的就這么難嗎?
其實，如果你留心觀察生活，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)，生活中到處都是好例子，遺憾的是，我們從來沒有想過把它們變成GRE寫作的一部分。
那么該怎么去發(fā)現(xiàn)這些好例子呢?方法其實也很簡單：
首先，你必須要很熟悉題庫。很多老師對issue部分的題目都有分類，網(wǎng)上也有很多這方面的資料。其實不論是何種分類方法，你都必須要通過分類對整個244道題庫有個全面的了解，知道ETS會考什么，不會考什么。
接下來，有了對題庫的了解之后，這是你會發(fā)現(xiàn)，有些生活中看似無關的事情，突然變得有用了。這里，我就以一個八桿子打不著的"犀利哥"給大家做個示范。
犀利哥的背景大家都熟，這里就不多介紹了。可是他的事情怎么就能寫到GRE作文里呢?
首先，犀利哥是一個普通的流浪人員，但是卻一夜暴紅，這和媒體的炒作不無關系。而我們的issue題庫中，就有很多討論媒體對公眾影響的題目。這時，犀利哥就是個媒體影響很好的證明。
其次，犀利哥的出名也反映了當今社會對外表和時尚的狂熱。人們完全無視他是個有精神障礙的病人，而只是因為他的穿著恰好符合當時的審美趨勢而追捧他。這在討論到issue33題"外表和內(nèi)在那個更重要的時候"也非常適合。
當然，這個例子還可以用來討論公眾隱私(29, 161題)和快餐文化(107， 151， 215等題)中，這里就不多解釋。
根據(jù)剛剛的分析，我們就很容易把犀利哥的例子，按照事件的積極消極意義，整理成下面的一些要點：
Positive side：
1)Media's magic power to turn a nobody into somebody overnight
2)Media's role in bringing public attention to the misfortune and the helpless who may otherwise be neglected and discarded by the society
Negative side:
1)The world's over-emphasis on the appearance, not on the inner-self. By turning a homeless to a fashion model, the story of Brother Xili is just an extreme case of many.
2)The frenetic pursuit of instant fame and interests by modern people dwarfs the most fundamental basis of human nature: love, equality, respect and compassion.
3)The world only cares about the "fashionable" photos of Brother Xili and flocks to Ningbo to see him in person. But no one really cares about him as a person, a man with mental disorder, a brother that needs our care and love, not relentless media exposure and disturbance.
經(jīng)過這樣一番思考之后，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)，在真正寫GRE作文時，你需要準備的案例的數(shù)量其實并不多，關鍵是，你能不能通過對例子深入的分析使一個例子可以同時解決許多道題目，達到"以一當十"的效果。
GRE作文素材之名言
1. Waste not,want not.
儉以防匱。
2. From saving comes having.
富有來自節(jié)儉。
3. A penny saved is a penny gained.
省一文是一文。
4. Take care of the pence and the pound
will take care of themselves.
金錢積少便成多。
5. Frugality is an estate alone.
節(jié)儉本身就是一宗財產(chǎn)。
6. He that regards not a penny,will lavish a pound.
小錢不知節(jié)省，大錢將濫花。
7. Small gains bring great wealth.
積小利，成巨富。
8. Many a little makes a mickle.
積少便成多。
9. As the touchstone tries gold,so gold tries man.
試金之石可試金，正如黃金能試人。
10.Courage and resolution are the spirit
and soul of virtue.
勇敢和堅決是美德的靈魂。
11.The path to glory is always rugged.
光榮之路常坎坷。
12.Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.
世上無難事，只要人肯試。
13.The fire is the test of gold;adversity of strong man.
烈火試真金，困苦煉壯士。
14.Great hopes make great man.
遠大的希望造就偉大的人物。
15.No way is impossible to courage.
勇士面前無險路。
16.A smooth sea never made a skillful mariner.
平靜的大海決不能造就出熟練的水手。
17.The good seaman is known in bad weather.
