如何寫好托福寫作高分句子
八月的托福寫作考試中,除了需要邏輯性和文章結(jié)構(gòu)的整體性,更需要經(jīng)典不生硬的高分句型,今天小編給大家?guī)砹巳绾螌懞猛懈懽鞲叻志渥?,希望能夠幫助到大家,下面小編就和大家分享,來欣賞一下吧
如何寫好托福寫作高分句子
1.托福文章中的句式開頭
首先,句子開頭的變化目的是讓句子變得更多樣。我們可以通過添加不定式,介詞和分詞短語來增長句子而且能明顯豐富起來?!∽屛覀兛磦€例子:Immediately, the police officer got out of the car and asked for my driver’s license.,immediately放在句首,可以讓句子更多樣,看起來富于變化。
再看一個例子:Farmlands, however, were less possible to be polluted because of fewer factories in the past.那這句又把however又放在了主語的后邊,謂語動詞的前邊,組成了一個插入語也可以。像這種句首的副詞是一種變化方式。接下來,你還可以用短語來開頭。
看這個例子,In the arena, fans stood with their hands over their hearts and sang the National Anthem with the purpose of showing respect to their country.
大家注意看,這是一個單句,但是這句話寫的也比較長,你看一下,開頭是用了一個In the arena,然后在句子的末尾加了一個介詞短語with purpose of doing something。前邊加了一個介詞短語,后邊加了一個介詞短語,那整個這句話變得就比較長了,也變得比較多樣了。所以說介詞短語,也可以讓你的句子變得多樣,且長度增加。然后還有一種方式,就是在句子的開頭放上一個不定式,比如說To win,或者是寫成in order to win,candidates need to convey a clear message that is not contaminated by the opposition.前邊加了一個in order to或者是to,也可以讓句子變得多樣,且長度增加。還有一種方式,利用現(xiàn)在分詞來開頭。比如說,Tapping the power of being seen, the Oscar nominees appeared on late-night television, morning news programs, and in glossy magazines.
現(xiàn)在分詞tapping就可以起到讓句子開頭有變化的這種作用,但是注意,tapping出現(xiàn)ing的時候證明這個詞的主語跟后面主句的主語一致,這種情況下才可以使用ing的形式來開頭。同樣呢,我們還可以使用過去分詞做開頭,但這種情況下要求后一句的主語要和前邊的這個分詞形成被動關(guān)系,比如說,Seen from the space, the Earth is a blue planet.,其實就是the earth is seen from the space, the Earth is a blue planet.。所以說這種情況下注意主動和被動關(guān)系就行了。所以說我們稍微總結(jié)一下,句子開頭變化可以句首+副詞,還可以用短語來開頭,還可以用不定式,和分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。
2.托福寫作中的平行結(jié)構(gòu)
平行結(jié)構(gòu)其實非常好用,往往被大家忽視。比如說:My embarrassment stemmed not from the money lost but from the notoriety gained.,所以這個地方在說的時候你要想清楚,你看這句話not from...,but from...,這樣可以讓你的句子變得更加的豐富。
接下來,She wanted her audience to remember the protest song and to understand its origin.,to remember...,and to understand...,這兩個不定式同時也構(gòu)成了一個平行的結(jié)構(gòu)。下一句,The team members vowed that they would support each other, that they would play their best, and that they would win the tournament.
注意,這三個平行結(jié)構(gòu)是怎么構(gòu)成的呢?三個賓語從句,that...,that...,and that...,所以說這一下這個句子就能拉長。
再看下邊一個例子,Whether her goals include publicizing student and faculty research or increasing research funding, she always works to improve research facilities.注意,whether后邊加的是publicizing...or increasing...,所以說用doing的方式也可以構(gòu)成平行結(jié)構(gòu)。
平行結(jié)構(gòu)說的簡單點,就是用同樣的結(jié)構(gòu)來并列,形成一種關(guān)系。常見的可以引導(dǎo)平行結(jié)構(gòu)的短語有:
both...and...;either...or...;neither...nor...;not only...but also...;whether...or...
這都是大家很熟悉的短語。只不過大家平時用的時候都是用名詞,both A and B,A和B都是簡單的名詞或者代詞,你沒有想想是不是可以用短語來代替這些詞,也可以加長句子的長度。
3.托福寫作中的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)
分詞結(jié)構(gòu)我們主要說分詞做后置作定語的這種方式。比如說看例子:By contrast, people living in the city are suffering from various diseases caused by the environmental contamination, for pollutants from factories and automobiles are continually being discharged into the air and rivers.
