托福獨立寫作主旨句怎么寫
托福獨立寫作主旨句在寫作中起著非常重要的作用，所以大家在練習(xí)托福獨立寫作的時候一定要了解如何才能寫出好的主旨句。下面小編就和大家分享托福獨立寫作主旨句怎么寫，來欣賞一下吧。
托福獨立寫作主旨句怎么寫?
一.獨立寫作主旨句寫作時有什么要求?
1.主旨句要寫的簡短，不寫長句。
這是因為主旨句是對整段大意的概括，言簡意賅，要求達(dá)到的目的是，當(dāng)考官讀完你的主旨句他就會了解你這段要寫什么。所以說在這個領(lǐng)域，短句要比長句效果更好，最多出現(xiàn)一個從句，盡量不要出現(xiàn)復(fù)雜句。
2.體現(xiàn)題目中的關(guān)鍵詞。
主旨句是概括本段的大意，那我們在寫的時候盡量把主旨句和整篇文章的題目做一下關(guān)聯(lián)，而最好的關(guān)聯(lián)方式呢，就是你重復(fù)一下題目當(dāng)中所出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞，告訴考官“我沒有跑題，我就是按照題目的要求寫的?！?。
3.主旨句需要表達(dá)一個基本邏輯。
這個說法有點空洞不好解釋，我來給大家舉個例子。
假使你的題目是“同不同意老師每天布置作業(yè)”，假設(shè)我要同意老師每天都布置作業(yè)，我是不是要找到每天布置作業(yè)的好處啊?
主旨句的基本邏輯就是這樣的，每天布置作業(yè)對學(xué)生來講有好處一，每天來講布置作業(yè)對學(xué)生有好處二。所以說，這就構(gòu)成了一個基本的邏輯。我要寫清楚，為什么對學(xué)生有好處一，好處一是什么。
為什么對老師有好處二，好處二是什么，這就是一個基本的邏輯。讓考官能非常清楚的(明白)你這一段要展開的基本思路。
二.主旨句寫法實例講解
為大家準(zhǔn)備了充滿節(jié)日氣氛的禮物：
南瓜燈、萬圣節(jié)面具、糖果、水彩筆、卡夾等
接下來我們用兩類題目來給大家講一講，主旨句寫作的時候有沒有什么固定的句型可以使用。
從大的方面來講呢，托福獨立寫作分為兩大類話題，一類叫利弊類，一類叫原因類。
利弊類主旨句寫法
什么是利弊類呢，就是通過找好處壞處能回答這個問題。比如說這個題目：
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
Students doing reading by their own personality is as important as, or more important than reading assigned by teachers.
學(xué)生按照自己的個性去選擇閱讀材料比老師布置閱讀材料更重要。假設(shè)我選擇不同意，我的觀點是，老師布置的閱讀更好，那是不是我要找到老師布置閱讀的基本好處啊?所以說，這就叫做利弊類的話題。
回憶一下我們剛才說的，題目當(dāng)中，主旨句要簡短，要體現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞，也要體現(xiàn)基本邏輯。剛才我們把基本邏輯梳理了，那我們要找一找題目當(dāng)中的關(guān)鍵詞了，比如說題目里邊的reading、assigned by teachers、personality像這些就屬于key words，要盡量在你的topic sentence里出現(xiàn)。比如說我的主旨句可以寫成
第一個好處：
Reading assigned by teachers can help students to enlarge their range of knowledge.
老師布置作業(yè)可以幫助學(xué)生擴(kuò)展他們的知識面。
第二個好處：
Reading arranged by teachers could be beneficial for teachers to supervise the reading task.
老師安排閱讀對老師來講可以更好地去監(jiān)督閱讀任務(wù)的完成。
大家注意一下啊，這個里邊我用了兩個詞，一個是help，一個是be beneficial for，這兩個詞呢都可以表示“好處”，所以說呢這類詞在寫利弊話題類的時候比較常用。
如果大家覺得這個句子是不是有點太簡單，我想寫成一個復(fù)合句，當(dāng)然可以。大家注意看下邊這部分啊，這部分在講的就是用一個從句方式來表達(dá)這個觀點。既然是利弊類，我又說的是好處，那很自然而然的我們就得出一個句型
The first advantage of reading assigned by teachers is that students would have a wider range of knowledge.
這個地方利用了The first advantage of sth is that...這個句式來非常清晰地告訴考官，老師布置作業(yè)的第一個好處是擴(kuò)大知識面。同理，那第二個topic sentence就可以利用同樣的句式來寫了。前邊是“The first advantage”，那第二個怎么寫呢，很容易，可以寫
Another advantage of reading assigned by teachers is that teachers could have better supervision on the reading tasks of students.
