托福綜合寫作高效備考攻略
托福綜合寫作是托?？荚囍械碾y點之一，它的難主要體現(xiàn)在融合了閱讀聽力和寫作三部分，那么托福綜合寫作應(yīng)該如何高效備考呢?下面小編就和大家分享托福綜合寫作高效備考攻略，來欣賞一下吧。
托福綜合寫作高效備考攻略 先了解考試要求再做針對性提高
了解托福綜合寫作考試要求
我們先簡單摘要綜合作文題的題目要求中的若干重點信息。
lRead a passage about an academic topic and listen to a lecture about the same topic寫作考試前，考生需要閱讀一篇250單詞左右的文章和聽一篇相同題材、類似長度的聽力材料;
lA question about the relation between the lecture and the reading passage考生需要書寫一篇文章以說明該閱讀材料和聽力材料之間的關(guān)系;
lUse information from the reading passage and the lecture but no personal opinion考生在寫作過程中應(yīng)合理的使用聽力和閱讀材料中的信息并不得加入個人的意見和觀點;
lBe judged on the quality of your writing and on the completeness and accuracy of the content考生文章的優(yōu)劣評判將基于其行文的質(zhì)量和文章內(nèi)容的完整和準(zhǔn)確性。
從上述的題目要求中我們不難看出，綜合類作文的考察要點在于總結(jié)歸納summarize和改寫rewrite兩個方面。所謂總結(jié)歸納的能力也就是說考察方希望考生能夠在規(guī)定的時間內(nèi)掌握一定長度和一定難度的閱讀和聽力材料中所涉及到的重點信息和論證結(jié)構(gòu);而所謂的改寫能力則要求考生將兩部分材料中的重點信息和論證方式用新的語言和結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行展示和歸納。因此，要想將綜合類作文完整并準(zhǔn)確的完成，考生需要提高的也即使這兩個方面的能力。
提升歸納總結(jié)能力是提升綜合寫作的關(guān)鍵
對于題目中給出的閱讀和聽力材料，特別是聽力材料，考生需要在很短的時間內(nèi)把握其重點信息和論證方法，這是綜合寫作的第一個難點。但由于涉及的題材都是一些學(xué)術(shù)的文章和報道，所以在歸納方面還是有一定的規(guī)律可循，考生如能掌握以下重點并多加練習(xí)，必能攻破這一難關(guān)。
首先，閱讀的部分往往來源于一些學(xué)術(shù)類的文章，因此其內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)往往都有很好的邏輯性和完整性，往往文章的首句會提出文章的談?wù)摫尘昂蛯ο?，并緊跟其后提出文章的主題，而接下來的文字則會圍繞這個主題展開一些細(xì)節(jié)性的話題。同時，文章的最后一段也會有重點的觀點和信息，也是考生重點要把握的部分。而在段落中間，一般情況下，學(xué)術(shù)類文章采取歸納式(先進(jìn)行論證或舉例子后總結(jié)觀點)和討論式(以主題句開頭后面進(jìn)行論證)的模式，同時考生應(yīng)該要多注意表示轉(zhuǎn)折、因果關(guān)系和總結(jié)性的連接詞，把握了這些內(nèi)容，對于考生掌握閱讀材料的重點信息和結(jié)構(gòu)有很大的幫助。
其次對于聽力材料，這是綜合類寫作過程中的難點，但考生在已經(jīng)理解了閱讀材料的基礎(chǔ)上，對于聽力材料的主題就已經(jīng)有了一定的把握，因此考生需要將聽力的重點放在判斷聽力文章的觀點和閱讀文章的觀點的比較上，是互相支持還是互相對立，支持或?qū)α⒌挠^點分別用哪些論證手段和實例來證明。但是，由于聽力材料不會再次出現(xiàn)，因此考生一定要在聽力過程中過好筆記，記住關(guān)鍵性的句子和詞語，為此朗閣海外考試研究中心建議考生平時多做相關(guān)聽力資料的聽取和筆記練習(xí)。
注意把握文章整體的結(jié)構(gòu)
在總結(jié)了聽力和閱讀材料的重點信息之后，如何能夠?qū)⑵湎嚓P(guān)性清晰并準(zhǔn)確的表達(dá)出來，則是綜合類作文寫作成功的第二步，這里就涉及到如何能夠使用具有較強(qiáng)邏輯性和完整的文章結(jié)構(gòu)。對此，朗閣海外考試研究中心建議考生可以自己制定相關(guān)的寫作思維模板，將文章如何分段及每一段具體表達(dá)哪些信息固定下來，并反復(fù)練習(xí)，這樣既可以保證文章的質(zhì)量，又可以在實際的考試過程中節(jié)約構(gòu)思和思考的時間。
而在構(gòu)建寫作思維模板的時候，考生可以從以下幾個方面去考慮：
l第一段需要將聽力和閱讀材料的核心內(nèi)容展示出來并點明兩者觀點是否相互支持抑或者相互對立;
l第二段也即是主體段落可以分為幾個小段，分別從各個不同的角度總結(jié)并得出兩篇文字材料相互支持或者對立的證據(jù);
l最后一段結(jié)尾段可總結(jié)一下主要的論證對象并重申兩份材料對于該論證對象的主要看法，在這一段構(gòu)思過程中一定要注意，切忌加入自己對這一問題的看法和觀點。
l對于一些固定的表達(dá)，如“聽力材料就某某問題主要從某個角度展開了論證”、“首先，對于閱讀材料中提出的某某觀點，在聽力材料中用反例的方法提出了質(zhì)疑”、“最后，對于閱讀材料中的某一觀點，聽力材料通過幾個方面的細(xì)化進(jìn)行了支持性的論證”等等在寫作過程中必用的表達(dá)，考生應(yīng)該事先就做好準(zhǔn)備，而不應(yīng)該在考試時才去匆忙思考。
提高自己的英文改寫能力
