托福作文怎樣吸引考官注意
托福作文怎樣吸引考官注意?文學(xué)大師給你支招!今天小編給大家?guī)砹送懈Ｗ魑脑鯓游脊僮⒁? ,希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
托福作文怎樣吸引考官注意?文學(xué)大師給你支招!
OG對于托福寫作中開頭段的解釋是這樣的：
It makes the reader want to read the essay.
It tells the overall topic of the essay.
It tells the main idea of the essay.
這三個特點中，第一個就是對趣味性的強調(diào)，雖然這點并不像后兩點那么關(guān)鍵和不可或缺，但它對于那些想沖擊寫作高分的同學(xué)來講卻是一個很好的突破策略，試想如果在文章開篇就可以最大程度上調(diào)動考官的興趣，肯定從整體上為你的文章加分。
而很多文學(xué)作品本身對于開頭都是極其重視，畢竟如果讀者連你的開頭都不下去，那消耗他們更多的時間去讀完整本書就是不可能的。我們也可以從這些作品中借鑒開篇的風(fēng)格和寫法，從而為我們的寫作提供素材和靈感。
1 dramatic statement
第一種文學(xué)作品中用到開頭引入方法叫做dramatic statement，也就是用一個非常戲劇性的開篇來沖擊讀者的感官，將讀者從平淡的柴米油鹽的日常生活中喚醒，同時也極大地調(diào)動讀者的好奇心，促使他們讀完文章的剩余部分。
比如加繆在《異鄉(xiāng)人》中，是這樣開篇的：“Mother died today. Or maybe, yesterday; I can't be sure”。
讀者用母親的死亡的開頭做為話題引入，一方面使得讀者從情緒上為之一振，勾起讀者本身的好奇心，讓他們想要去了解母親過世背后的故事以及其后續(xù)的進(jìn)展，另一方面也奠定了文章本身的深沉的基調(diào)。
而我們也可以在托福寫作過程中運用dramatic statement作為開篇來調(diào)動讀者的情緒和興趣，比如對于這個題目：When teachers assign projects on which students must work together, the students learn much more effectively than when they are asked to work alone on projects.這個題目本身在討論teamwork，我們就可以通過一些戲劇性的點，作為引入技巧：
There are no superheroes in this real world. Great projects cannot be accomplished just by one person alone, no matter how capable s/he is. We need teamwork to achieve our goals in every single professional field of the society because only by working with others can we have a chance to overcome our limits and achieve something significant. If there`s a project assigned by teacher, without any doubt, I would choose to cooperate with other students to accomplish that project.
2 quotation
另外一種常用開頭引入方法叫做quotation，利用一句哲理性的引言來引入要討論的話題，通過利用更有經(jīng)驗性引言的引入，不僅可以增加趣味性和哲思性，同時好比“站在巨人的肩膀”一樣，從而提高本身的論證高度和說服力。
比如F. Scott Fitzgerald在《The great Gatsby》的開頭就是利用主角叔叔的告誡作為開頭：
In my younger and more vulnerable years my father gave me some advice that I’ve been turning over in my mind ever since. Whenever you feel like criticising any one, he told me, “ just remember that all the people in this world haven’t had the advantages that you’ve had.”
在托福獨立寫作中，我們也可以通過這種方法進(jìn)行引入，比如對于此題：To improve the quality of education, universities should spend more money on salaries for university professors.我們就可以通過Mandela對于教育的引言引入。
Nelson Mandela once said, “Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.” In recent years, more and more attention was paid to how to improve the quality of the university`s education. A suggestion has been put forward that more money should be spent on salaries for university professors in order to improve the quality of education, which I totally agree with.
讓步段落這樣寫，你的托福獨立寫作更有威力!
到底怎樣寫出好的讓步段?今天小新就來和大家詳細(xì)講講讓步段的寫法，助力你的托福寫作!
寫還是不寫?這是個問題
Q：很多同學(xué)有疑問，在一篇完整的獨立作文中，讓步段是不是一定要寫呢?可不可以不寫呢?
老師：讓步段不是必須要寫的，考生們可以在作文里只提出支持自己觀點的兩至三個正面的理由，這樣也可以得出最后的結(jié)論。
比如說是否同意“新的科技產(chǎn)品發(fā)布，過段時間購買比馬上購買要好”，我們完全可以只提出過段時間購買的兩個正面理由：一. 價格會更便宜; 二. 產(chǎn)品的性能會更優(yōu)化，這樣整篇作文的論點還是明確的。
但是這篇文章當(dāng)然也可以加上讓步段，過段時間再買的壞處，或是馬上購買的好處。這樣會顯得這篇文章論證的邏輯更加嚴(yán)密和全面，我們確實是進(jìn)行了優(yōu)劣對比后，才得出自己的觀點。
尤其要注意的是，如果作文題目本身的觀點的反面并不能夠被忽略，那么建議讓步段是一定要寫的，這樣顯得我們得出自己的觀點才不牽強。
比如作文題目“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Playing computer games is a waste of time. Children should not be allowed to play them.”。我們可以寫正面的兩個觀點，即玩電腦游戲的兩個好處，但是我們同樣不能忽略玩電腦游戲的壞處，所以就要寫讓步段了，不然觀點就會顯得過于偏激。
怎么寫讓步段?這又是個問題
重中之重: “讓一小步，進(jìn)一大步”!
