托福寫(xiě)作難點(diǎn)分析
托福寫(xiě)作是托福考試中最后一項(xiàng)，也是托福寫(xiě)作中的難點(diǎn)。很多同學(xué)托?？荚嚩荚栽诹送懈?xiě)作中。下面小編就和大家分享托福寫(xiě)作難點(diǎn)分析 ,希望能夠幫助到大家，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。
托福寫(xiě)作難點(diǎn)分析
托福寫(xiě)作難點(diǎn)一：提綱
很多考生在看到作文題的時(shí)候，往往就急速下手，并沒(méi)有花一定的時(shí)間去構(gòu)思整篇文章的寫(xiě)作思路，最終使得作文的章法缺乏條理，內(nèi)容架構(gòu)很不清晰。往往這樣的考生很多一部分只是跟著自己的寫(xiě)作感覺(jué)走，稍不留神就會(huì)出問(wèn)題。
要控制因胡亂寫(xiě)作所造成的篇章思路混亂模糊，考生須嚴(yán)格按照三點(diǎn)提綱來(lái)寫(xiě)。假如第一段要求描述某個(gè)現(xiàn)象，務(wù)必不要先進(jìn)入到原因分析，否則到了第二段該分析原因的時(shí)候就沒(méi)東西可寫(xiě)了。
另外，有的考生一方面有話則多，一發(fā)而不可收，控制不了自己;一方面無(wú)話則隱，該說(shuō)的話沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)出來(lái)。
我們不妨把作文的要求量化到每一個(gè)段落：一篇200詞左右的作文一般不會(huì)超過(guò)15句話，把這15句話根據(jù)題目要求分配到各段中去，每一段大概只說(shuō)那么幾句話，絕不多說(shuō)，事實(shí)上往往是說(shuō)得越多，錯(cuò)誤越多。
因此，順著提綱走，每一段不要寫(xiě)得太多，點(diǎn)到為止，見(jiàn)好就收，這才是最穩(wěn)妥的對(duì)策。
托福寫(xiě)作難點(diǎn)二：思路
這種情況經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)，尤其是那些平時(shí)感覺(jué)英語(yǔ)水平很好，但是一談到寫(xiě)作，常常就會(huì)沒(méi)有思路，不知如何下手，針對(duì)這種情況，我們對(duì)思路擴(kuò)展提出兩種方法，能迅速有效幫助學(xué)生解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
(一)歸類法：
在平時(shí)閱讀時(shí)，需要時(shí)刻注意按照文章的體裁進(jìn)行歸類，如詩(shī)歌、散文、小說(shuō)、戲劇、或記敘文、說(shuō)明文、議論文。在閱讀時(shí)，將內(nèi)容相近，體裁相同或體裁不相同的文章進(jìn)行比較，通過(guò)比較領(lǐng)悟文章的美妙之處，學(xué)習(xí)作者獨(dú)特的寫(xiě)作思路和觀點(diǎn)的闡述方法，句法結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)等等。
(二)總括法：
就是要求考生對(duì)各個(gè)題材文章的總體架構(gòu)和寫(xiě)作思路有一個(gè)宏觀的把握。譬如：議論文是對(duì)某個(gè)議論對(duì)象，提出見(jiàn)解或主張并說(shuō)明理由，使讀者信服的文章。它的基本特點(diǎn)是議論的說(shuō)服性而議論文的組成要素分為：論題，論點(diǎn)(中心論點(diǎn)，分論點(diǎn))，論據(jù)，論證。了解的這些你就可以按照文章大體框架去展開(kāi)你的思路了。
托福寫(xiě)作難點(diǎn)三：寫(xiě)作未必要真實(shí)
考試時(shí)，監(jiān)考老師通常發(fā)現(xiàn)有的考生坐在那里根本就是在玩深沉，他在那里思考人生的偉大哲理，他在那里要想出一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，想出一個(gè)理由，想出一個(gè)措施，非得要顯得與眾不同不可。