所以說這兩個句式也可以比較固定化的表達(dá)，而這種表達(dá)也不會讓人認(rèn)為是模板。因為我就是想寫好處，那自然而然的邏輯就是第一個好處是什么，第二個好處是什么。所以說這樣一寫利弊類的話題(主旨句的)句型，就基本上清晰了。
三.表達(dá)好處和壞處的主旨句句型
總結(jié)一下表達(dá)好處的基本句型：
你可以利用我們剛才第一組的topic sentence是用單句來說的，你可以把題目當(dāng)中的話題變成一個doing的短語，再加上could be helpful、could be useful、could be beneficial for后邊加上好處的對象，再加上一個to do，加上一個具體的好處是什么，這就構(gòu)成了一個主旨句的基本句型。
如果你想用動詞，我不想用helpful、useful這些形容詞，你可以使用contribute to或者使用我們剛才說的那個help，都可以起到同樣表達(dá)“好處”的效果。
表達(dá)壞處的句型：
那表達(dá)“壞處”有什么句型呢，同理，把上邊那個句子稍微改一下就行了， 還需要把題目中的話題變成一個doing的短語，再加上could be harmful for、could be detrimental for、could be undesirable for加上壞處的對象，再加上to do，加上具體的壞處是什么就可以了。
如果你想使用動詞的話，可以使用lead to或者使用cause，這兩個都可以表示產(chǎn)生不良的后果。如果你想用復(fù)合句型來表達(dá)好處壞處的話，上邊那個句型就可以用了。
The first advantage/disadvantage of后邊加上話題，加上is that...的從句，接上好處壞處是什么，就可以了。第二個topic sentence呢，Another advantage/disadvantage of加上話題，再加上is that...，再加上具體的好處或者壞處，這種復(fù)合型的主旨句也能寫出來了。
表達(dá)好處的基本句型有：
1、題目當(dāng)中的話題(doing)+could be helpful/useful/beneficial for +對象+to do具體的好處 …
2、contribute to
表達(dá)壞處的基本句型有：
1、題目當(dāng)中的話題(doing)+could be harmful/detrimental/undesirable for +對象+to do具體的壞處 …
2、lead to/cause
表達(dá)好處/壞處的復(fù)合句型有：
The first advantage/disadvantage of話題is that具體的好處/壞處
Another advantage/disadvantage of話題is that具體的好處/壞處
托福寫作模板：學(xué)校如何改善學(xué)生宿舍
題目
The university will spend money on the dormitory to improve the life quality of students. Which of the following do you think is the best way?
1) Providing a room for quiet study
2) Building an exercise room
3) Providing entertainment place (watch film)
范文1：For Choice 2
If a university wants to improve the quality of life for the students, it should install an exercise room in each dormitory. Exercise balances out a quiet lifestyle based on studying(運動萬能句). An exercise room could contain equipment that is impossible to keep in a dorm room, give students as safe place to work out, and provide an opportunity to meet people with the same interests.
分論點1：運動對學(xué)生很重要Exercise is essential for students, but often they neglect working out and focus only on studies. An exercise room in the dormitory would be easily accessible, so would encourage students to take a short break to keep their bodies fit. An exercise room could contain equipment such as weight benches and stationary bicycles(器械名稱積累) that are too big to keep in the individual dorm room or too expensive to buy or transport from home. An exercise room, therefore, would be a great investment for the university because it would provide the students with training facilities that they would not otherwise have access to without leaving the campus.
分論點2：保障學(xué)生安全A dormitory exercise room is also a wise idea because students would have a safe place to work out. The university could ensure that the equipment is clean and operating properly. On top of that, students would not have to leave the building to work out. Staying inside benefits the students in two ways. 原因1：避免路途中發(fā)生危險First, they do not have to worry about walking alone, possibly late at night when classes are over. That way they do not have to risk trouble with strangers or people following them. 原因2：避免溫度變化引起生病Second, they are not exposed to a severe change in temperature. For example, working out in a warm place and stepping outside in the winter, a person can become sick. Such problems are prevented by staying in the same building.
分論點3：有助于社交Another reason to have an exercise room is to encourage students tointeract with each other(社交萬能句). Students may find it fun to exercise together, urging each other on. Students who enjoy exercising can meet each other and become friends. If the students only exercise on their own, they may not realize that someone else has the same interests. Even if they live in the same dorm, they might not have the same classes, and therefore, not have any reason to speak to each other. A common bond of working out together could be formed if the university installed exercise rooms.