談到綜合類寫作過程中的改寫問題，主要有兩個方面，單詞的同義詞改寫和句子的語法結(jié)構(gòu)以及同義表達(dá)改寫。單詞的改寫包括同義詞改寫、詞性改寫，而句子的改寫包括關(guān)系詞、連接詞的改寫、詞序的改寫和分詞的使用等等。對于這個部分的練習(xí)，需要考生在平時閱讀英文文章的時候，多進(jìn)行相關(guān)的總結(jié)和練習(xí)。而朗閣海外考試研究中心向考生推薦平時在做閱讀和聽力練習(xí)的時候，就可以關(guān)注材料和題目的相對信息，往往就是十分地道的改寫方式，非常值得參考和借鑒。
托福考試作文獨立寫作范文：年長的人和同齡人的建議更有價值嗎
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Getting advice from friends who are older than you is more valuable than getting advice from friends in your same age.
試題分析：
是否新題：否
重復(fù)情況：北美2009-3-24考題
題材：社會類
觀點： 同意
4月9日托福獨立寫作思路：
1. 家長會給我們提一些建議，他們教我們?nèi)绾芜x擇朋友，發(fā)現(xiàn)我們潛在的能力;
2. 老師會給我們提一些建議，幫助我們解決學(xué)習(xí)上的問題，指導(dǎo)我們進(jìn)行職業(yè)規(guī)劃;
3. 導(dǎo)師會給我們提一些建議，幫助我們培養(yǎng)工作技能，管理人際關(guān)系。
4月9日托福獨立寫作題目：
Getting advice from friends who are older than you is more valuable than getting advice from friends your same age. Do you agree or disagree ?從年長的朋友處得到的建議比從同齡的朋友處得到的建議更加有價值?(2016年4月9日)
點睛：
題目大意：從年長的人獲得建議要比從同齡人獲得建議更有價值。此題目重復(fù)2014年11月8日B卷原題，解題思路和老年人的建議有沒有價值是一樣的。波波建議選擇同意，對advice 進(jìn)行拆分，拆分成工作和教育兩個角度，分別證明年長人的意見的價值。
范文參考一:
【首段】 背景介紹 + 爭議焦點 + 作家立場
A close friend is what every individual longs after. After all, a day without friendship is like a day without sunshine. A true friend should be one from who we can resort to for help or get valuable suggestions when we are in time of adversity. People differ greatly in their views as to whether or not guidance and advice from older friends is superior to the counterparts from peers. As I see it, advice from elderly friends deserves more praises, although suggestions from our peers are never without their merits.
【二段】年長的朋友的建議的利好
For a start，rich life experience could be seen as a sort of precious wealth, including those bitter or frustrating experiences. Every individual grows up via experiencing failure or dilemma, one might，at times，feel puzzled，thereby，he or she needs advice and guidance from friends.
Under such circumstances, older friends could be our best teachers because they have accumulated a pool of life wisdom, thus, their advice could be precious life guidance. A survey is persuasive enough to justify my stand, the survey conducted by Vista, after consulting many people have found that most respondents claimed that compared with communicating with peers, they prefer to get advice from elderly friends, for their suggestions could help to diminish the likelihood of failure and avoid detours
【三段】年長的朋友的建議的利好
This debate reminds me of my Uncle Paul, who is a successful business leader. My uncle had studied in New Zealand for more than five years, so, he strongly recommended me to study abroad when facing with the option of studying at home or furthering my study in a foreign country. His suggestion was that a young man could become mature, tenacious and confident by personal struggle in an unfamiliar environment.