限入這種境地的考生，顯然犯了一個(gè)根本性的錯(cuò)誤，參考時(shí)間為40分鐘的作文，一般應(yīng)該在35分鐘之內(nèi)完成，再用幾分鐘的時(shí)間檢查語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，可有的考生十幾分鐘一句話都寫(xiě)不了，就是因?yàn)樗M(jìn)入角色了，他想向判卷的老師掏心掏肺，這是一個(gè)很大的誤區(qū)。
考作文的目的純粹是通過(guò)這一命題形式，考查考生的英語(yǔ)水平如何。命題人關(guān)注的是書(shū)面表達(dá)能力，以2000年作文題為例，至于為什么海洋里的魚(yú)越來(lái)越少，原因基本成立，內(nèi)容相關(guān)即可，根本就沒(méi)有必要想破腦袋去找原因，不要去猜測(cè)判卷的老師喜歡什么觀點(diǎn)，只有當(dāng)作文明顯跑題時(shí)，內(nèi)容才體現(xiàn)出其重要性。
不管原因也好，措施也好，某一考生想到的任何一點(diǎn)，很可能命題人早已料到，而且肯定會(huì)被成千上萬(wàn)的考生重復(fù)無(wú)數(shù)遍，因而曾經(jīng)令自己激動(dòng)一時(shí)的想法，在判卷老師看來(lái)全無(wú)感覺(jué)。所以，規(guī)定式作文的拓展空間本來(lái)就非常有限，“真情流露”是沒(méi)有必要的。
托福寫(xiě)作難點(diǎn)四：表達(dá)流暢性
對(duì)與考生來(lái)將寫(xiě)作的最大的障礙英語(yǔ)的書(shū)面表達(dá)。對(duì)于這一點(diǎn)，首先要樹(shù)立起信心，實(shí)際上大部分考生都受過(guò)正規(guī)的大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教育，即使是一些自學(xué)的考生，其英語(yǔ)水平足以具有寫(xiě)好一篇作文的潛力。關(guān)鍵在于要把這種潛力挖掘出來(lái)。對(duì)于要求考生用英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行思維來(lái)達(dá)到寫(xiě)作的目標(biāo)是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的，如果能用英語(yǔ)思維，也就談不上會(huì)遇到多大的困境了。
在實(shí)際寫(xiě)作過(guò)程當(dāng)中，腦子里想的是中文句子，然后把一個(gè)一個(gè)的中文句子譯成英文。在翻譯的時(shí)候努力在尋找一一對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)系，希望找到與中文詞一一對(duì)應(yīng)的英文單詞，結(jié)果是句結(jié)構(gòu)和單詞的選用顯然受到中文的影響，自己感覺(jué)上也是“憋”得費(fèi)勁，或者覺(jué)得表達(dá)出來(lái)了，意思差不多，而實(shí)際上給人的感受依然還是中文。若是讓老外來(lái)看這篇作文的話，也許根本就弄不清楚文章的內(nèi)容，而判卷的中國(guó)老師在判卷時(shí)往往能想象出文章是怎樣寫(xiě)出來(lái)的。
考生平常不妨做一做這樣的練習(xí)，通過(guò)閱讀不認(rèn)識(shí)的詞條的英文注釋，然后試著把單詞譯成中文詞，再去對(duì)照英譯詞典的漢語(yǔ)釋義，慢慢地就會(huì)開(kāi)始領(lǐng)會(huì)用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)的門(mén)道了。之所以強(qiáng)調(diào)這樣做是因?yàn)槔饰脑~典語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)明，例句來(lái)自活生生的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活，不同于傳統(tǒng)的英語(yǔ)詞典從文學(xué)作品里摘錄例句的做法。正因?yàn)槿绱耍湓~匯量比較貼近我們的詞匯基礎(chǔ)。只要讀得多，自然就會(huì)受其影響，明白這樣做的其中奧妙。
托?？荚囎魑莫?dú)立寫(xiě)作范文：擁有多項(xiàng)技能的人更成功
People who develop different skills are more successful than people who develop one skill only.
