GRE寫作ISSUE作文評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)解析
GRE寫作ISSUE作文評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)解析 規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)寫出高分作文要做到這幾點(diǎn),快來一起學(xué)習(xí)吧，分享下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
GRE寫作ISSUE作文評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)解析 規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)寫出高分作文要做到這幾點(diǎn)
GRE作文評(píng)分比標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
GRE作文滿分為6分，以0.5分為最小計(jì)分單位，作文成績(jī)單獨(dú)計(jì)算，不計(jì)入語文數(shù)學(xué)部分的總分，對(duì)于大部分學(xué)校來說，4.5分左右的作文成績(jī)就已經(jīng)是比較好的分?jǐn)?shù)，部分文科類專業(yè)也可能要求更高的分?jǐn)?shù)。
GRE寫作Issue滿分評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)解讀
In addressing the specific task directions, a 6 response presents a cogent, well-articulated examination of the argument and conveys meaning skillfully.
A typical paper in this category exhibits the following characteristics:
1.articulates a clear and insightful position on the issue in accordance with the assigned task
2.develops the position fully with compelling reasons and/or persuasive examples
3.sustains a well-focused, well-organized analysis, connecting ideas logically
4.conveys ideas fluently and precisely, using effective vocabulary and sentence variety
5.demonstrates facility with the conventions of standard written English(i.e., grammar, usage and mechanics), but may have minor errors。
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)解讀 要點(diǎn) 1： articulates a clear and insightful position on the issue in accordance with the assigned task
關(guān)鍵詞：insightful ，position，in accordance with
1. insightful即Data Mining(數(shù)據(jù)挖掘)。
GRE寫作強(qiáng)調(diào)思辨，挖掘題目的核心概念十分必要。 例如GRE作文題庫(kù)中有一道題目：事物的差異性重要還是相似性重要? “insightful”的分析應(yīng)當(dāng)是通過similarity 和 difference的現(xiàn)象看到背后所體現(xiàn)的本質(zhì)--矛盾(paradox)的思想。 具體來說就是要學(xué)會(huì)觀察相似事物的差異性，以及差異事物的相似性，辯證地分析事物。 因此本題真正考查的是“看待事物的方法論”, 而非簡(jiǎn)單的選擇“哪一個(gè)重要”。
2. position
在GRE issue寫作里，position不等于attitude，即立場(chǎng)不等于態(tài)度。 這又是GRE作文中對(duì)于邏輯辯證點(diǎn)的考查。 很多高分GRE文章都是對(duì)一個(gè)事物的利弊進(jìn)行具體問題的具體分析，而非進(jìn)行傾向性的態(tài)度傳遞，這也符合事物的基本規(guī)律，即任何事物都具有兩面性。 TOEFL獨(dú)立寫作非常強(qiáng)調(diào)態(tài)度的傳達(dá)，但GRE作文更強(qiáng)調(diào)分析事物的方法論和論證過程。
3. in accordance with
指切題(on-topic)的論述：論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)，論證要和題目要求一致，這個(gè)評(píng)分點(diǎn)和上文中insightful的要求一脈相承。 許多GRE issue題目的含義很難依賴字面意思來理解， 題目的“隱藏邏輯”和“隱藏含義”要求考生首先要準(zhǔn)確地“審題”、思考題面背后的含義， 然后選擇相關(guān)的論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)進(jìn)行支撐。
要點(diǎn) 2： develops the position fully with compelling reasons and/or persuasive examples
關(guān)鍵詞：reasons, persuasive
1. reasons=reasoning
GRE作文強(qiáng)調(diào)推理，并且推理的過程遠(yuǎn)重要于推理的結(jié)果。在GRE作文里，解釋W(xué)hy比給出What 更重要，因?yàn)榭脊偈峭ㄟ^審視推理過程來判斷考生的邏輯陳述能力。 因此建議考生在準(zhǔn)備GRE作文時(shí)，應(yīng)把重點(diǎn)放在分析推理上，而不是頻頻給出各類結(jié)論。
2. persuasive=relevant
在GRE作文里，考生給出的所有例證都要有說服力。要有說服力，首先要與文中的論證相關(guān)。無論例證是來自西方世界還是中國(guó)，相關(guān)的例子才是和論證匹配的內(nèi)容。
要點(diǎn) 3： sustains a well-focused, well-organized analysis, connecting ideas logically
關(guān)鍵詞：analysis, logically
1. analysis
GRE寫作強(qiáng)調(diào)論述過程與分析過程，而非結(jié)論本身。
2. logically
“GRE寫作的邏輯”包含形式邏輯和內(nèi)容邏輯: 形式邏輯就是指文章起承轉(zhuǎn)合的邏輯信號(hào)、邏輯連接詞。它們連接不同的內(nèi)容,使行文顯得有層次。內(nèi)容邏輯就是指文章含義推導(dǎo)過程的嚴(yán)密性，和我們后文即將解讀的排序方式是高度相關(guān)的。
要點(diǎn) 4： conveys ideas fluently and precisely, using effective vocabulary and sentence variety
關(guān)鍵詞：effective, variety
1. effective
有效的--所謂有效的詞匯，是指根據(jù)語境所選擇“恰當(dāng)?shù)挠迷~”。 在GRE寫作里考生不需要嘩眾取寵地用“大詞、難詞”來顯示詞匯量。 真正的高手能夠用簡(jiǎn)單而精確的詞語來闡述深刻的道理。
2. variety
用詞用句的變化性能有效地體現(xiàn)行文語言的多樣性。
要點(diǎn) 5： demonstrates facility with the conventions of standard written English (i.e., grammar, usage and mechanics), but may have minor errors
關(guān)鍵詞：standard written English, may have minor errors
1. standard written English
即使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的書面英語。英語口語體不合適用于GRE這類準(zhǔn)學(xué)術(shù)型的分析性寫作中。 因此考生應(yīng)注意標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的書面英語的語法，用詞和文法。
2. may have minor errors
GRE作文允許有錯(cuò)誤的存在。 考官認(rèn)為，一篇滿分的文章可以有錯(cuò)誤，尤其是個(gè)別的拼寫錯(cuò)誤、語法錯(cuò)誤和用詞不當(dāng)。這不影響一篇文章得高分。只要這篇文章準(zhǔn)確地提煉了要點(diǎn)、做到了精確的對(duì)應(yīng)匹配、邏輯性強(qiáng)、語言水平高即可。
GRE Issue寫作范文詳細(xì)解析
Issue
"People work more productively in teams than individually. Teamwork requires cooperation, which motivates people much more than individual competition does."