讓步段的最重要目的是對讓步內(nèi)容地不斷削弱，以退為進(jìn)，先提出壞處，然后再否定它。但是要記住的是讓步段與支持段結(jié)構(gòu)一致，也是有主題句，然后要對主題句進(jìn)行展開解釋。
所以常見的套路是：
主題句(不可否認(rèn)A也有壞處)+解釋(進(jìn)一步解釋說明壞處是什么)+讓步(但是呢，這些壞處可以被解決掉，或是不太重要)
1.讓步段主題句寫法
讓步段的主題句一般是這樣的：不可否認(rèn)的是，A可能會有一些壞處。這里我們盡量語氣要委婉些，下面是一些會用到的詞組表達(dá)：
——Admittedly / Undoubtedly / There is no denying that / It cannot be denied that
——May / might / possibly / probably
——One / one or two / a couple of / minor / several
——To some extent / to some degree
【常見錯誤】
很多考生讓步段用although開頭，但是although后面只能跟一個從句，所以后面主題句的內(nèi)容就沒有辦法展開了。
2. 讓步如何實現(xiàn)
讓步段的表述可以參考以下模式：
?讓步方的好處比支持方的好處次要，或者支持方的壞處比起好處來次要。
However, the advantages of A are more important than those of B.
?讓步方優(yōu)點與支持方優(yōu)點比起來較少，或支持方缺點與優(yōu)點比起來較少。
However, the advantages of A are far more than those / that of B.
However, the advantages of A outnumber those / that of B.
?對方的好處，我方也可以有辦法得到;我方的壞處可以有辦法消除。
However, the problem can be solved by …
However, the negative influence can be eliminated by …
3. 讓步段范例賞析
Q
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Playing computer games is a waste of time. Children should not be allowed to play them.
主題句:
Admittedly, playing computer games does harbor several drawbacks.
解釋：
Some children are addicted to playing computergames and ignore their studies, thereby suffering from poor academic performance. Also, over exposure to computer games with high concentration will sooner or later cause the impairment of their eyesight.
讓步:
However, most children are able to control themselves to play games in moderation. Also, their parents can intervene and supervise as well. Specifically, they could set strict rules on how much time their children could play games everyday and on what conditions they could do so, therefore it is completely unnecessary to forbid them to play computer games.
托福寫作范文：新建大學(xué)
The government has announced that it plans to build a new university. Some people think that your community would be a good place to locate the university. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of establishing a new university in your community. Use specific details in your discussion.
I was fortunate enough to grow up in a small town where the state university is located, and my family’s life was richer as a result of having this university in our midst. Living in a “college town” can have its disadvantages, but I would readily advocate having a new university established in my community.
One of the primary advantages of having a university situated in a community is the economic boost it would enjoy. First and foremost, the community could look forward to the creation of steady jobs, including chefs to cook in the dining room, librarians to catalog books, and gardeners to landscape the grounds. Local restaurants, movie theaters and bookstores would benefit from the spending power of young college students, and new cafes and bars might even spring up.
However, a college town finds itself enriched not just financially but in other, less tangible ways. University life consists not just of academic but of extracurricular pursuits. Professors regularly give lectures on their fields of expertise, from Dostoevsky and Russian literature to American Civil War history, and these lectures are usually open to the public, as are concerts, poetry readings and plays. Especially in a small town, international students provide glimpses into other cultures that would otherwise not be so readily available. In the town where I grew up, a large number of doctoral students came from India with their families. The daughter of one such family eventually became my best friend; her family brought me to local Indian cultural events and I grew to love the culture and now consider Indian food to be practically my native cuisine.
It would be inaccurate, though, to portray a college town as a utopia. It’s an unavoidable fact that some undergraduates consider partying to be central to the college experience, and when such students live off campus in apartments, their lifestyles are likely to cause tension among their neighbors. Longtime residents who relish their communities as peaceful, family-oriented places to live are naturally disturbed when a group of students rent the house next door and create an atmosphere of drinking, parties and loud music at odd hours. There is no easy solution, but communication between the university administration and the community is an essential part of the planning process before the university is established.
When a university is established, it becomes inextricably connected to the community where it is located. Alumni who return, years later, for reunions might have some of their fondest memories away from campus, for example in the coffee shop where they spent hours studying, or at the ice cream shop that was a Friday night destination. Planning and discussion between the administration and the community will always be necessary to reduce conflict, but if given the opportunity to welcome a new university to my community, I would be more than enthusiastic about the prospect.
Eg: Four centuries ago, Christopher Columbus, one of the Italian mariners whom the decline of their own republics had put at the service of the world and of adventure, seeking for Spain a westward passage to the Indies as setoff against the achievements of Portuguese discoverers, lighted on America.
Eg: With these hopes and in this belief I would urge you, laying aside all hindrance, thrusting away all private aims, to devote yourselves unswervingly and unflinchingly to the vigorous and successful prosecution of this war.
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