托福寫(xiě)作范文參考:
When it comes to the qualities of successful people, people varying in education background and experience tend to give distinctive answers. Some would argue that those who are successful should be versatile and excel in lots of skills like communication skills, leadership skills and even organizational skills while others believe that one who is exceptional in one area is more likely to be successful. I personally believe that a versatile person with various skill sets can be more successful.
Admittedly, as the saying goes Jack of all trades and master of none and there are rare cases where some people who are expert in only one field stand out. However, it is more common for versatile people with multiple skills to be successful because of the following reasons.
First off, people who are talented and versatile are more competitive and competent in their career, and they enjoy a better change to be promoted in a professional setting. Actually, a lot of positions require a combination of skill sets, such as paying attention to details, knowledge in a specific field and communication skills, etc. Indeed, more skills will give someone more chance to get promoted. For instance, if a computer programmer just knows how to write program and focuses only on the technical side of the job, chances are that he would never get promoted. On the other hand, if not only does the computer programmer have programming skills but also he is a genius people-wise, he might get a better shot to be promoted as a manager in charge of a team of computer programmers. Thus, he can enjoy more opportunities in his career.
Additionally, it is much easier for a versatile person with various skill sets to build rapport with people and make friends. It is self-evident that people with all kinds of skills will be very attractive and charismatic. A person who not only has professional knowledge in one specific field but also has people skills and leadership skills will be very popular and standing out among his or her peers. For instance, my friend Alex, a bright young professional working in the financial industrial. He was awarded the most valuable banker in his company because of his professionalism and dedication to serving the customers and clients. Not only is he successful in his professional life, but also he is an amateur violinist. Actually, he plays for a city choir to represent the community and go against other cities' choir. Such skills can be very useful when building up connections with people and thus he can expand his social network easily. Furthermore, he can use these skills to entertain his clients and customers on certain occasions and have their trust on him.
In conclusion, a versatile person with various skill sets can be more competitive and outstrip others in the workplace, eventually they enjoy better chance to be promoted. Another advantage of having multiples skills is that it can be much easier and readily for them to network and expand their social connections.
托?？荚囎魑莫?dú)立寫(xiě)作范文：花長(zhǎng)時(shí)間做重要決定是好品質(zhì)嗎
(A/D)Spending a long time in making an important decision is often considered as a bad quality. However, some people think that it is a good quality for a person.
舉一反三：
A/D: One quality that a successful leader must have is to make decision quickly; when a leader takes too much time to make decisions, he will be seen as ineffective to the people he lead.
點(diǎn)睛
題目大意：花長(zhǎng)時(shí)間做重要決定是一種好的品質(zhì)。建議選擇不同意，即認(rèn)為快速做決策才是一種好的品質(zhì)，因?yàn)橐皇强梢宰プC(jī)會(huì)，二是可以體現(xiàn)一個(gè)人超強(qiáng)的分析和預(yù)判能力。
2016年8月20日托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作題目： A/D: One quality that a successful leader must have is to make decision quickly; when a leader takes too much time to make decisions, he will be seen as ineffective to the people he lead. (來(lái)自學(xué)生回憶版，與原題可能有少許出入，但題干表達(dá)意思大體相同)
這是一篇難度較大的獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作，首先所需要論證的題干中的快速做出決策的這一點(diǎn)就相對(duì)而言比較抽象，尤其是對(duì)于中學(xué)生考生而言，因?yàn)槭紫仍谒悸飞虾茈y對(duì)題干形成有效的展開(kāi)，其次大部分同學(xué)平時(shí)素材的積累很少，更別說(shuō)這類關(guān)于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)類的素材。
寫(xiě)作參考一:
With the society becoming increasingly complex, we make numerous decisions every single day, some of which are simple while others of which are more complex. The issue whether Spending a long time in making an important decision is often considered as a good quality has triggered a hot debate. Personally speaking, my answer towards this question is negative, that is, making quick decision is good, for the following reasons.