壞天氣下才能識得出良好的海員;要識好海員，須憑
壞天氣。
18.The best hearts are always the bravest.
行為最勇敢的人心地總是最善良。
19.We must not lie down,and cry,God help us.
求神不如求己。
20.He that falls today may be up again tomorrow.
今天跌倒的人也許明天就會站起。
21.Rome was not built in a day.
羅馬并非一日可建成;堅持必成。
22.Success belongs to the persevering.
勝利屬于堅忍不拔的人。
23.We must repeat a thousand and one times that
perseverance is the only road to success.
我們要多次重申：不屈不撓是取得勝利的唯一道路。
24.Perseverance is failing nineteen times
and succeeding the twentieth.
十九次失敗，到第二十次獲得成功，這就叫堅持。
25.Step by step the ladder is ascended.
登梯需要逐級登。
26.Adversity leads to prosperity.
困苦通向昌盛。
27.Patience and application will carry us through.
忍耐和專心會使我們度過難關。
28.Fortune often rewards with interest those
that have patience to wait for her.
做事只要有耐心，到頭總會有好運;耐心候好運，好
運常會來。
29.All things will come round to him who will but wait.
只要肯等待，一切都會按時來。
30.Constant dropping wears the stone.
滴水不絕可穿石。
31.Omelets are not made without breaking of eggs.
雞蛋不打破，蛋卷做不成;不甘愿吃苦，則預期效果達不到。
32.The world is a ladder for some to go up
and others to go down.
世界好似一把梯，有人上去有人下。
33.There needs a long apprenticeship to understand
the mystery of the world's trade.
要知世事奧秘多，須要長期作學徒。
34.Life is sweet.
生活是可愛的;人無不好生(惡死)。
35.Where there is life,there is hope.
生命不息，希望長在。
36.Life is not all beer and skittles.
人生并不全是吃喝玩樂。
37.Much water runs by the mill that
the miller knows not of.
眼前發(fā)生許多事，有些我們并不知。
38.Fortune knocks once at least at every man's door.
人人都有走運的一天。
39.If you are too fortunate,you will not know yourself;
if you are too unfortunate,nobody will know you.
運氣太好，見人不睬;運氣太壞，無人理會。
40.Every man is the architect of his own fortune.
每一個人都是自身幸福的建筑師。
41.Happy is he who knows his follies in his youth.
記得年輕時所作蠢事的人是幸福的。
42.Misfortunes never (seldom) come alone (single).
禍不單行。
43.Misfortune is a good teacher.
不幸是良好的教師。
44.Misfortunes come at night.
禍常生于不測。
45.Misfortunes tell us what fortune is.
惡運臨頭后，才知幸運貴。
GRE作文素材之名言
46.Adversity makes a man wise,not rich.
患難能使人聰明，但不能使人富有。
47.Live and learn.
活到老，學到老。
48.It is never too old to learn.
為學不怕年高。
49.A man becomes learned by asking questions.
要長學問，就得多問;多問則業(yè)精。
50.There is no royal road to learning.
學問無坦途。
51.He who is ashamed of asking is ashamed of learning.
畏問之人恥于學。
52.What is learned in the cradle lasts till the grave.
嬰孩時期學到的東西，老死不會忘記。
53.Learning makes a good man better and ill man worse.
知識能使好人更好，壞人更壞。
54.Soon learnt,soon forgotten.
學得快，忘得快。
55.Learn young,learn fair.
為學趁年青，既學須學好。
56.A lazy youth,a lousy age.
少時懶惰老來苦。
57.He that knows nothing,doubts nothing.
無知即無疑。
58.A good name keeps its luster in the dark.
良好的名聲在黑暗中也能閃閃發(fā)光。
59.Fame is a magnifying glass.
名譽是放大鏡。
60.A good fame is better than a good face.
美名勝于美貌。
61.Fame like a river is narrowest at its
source and broadest afar off.
名譽如河流，發(fā)源處最狹，愈遠愈寬廣。
62.Take honour from me and my life is done.