An exercise room allows students to work out on equipment they can’t bring from home in asafe environment with other students who enjoy the same activities. Therefore, adding an exercise room is a great investment for a university.
balance out
平衡,抵消
work out
鍛煉
on top of that
除此以外
to risk trouble with X.X.X
冒著與 X.X.X 產(chǎn)生麻煩的風(fēng)險
a severe change in temperature
天氣的劇烈變化
urge each other on
相互督促
范文2：For Choice 3
To improve the quality of life of its students, our university should create an entertainment room in each dormitory building. An entertainment room would give students a chance to watch movies or attend activities that they otherwise could not, would allow students to make friends with the same interests, and would ensure a safe environment to relax.
分論點1：幫助學(xué)生省錢The stereotype of the “starving college student” may seem trite, but many students are on a tight budget and do not have excess cash for fun, extravagant activities(省錢萬能句). Such students would greatly benefit from an entertainment room because they could, for example, watch movies without paying premium prices to go to a theater. They could enjoy a game of Ping-Pong without needing a car to drive to a community center with a Ping-Pong table. In other words, if each dormitory had its own activity room, students could enjoy a wide range of activities that they otherwise could not afford to do.
分論點2：有助于社交Furthermore, an entertainment room would encourage students to leave their dorm rooms and interact with a larger range of students. Instead of closeting themselves in a single room with an internet connection to the outside world, they can laugh and talk with others about the activities(社交萬能句). Students with different majors or from different grade levels may not have classes in common, but in the activity room, they can find others with the same interests and eventually become friends(社交萬能句). Therefore, an entertainment room would provide opportunities to increase social networks(社交萬能句).
分論點3：保障學(xué)生安全Finally, college students often try risky or outright dangerous stuntsbecause they are living away from home for the first time. For example, they may drink a lot of alcohol and drive a car. In contrast, a dormitory entertainment room could provide safe activities. The room can be monitored so that there are no abuses of drugs or inappropriate behavior, allowing students to relax and enjoy themselves. In addition, if students get together regularly, they can easily observe negative changes in behavior such as a decline into depression(社交的好處、保護(hù)學(xué)生安全的萬能句). Therefore, an entertainment room would give the students a chance to avoid dangerous activities and notice problems before they become serious.
In conclusion, our university should consider adding entertainment rooms in each dormitory. Such rooms can allow students to participate in fun activities and meet others in a safe and supportive environment.
the stereotype of X.X.X
X.X.X 的刻板印象
a tight budget
預(yù)算緊張
have excess cash for fun, extravagant activities有多余的錢用于有趣的、奢侈的活動
closet themselves in a single room把他們自己關(guān)在房間里
outright dangerous stunts完全危險的特技
a decline into depression衰退為抑郁癥
in a safe and supportive environment在一個安全的、支持性的環(huán)境中
托福寫作模板：培養(yǎng)成年人最新技術(shù)
題目
A government plans to spend money for all adults over 25-year-old to take a training course about the most up-to-date skills for the workplace. Do you think it is an effective plan? Why or why not?
參考范文
I think that it would be an effective use of money if the government paid for all adults over 25 years old to take training courses to update their work skills. Although such a program would involve certain expenses, the benefits for individuals and society would outweigh any negatives associated with a well-run continuing education program.
First, I want to qualify that such a program would be optional rather than mandatory. People who do not want to take classes would likely not pay attention or would avoid attending, wasting money that could be better spent elsewhere. Therefore, the program should be optional for anyone who is truly interested in improving skills. It is good for the government to offer such a program for all adults rather than to ones in certain fields or holding certain ranks. That way, the government ensures that everyone has a fair chance to develop without prejudice. For example, if only managers could participate, it might limit the average worker’s ability to advance to higher levels.
It is also important that the skills offered in the program are relevant to the individual’s career path and interests. Given such a program, adults could perform their duties better. They would be more efficient and productive. Companies would have a larger pool of trained workers to draw upon for all departments. Especially in this world of rapidly-changing technology and innovative new equipment and materials, it is important that workers learn the newest methods rather than stagnate. Workers with the latest knowledge in the field would be positioned to further development and increase production.
If production increases, the economy will prosper. Businesses can thrive as people make goods and services and earn salaries that allow them to buy those products, creating an upward spiral.
If all adults improve work skills, not only the marketing sector but also such areas as the arts and health-care sectors will improve. Lives will be enriched on all levels by better entertainment and better standards of living. The government benefits from increased income from taxes. At the same time, it has decreased expenses related to caring for the unemployed or sick.
By paying for adults to take training courses relevant to their jobs, the government creates a win-win situation in which the workers are able to find jobs and perform them efficiently. Productive companies lead to a strong economy that is able to support its own government. Therefore, governments should consider financing training courses for all adults.
詞句積累
well-run 運行良好的
be optional for 可選擇的
draw upon 利用
rapidly-changing 急劇變化的
upward spiral 螺旋式上升
benefits from X 從X受益
relevant to 相關(guān)的
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