這句話里邊people living in the city其實就是people who live in the city,主動語態(tài)放在后邊就可以用一個doing的形式來簡化這個定語從句,后邊那個various diseases caused by...,其實就是diseases which are caused by...所以說這種過去分詞也可以做后置定語,只要和前邊的是個被動的關(guān)系就可以了。因此,分詞結(jié)構(gòu)也能夠使句子變得更加豐富更加多樣。
托福語法:復(fù)詞及真題解題要點
副詞是TOEEL測試中非?;钴S的詞類。它與形容詞一樣,是詞類變化題型必考的詞性。一般說來,有關(guān)副詞的題目并不很難。絕大部分考的是副詞詞性的判斷。題型主要有下述幾項:(1)副詞與形容詞混淆(詳見本憶要點之[詞類變化])(2)否定副詞Not 的用法、(3)易混淆的副詞。
副詞??碱}型及解題要點
1 副詞與形容詞的功能區(qū)別:形容詞修飾名詞;副詞修飾除名詞以外的所有詞性及句子成分
[例1] The ordeal of the Cherokee Indians, who were forcible moved from their homeland in the 1830., is remembered as the .ears. (91.10)
[答案] B 修飾動詞moved應(yīng)用副詞forcibly。
[例2] Although the United States experienced rapidly growth in the first half of the nincieenth century, it was still predominately concerned with agriculture and forestry. (93.10)
[答案] A 修飾名詞growth應(yīng)用形容詞rapid,而不用副詞rapidly。 此題是TOEEL??碱愋皖}。請注意以- ly后綴構(gòu)成的副詞通常是命題焦點。
2. 否定詞not與形容詞no的區(qū)別
解題要點: 區(qū)分副詞not和形容詞no的命題是TOEEL常考的題型,主要分布在structure (1-15題)中。當(dāng)not或no出現(xiàn)在選擇答案中,應(yīng)首先判斷它所修飾的中心詞的詞性以決定選哪一個否定詞。
全真例分析
(1) Since Alaska attained statehood in 1959------- single party has dominated politics there.
(A) none
(B) no
(C) not
(D) never (94.1)
[答案] B 修飾中心名詞party應(yīng)用形容詞no,而非副詞not。
(2) ------- social crusade aroused Elizabeth Williams enthusiasm more than the expansion of the United States.
(A) No
(B) Nothing
(C) Not
(D) None (91.10)
[答案] 修飾主語名詞crusade 應(yīng)用形容詞no. 而非副詞not。
(3) ------- all rainwater falling from a cloud reaches the ground, some of it is lost through evaporation.
(A) Nowhere
(B) Not
(C) No
(D) None (91.8)
[答案] B 修飾形容詞all應(yīng)用否定副詞not。Not all (不是所有的)是固定短語搭配,表示的是部分否定,not all = sosme。
(4) The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is ------- clearly understood.
(A) none
(B) no
(C) not
(D) nor (90.5)
[答案] C 否定系詞is,應(yīng)用副詞not。
(5) Not woman held a presidential cabinet position in the United States until 1933. When Frances Perkins became secretary of labor. (89.1)
[答案] A Not 改為No.
3. 辨別詞形相近的副詞和形容詞
hare (努力、副詞)- hardly (幾乎不、副詞)
close (接近、形容詞)- closely (接近、副詞)
near (接近、形容詞)- nearly (幾乎、副詞)
most (大多數(shù)的、形容詞)-mostly(主要地、副詞)
late (遲、晚、形容詞)-lately(最近、副詞)
全真例題分析
(1) Chief Joseph Flesche. A vigorous Omaha leader, worked hardly to make his nation a proud and progressive one. (93.1)
[答案] B hardly (幾乎不)改為hard(努力)。
(2) Glaciers that develop nearly the North and South Poles advance into the sea. Break into pieces, and become icebergs. (90.8)
[答案] B 副詞nearly意思是“幾乎”。此句應(yīng)改為near(接近)。
(3) Those electrons most closely to the nucleus are held electromagnetic force. (92.1)
[答案] B most closely 改為most close。
托福語法技巧:對付定語名詞4大招式
在托福考試中,名詞作定語的例子怎樣處理與對待?作定語用的名詞一般沒有與之相應(yīng)的同根形容詞。它既可以是有生命的,也可以是無生命的;既可以是可數(shù)的,也可以是不可數(shù)的。它能表明被修飾的名詞的A.地點、B.時間、C.目的或用途、D.種類、E.原料或來源等等。
名詞作定語一般用單數(shù),但也有以下例外。
1) 用復(fù)數(shù)作定語。