沒有名譽，就沒有了生命。
63.Beware of him who regards not his reputation.
要謹防不重名譽的人。
64.It is better to die with honour than to live in infamy.
光榮的死勝于羞辱的生。
65.Adversity successfully overcome is the highest glory.
成功地克服困難是最大的光榮。
66.Reputation is often got without merit
and lost without fault.
無功得名是常事，無過失名也是常事。
67.Your father's honour is to you
but a second-hand honour.
對于你來說，父親的榮譽只是間接的榮譽。
68.Never trust another what you should do yourself.
自己該做的事，決不要委托給旁人做。
69.It is an equal failing to trust everybody,
and to trust nobody.
信任一切與不信任任何人，同樣是弱點。
70.Eat a peck of salt with a man before you trust him.
在你信任一個人之前，先要深入了解他。
71.If you trust before you try,
you may repent before you die.
不經(jīng)考驗就依賴，不到瞑目便的悔。
72.Never trust to fine words.
切勿輕信漂亮話。
73.Trust not a great weight to a slender thread.
細線掛重物，終究不可靠。
74.Be just to all,but trust not all.
要對一切人都公正，但不要對一切人都信任。
75.Trust thyself only,and another shall not betray thee.
只要信任你自己，旁人才不出賣你。
76.Self-trust is the essence of heroism.
自信為英雄品質(zhì)之本。
77.Confidence is a plant of slow growth.
信任是一種生長緩慢的植物。
78.Truth is the daughter of time.
真理是時間的女兒。
79.Truth hath a good face,but ill clothes.
真理面目善良;但衣衫襤褸。
80.Truth and roses have thorns about them.
真理和玫瑰，身旁都有刺。
81.Truth may be blamed,but shall never be shamed.
真理可能會被責難，但絕不會受羞辱。
82.Though malice may darken truth,it cannot put it out.
惡意可以糟塌真理;但無法消滅真理。
83.Truth will prevail.
真理必勝。
84.Truth's best ornament is nakedness.
不加掩飾乃是真理的最好裝飾。
85.Facts are stubborn things.
事實是最頑強的東西。
86.Sooner or later,the truth comes to light.
真相遲早會大白。
87.The truths we least like to hear are those
which it is most to our advantage to know.
我們最不愿意聽到的事實，往往是我們知道了會
大有好處的事實。
88.Falsehood like a nettle stings those
who meddle with it.
謊言似蕁麻，玩弄會刺手。
89.There is many a fair thing full false.
有許多說得好聽的東西充滿了謬誤。
90.Though a lie be well drest,it is ever overcome.
謊言裝扮雖不錯，到頭總會被揭露。
GRE作文素材：名人之哥倫布
哥倫布 (Columbus)
Italian mariner and navigator; widely believed to be the first European to sail across the Atlantic Ocean and successfully land on the American continent. Born Cristoforo Colombo, between August and October 1451, in Genoa, Italy. Columbus was the eldest son of Domenico Colombo, a wool-worker and small-scale merchant, and his wife, Susanna Fontanarossa; he had two younger brothers, Bartholomew and Diego. He received little formal education and was a largely self-taught man, later learning to read Latin and write Castilian.
Columbus began working at sea early on, and made his first considerable voyage, to the Aegean island of Chios, in 1475. A year later, he survived a shipwreck off Cape St. Vincent and swam ashore, after which he moved to Lisbon, Portugal, where his brother Bartholomew was living. Both brothers worked as chartmakers, but Columbus already nurtured dreams of making his fortune at sea. In 1477, he sailed to England and Ireland, and possibly Iceland, with the Portuguese marine, and he also bought sugar in Madeira for a Genoese firm.
In 1479, Columbus married Felipa Perestello e Moniz, from an impoverished noble Portuguese family. Their son, Diego, was born in 1480. Felipa died in 1485, and Columbus later began a relationship with Beatriz Enruez de Harana of Cordoba, with whom he had a second son, Ferdinand. (Columbus and Beatriz never married, but he provided for her in his will and legitimatized Ferdinand, in accordance with Castilian law.)