First of all, making quick decisions can help people grasp the precious opportunities.As is known to all, change is the permanent topic in nearly every area of life including day-to-day life and business world. In other words, the opportunities may vanish in the blink of an eye. As a result, people who spend much time pondering different paths for the fear of making errors may end up missing out the chances. On the contrary, quick decision making will boost the likelihood of seizing the opportunities, which makes his or her have an edge over other competitors. This is especially true of the business competition. In the commercial world, To illustrate, a decisive leader will not block subordinates from getting things done and thus . For example, if an entrepreneur find changes in the needs of customers, there is a need of quick decisions to satisfy their new demand. Without quick response to the appeals of the clients, competitors around the same business may take the initiative to make headway in these emerging markets.
Apart from that, making quick decicions reflects the strong ability of analysis of a person. As is common sense, analytical skills is a basis for quick decision making. As you can see, an analytical skill is the ability of a person to draw conclusions and to make quality decisions based on incomplete information. Put it in another way, the characteristic of analytical people is to address all of the critical elements needed for a successful outcome more quickly than average persons can do. Consequently, these decisive people will leave a good impression on others and thus improve their charisma. By contrast, spending too much time in making decisions means that you can only make up your mind after collecting all the information. This practice may make others feel that you are hesitant in doing things.
Admittedly, some opponents may assert that it is a good quality to spend a long time in decision-making, because the quality of the decision certainly depends on the speed of making it. However, the above claim has overlooked a fact that no matter how much time you spend making a decision, there is always a chance that it won’t turn out the way you had envisioned. In this case, the quick decision making can help you more timely fix the wrong decisions.
In a nutshell, spending long time in decision making is anything but a good quality, because people will let opportunities slip off and leave a indecisive impression on others.
寫(xiě)作參考二:
An efficient leader is a key factor for the successful development of an enterprise and how to define an effective leader varies from person to person. Some people may believe a leader must make a quick decision to be successful since opportunity seldom knocks twice. However, some others contradict with the statement and they argue that leaders, especially those in the area of politics and business, have to be patient enough to be considerate. From my perspective, I am more favor of the former one.
When it comes to the area of business, leaders have to acclimatize themselves to the constantly changing environment and respond soon enough to grasp the chance. A number of examples can be found around us to demonstrate the exceptional urgency of making quick decision. Mark Zuckerberg made a quick decision to acquire Instagram, which turned out to be bold but successful, given Twitter, one of Facebook’s strongest competitors, had already considered to merge Ins. Besides, the landslide of Apple over Nokia, one of the giants in the phones’ market can prove the importance of responding quick for leaders. Those leaders of conventional ideas in Nokia stuck to manufacturing keyboard phones and still refused to center on developing and researching Touch-screen technology, which has proven to be a big mistake. As a result, Nokia had to declare bankruptcy. When reflecting on the failure of Nokia and success of Apple, the key is to make a quick decision to reform products to satisfy consumers’ tastes and demands.
Speaking of national leaders, making a swift and effective decision will be highly indispensable to deal with various emergencies. To prevent the exacerbation of some events, politicians have to take quick and credible actions. For instance, the outburst of Ebola virus has caused serious damage to human beings and as a leader of a country, he has to make an instantaneous decision to assemble medical experts and restrict the migration movement of population. Another convincing example would be the military action aiming at ISIS, a self-proclaimed country but a terror organization. The president of the United States called on Britain and several other Western countries to launch a joint military strike to crack down those terrorists after many innocent civilians including journalists, local residents or tourists from different country were killed by those extremists. Although the terror group was not wiped out yet, the immediate action had played a major role in reducing threats from those. Obviously, for politicians and national leaders, it is necessary to take quick action.
Admittedly, there is also an opposite voice echoing that leaders have to be patient to reduce the possibilities of causing missteps. For instance, during World War Two, to win the success, Franklin Roosevelt gave the order to hit Japan by dropping atomic bombs soon after the Pearl Harbor was attacked. The explosion of those two atomic bombs led Japan to surrender, however, caused huge damage to local environment. It appears plausible, however, the consequences of not using atomic bombs would be more disastrous because of Japan militarism’s great harm to the entire human beings.
To conclude, leaders have to make a response and decision as quick as possible in most occasions no matter which field they are in.
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托福寫(xiě)作難點(diǎn)分析