如:sports meeting 運動會
students reading-room 學(xué)生閱覽室
talks table 談判桌
the foreign languages department 外語系
2) man, woman, gentleman等作定語時,其單復(fù)數(shù)以所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。
如:men workers women teachers
gentlemen officials
3) 有些原有s結(jié)尾的名詞,作定語時,s保留。
如:goods train (貨車)
arms produce 武器生產(chǎn)
customs papers 海關(guān)文件
clothes brush衣刷
4) 數(shù)詞+名詞作定語時,這個名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式。
如:two-dozen eggs 兩打/(二十四個雞蛋)
a ten-mile walk 十里路
two-hundred trees 兩百棵樹
a five-year plan. 一個五年計劃
個別的有用復(fù)數(shù)作定語的,如: a seven-years child
以上是托??荚囍忻~做定語的舉例說明,相信備考許久的考生們對這些不再陌生,在此提醒大家,考試中要先穩(wěn)拿基礎(chǔ)分再往上攀高,所以一些基本的用詞句型最好還是先過一遍。
托福語法段落原則舉例分析
這些東東乍看之下覺得還不錯,但實戰(zhàn)聽力時會發(fā)現(xiàn)來不用或者不會用。所以在平時練習(xí)的時候就應(yīng)該有意識地練習(xí)用,實在不行可以拿已經(jīng)聽熟的段子練。
1 主題思想原則 (part C 預(yù)看選項,以聽為主,抓住主題)
A 原詞做答(針對首尾兩題)
1)開頭原詞:本次主題, 現(xiàn)在干什么
2)結(jié)尾原詞:下次主題, 接著干什么
B Jerry十大信號詞
Part C頭題選項: the+信號詞+of sth。
C 導(dǎo)語+首尾原則
1)開頭句型:
Let"s now focus on……
I"d like to begin today"s lecture by……
Today we"ll talk about/discuss/centre on……
Following our discussion last time, we will discuss……
2)結(jié)尾句型:
Next time we meet , we will discuss……
We will continue our discussion next time……
Finally, at last, all in all, in short, in a nut shell
2 順序?qū)?yīng)原則 (針對細節(jié)題:時間,地點,人物)
3 重復(fù)原則 (抓重復(fù)頻率較高的詞做答)
4 觀點原則
he + claim/ argue/ appointment/ maintain/ believe/ state +that……
in one"s opinion, from his point of view
5 建議原則
A 注意段落結(jié)尾處的建議
B 常出現(xiàn)在段落結(jié)尾處的三種建議句型
1)Jerry十大常規(guī)建議句型
2)Just+動原 (祈使句表建議)
3)maybe, perhaps, probably引導(dǎo)委婉語氣表建議
C.建議句型的三種最新變化
1)if從句虛擬語氣表建議
2)同B 3)
3)同B 2)
6 比較原則
as……as, similar to, different from, original, compare to, contract
7 因果原則
A 段落頭幾句中提到的原因
B 經(jīng)常導(dǎo)出因果關(guān)系的結(jié)構(gòu)
Because, because of, as a result of, the reason is, consequently
8 轉(zhuǎn)折原則(Jerry十大轉(zhuǎn)折詞)
but, however, while, to be honest, frankly
9.強調(diào)原則
A 語義強調(diào)(important, emphasis, especially, only)
1)解釋性說明
that is, that means, which means, that is to say,
let"s put it this way,in other words
2)強調(diào)句型(老師套話)
just remember, once again, you should……, let me repeat,
let me also point out,
the first……is……, it is……that……, make sure to do, don"t forget
3)ad。最高級表強調(diào)(most)
4)結(jié)論性強調(diào)
In short, In conclusion, All in all, In a nut shell, Generally speaking,
We may conclude that, the conclusion that
B 語氣強調(diào)
1)重讀強調(diào)
2)慢讀強調(diào)(聽到什么選什么)
3)停頓強調(diào)
C 舉例強調(diào)(掌握例子所驗證的理論)
D.難詞后面的)解釋原則
Which means, that is to say, in other words
10 數(shù)字原則
A 時間 (時間感覺): Jerry六組??紩r間副詞
B 頻率, 次數(shù), 數(shù)字及其修飾的概念
11 人名原則
A 職業(yè)
B 貢獻
12 自我原則 (陳述某人的觀點,必為考點)
As far as I am consume……
According to my understanding……
To my knowledge……
13 承接原則 (平行結(jié)構(gòu))
firstly, secondly, ……lastly
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