By the mid-1480s, Columbus had become focused on his plans of discovery, chief among them the desire to discover a westward route to Asia. In 1484, he had asked King John II of Portugal to back his voyage west, but had been refused. The next year, he went to Spain with his young son, Diego, to seek the aid of Queen Isabella of Castile and her husband, King Ferdinand of Aragon. Though the Spanish monarchs at first rejected Columbus, they gave him a small annuity to live on, and he remained hopeful of convincing them. In January of 1492, after being twice rebuffed, Columbus obtained the support of Ferdinand and Isabella. The favorable response came directly after the fall of Granada, the last Moorish stronghold in Spain, which led Spanish Christians to believe they were close to eliminating the spread of Islam in southern Europe and beyond. Christian missionary zeal, as well as the desire to increase Spanish prominence in Europe over that of Portugal and the desire for gold and conquest, were the primary driving forces behind Columbus?historic voyage.
On August 3, 1492, the fleet of three ships he Ni, the Pinta, and the Santa Maret forth from Palos, on the Tinto River in southern Spain. After spending nearly a month in the Canary Islands, off the mainland of northwest Africa, the ships continued west, following the parallel of Gomera. According to records of the voyage, weather remained fair throughout. The first sighting of land came at dawn on October 12. (Though Columbus claimed that he himself, on the Ni, was the first to see land, later evidence showed that the sighting was made from the Pinta.) The place of the first Caribbean landfall was most likely modern San Salvador, or Watling Island, in the Bahamas.
Thinking he had reached the East Indies, Columbus referred to the native inhabitants of the island as ndians,?a term that was ultimately applied to all indigenous peoples of the New World. The three ships sailed among other Bahama islands and landed at Cuba, which Columbus convinced himself was the mainland of great Cathay (China). There was little gold there, and his exploration continued by sea to Ayti (Haiti) on December 6, which Columbus renamed La Isla Espa la, or Hispaniola. He seems to have thought Hispaniola was Cipango (Japan); in any case, the land was rich with gold and other natural resources, and allowed Columbus to return to Spain in the spring of 1493 with riches enough to convince his sovereigns of his success.
After a difficult journey back to Europe, Columbus paid a visit to King John II of Portugal, which prompted suspicion that he had collaborated with Spain enemy. He subsequently appeared before Isabella and Ferdinand in Barcelona, displaying gold, exotic birds, herbs and spices, and even human captives that he had brought from the New World. The sovereigns were easily persuaded to fund a second voyagehis time, at least 17 ships and 1,300 men set sail from Ciz on September 25, 1493. En route to Hispaniola and Navidad, the settlement he had founded there, Columbus and his fleet entered the West Indies near Dominica (which he named) and proceeded past Guadeloupe and other Lesser Antilles before reaching Borinqu (modern Puerto Rico).
Upon reaching Navidad, Columbus found the settlement destroyed and the Spanish settlers dead, victims of strong native resistance against their colonial tactics. After building more fortified settlements, including one named La Isabela, in honor of the queen, Columbus declared himself governor of Hispaniola, intending it to become a trading post for European settlers to conduct business with the rich Oriental empires he expected to find. After searching the Cuban coastline and Jamaica for gold, Columbus had decided that Hispaniola was the richest source of gold and other spoils.
In February 1494, 12 ships returned to Spain from La Isabela, commanded by Columbus?associate, Antonio de Torres. Two more of his subordinates, Alonso de Ojeda and Pedro Margarit, led a campaign of violence against the native inhabitants of Hispaniola, in revenge for the murder of their comrades at Navidad. They killed and captured many natives, taking them as slaves, seemingly with the full knowledge and approval of Columbus. Throughout the next two years, the Spaniards continued their resolute conquest and colonization of Hispaniola.