After listening to my uncle’s advice, I studied even harder during the process of self-improvement, I happily found that I can be more attentive and have more self-discipline. More importantly, I had a clear goal to fight for. It was the suggestion form my uncle that helps me to hardened my heart to study overseas. I had deliberately chosen to lead the life I desire, for the life wisdom learning from my uncle could be considered as a shortcut to success.
【四段】年輕朋友的建議也有利好
Indeed, I have to concede that suggestions from peers might still their merits to some extent. An argument hold by some people is that people of the similar age have a lot in common such as growth environment or educational background, in this sense, their communication could be more convincing.
Furthermore, some people might argue that the experiences of past bear little relevance to today’s life. What I want to rebut，however，is that youngster’s understanding about life is far from mature compared with those from older friends, after all, older friends are more far-sighted and wise.
【尾段】再次亮明觀點
In closing, I re-affirm my conviction that guidance and suggestions from mature friends expert a far more profound and beneficial effect on one’s action.
寫作參考二:
Since any individual, whether young or old, will encounter various problems and troubles throughout the whole life, it is certainly necessary to consult others for suggestions and solutions. Nowadays many young people hold that advice from their peers is usually more valuable than that from people of older age, because people at the same age are more likely to understand their situation. However, as far as I am concerned, it is a wise move to listen to the older people’s suggestions, because rich experience and profound knowledge accumulated by older people will offer us a proper guidance in many ways, especially in the aspects of receiving education and hunting for a job.
First of all, consider the educational issue. Obviously, students are constantly faced with various upcoming problems and puzzles in the course of furthering their study. As for high school students, the would-be undergraduates, how to successful apply for an ideal university and choose a promosing major usually matters a lot. In order to unravel the above puzzels, they had better consult those people of older age who will give advices such as passing TOEFL with top score and participating various extracurricular activities. In fact, the above experience is exclusive to those who have undergone the whole process of applying for university. Also, as newcomers entering college or universities, the freshmen are usually confronted with various troubles while embarking on the brandnew campus life. To be specific, some students from disadvantaged families may be concerned about how to gain scholarship from school. The sophermores and junior students are likely to provide practical instructions instead of their classmates.
Furthermore, the same logic can apply to job-hunting. After leaving schools, graduates will enter the highly competitive job market. Due to the lack of knowledge of the real working environment, they are in great need of instructions and suggestions from senior employees. To be specific, senior employees can hold a interview training, in which students will be informed of how to dress up, how to write a resume and how to respond to the questions from interviewers. Also, the skills of communicating efficiently with the employers and the ability to get along well with co-workers will be imparted to potential employees. On the contrary, people at the same age with us are also still feel confused about how to seek an ideal job, thus reducing the value of the suggestion given by them.
Admittedly, the generation gap between us and people of older age may poses an obstruction to communication between them. However, the above claim is far from the truth. With the improvement of educational background on the part of the elder, they are able to guide yongsters in a more acceptable way and thus the gap between the younger and the older can be well bridged.
In conclusion, the advice from the elder is of greater value than that from the peers, especially when we meet problems in education and career.
寫作參考三:
Whenever people have some difficult problems that seem to be insurmountable, tend to seek advice or suggestions from others around them. In my opinion, advice is better obtained from people who are older than you, such as parents, teachers and supervisors.
To start with, many people have the experience that a loving parent gives them much needed advice. For example, when children still young and immature, parents can help them choose suitable friends because they are better able to judge people's personalities. Also as the first teachers who observe you on a daily basis, parents can easily discover children's potential talents and give them appropriate advice for improvement.
Similarly, an effective teacher is a good source of advice for his or her students. With the increasing workload for students in modern education, it is natural that most of them have a number of academic problems, and no one is better than a qualified and dedicated teacher to help them solve them. More importantly, when students are confused about choosing jobs upon graduation, teachers can give proper guidance for their future career development.
Finally, for ordinary workers, a good supervisor can be relied on for advice. In most situations, a supervisor is older or much older than their subordinates and , therefore, has gathered more experience both in work and life. As a matter of fact, their suggestions can often help you develop your work skills. And as a senior leader, they can teach you how to manage interpersonal relationships.
In conclusion , older people' s advice , whether they you are your parents , teachers or supervisors , is more valuable because they are more knowledgeable , experienced and mature.
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