On March 10, 1496, Columbus set sail for Spain, leaving his two brothers, Bartholomew and Diego, in charge of Hispaniola. When he reached C iz, he found Spain at war with France and his benefactors even more eager to acquire gold and other riches from the New World. In command of six ships, three with explorers and three with provisions for settlement on Hispaniola, Columbus set sail for a third westward crossing on May 30, 1498. The first land sighting was at Trinidad, which Columbus named in honor of the Holy Trinity.
When the expedition arrived back at Hispaniola, he found it in disarray, with a revolt mounting against his brothers led by the alcalde (mayor) of La Isabela, Francisco Rold. The chiefs of the indigenous tribes in Hispaniola, as well as a number of Spaniards, were incensed by Bartholomew Columbus?reorganization of the gold production process, which favored certain Spaniards over others and exploited the native labor force. As Columbus tried to restore order, sometimes resorting to hangings, Rold and his fellow opposition leaders sent so many letters of complaint against Columbus and his brothers back to Castile that the rulers sent the Spanish chief justice, Francisco de Bobadilla, to Hispaniola. Bobadilla took Columbus and his brothers into his custody and sent all three men back to Spain in shackles.
Ferdinand and Isabella later ordered Columbus?release, and he appeared before them at Granada in December 1500. The monarchs allowed that Columbus was a superior mariner and navigator, but questioned his abilities to govern. Another man was appointed governor of Hispaniola, and Columbus was given support and permission to begin a fourth expedition. As he prepared for the voyage, which would be his last, Columbus revealed in his writings an even stronger mystical vision of himself as the bearer of Christianity into worlds unknown, a vision that had contrasted sharply with the realities of conquest and colonization in Hispaniola.
He set sail from C?iz on May 9, 1502, with four ships, arriving at Santo Domingo on Hispaniola on June 29. Continuing on down past Jamaica, the southern shore of Cuba, Honduras, and the Mosquito Coast of Nicaragua, Columbus showed navigation skill in a voyage as difficult as his first crossing of the Atlantic. He was searching for the strait to India, but obviously did not find it, and was eventually forced to turn back. En route to Hispaniola, however, his ships were unable to make the distance and had to be beached on the coast of Jamaica in June of 1503. Columbus and his crew spent a year in Jamaica before returning to Spain on a ship sent from Hispaniola on November 7, 1504. Upon arriving there, Columbus learned that Queen Isabella, long his most sympathetic supporter, was on her deathbed. She died on November 26, 1504.
By the end of his final voyage, Columbus?health had deteriorated; he was suffering from arthritis as well as the aftereffects of a bout with malaria. With a small portion of the gold brought from Hispaniola, Columbus was able to live relatively comfortably in Seville for the last year of his life. He was emotionally diminished, however, and felt that the Spanish monarchs had failed tto live up to their side of the agreement and provide him with New World property and gold, especially after Isabella’s death. Columbus followed the court of King Ferdinand from Segovia to Salamanca to Vallodid seeking redress, but was rejected. He died in Vallodid on May 20, 1506. His remains were later moved to the Cathedral of Santo Domingo in Hispaniola, where they were laid with those of his son Diego. They were returned to Spain in 1899 and interred in Seville Cathedral.
The debate over Columbus?character and legacy has continued into the twenty-first century, revived in 1992 with the celebration of the quincentenary of his first voyage to the New World. Though the United States celebrates a national holiday in his honor (on the Monday closest to October 12, the date of the first landfall in 1492), much more attention has been paid in recent years to the Spanish explorers?treatment of the Native American peoples, and the word discovery?has been replaced by encounter?when used to describe Columbus?achievements in regard to the Americas. Columbus went to his grave believing he had reached the shores of Cathay, and that he was a divine missionary, ordained by God to spread Christianity into the New World. In modern society, many have made Columbus out to be a villain and a symbol for all that is exploitative and predatory about the colonization of the Americas by Europe. The true Columbus, it is certain, lies somewhere in the middle.
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如何解決GRE作文論據(jù)素材準備問題