Sample Essay
Teamwork as a whole can naturally produce an overall greater productivity through the concept of "synergy", where the total of the whole is greater than the sum of its individual parts. But the idea that people work more productively in teams rather than as individuals is going to vary greatly between the types of teams that are organized, the end reward or motivation for both the team and the individuals, as well as the individuals themselves.
Regarding individuals, some people are born with the desire to succeed, no matter what the situation or task that they are facing. These people may evolve into the classic "Type A" personalities that work ferociously because they are driven by an internal fire that says they must always be doing something, whether individually or as part of a team. Other people may desire to be less socially involved or are very highly competitive with other people. For these people, their work is most productive as individuals, because the very idea of cooperating with other people limits their effectiveness and efficiency because they simply do not want to be a part of the team. Whether this mindset is innate or developed over time does not matter, it is merely the state of their being and neither motivation nor rewards can generate inside them the desire to work collectively as a team.
Some people are highly motivated by social interaction and the desire to work with others towards a collective effort. Obviously these individuals are at their most productive when working as part of a team. Organizational behavioral studies have shown that Asian cultures are much more likely to develop this type of collective behavior as opposed to the more individualistic behavior associated with Western cultures. It could naturally be assumed then that there may be cultural values that can determine whether people are at their most productive individually or as part of a team.
Another variable is the end reward that is involved with the task at hand. Will the rewards be greater if the team works together towards a common goal, or are the rewards more geared toward individual performance? To the extent that the individual is motivated by the end reward, obviously his or her performance inside of a team may be more or less productive with respect to the entire team, depending on how the performance is rewarded. Individual goals may interfere with the group performance. Synergies may not be achieved because the individuals are not working towards a whole "sum" but rather towards an individual reward. Productivity thus will vary for each person as a team member or as an individual depending on the degree to which that person is motivated by an individual or overall team reward.
Finally, the degree of productivity of a person will depend upon the type of team that is organized. Is the group composed of equally contributing individuals? Does the group have an outstanding leader that can motivate both the individuals and the team as a whole? From a pure productivity standpoint, the presence or absence of a charismatic and exceptional leader can make all the difference whether a person would be more productive as a part of a team or as an individual. Personality types that work well together can prove to be much more productive as part of a team than as individuals, and vice versa.
Fundamentally, measures of productivity depend greatly on the individuals themselves. The dilemma facing leaders in all areas of life is how to best assess these individuals to determine how to best harness their capabilities to reach their ultimate productive capabilities. Whether a person is more productive alone or while working in concert with others is one of the great challenges that leaders and managers must face to accomplish tasks effectively and efficiently.
觀點(diǎn)陳述型作文/[題目]
"當(dāng)人們以團(tuán)隊(duì)的形式工作時(shí)，要比以孤軍奮戰(zhàn)的形式來得更加富有成效。團(tuán)隊(duì)的協(xié)同工作需要相互合作，它比個(gè)人競(jìng)爭(zhēng)更能激勵(lì)人們。"
[范文正文]
總體而言，團(tuán)隊(duì)的協(xié)同工作自然能通過"增效作用"(Synergy)這一理念而帶來更高程度的整體生產(chǎn)效率，因?yàn)樵谶@里，整體大于個(gè)體相加之總和。然則，"當(dāng)人們以團(tuán)隊(duì)的形式工作時(shí)，要比以孤軍奮戰(zhàn)的形式來得更加富有成效"這一觀念注定會(huì)產(chǎn)生巨大差異，取決于所組織起來的團(tuán)隊(duì)的類別，團(tuán)隊(duì)與個(gè)人所能獲得的終極回報(bào)或激勵(lì)，以及個(gè)人本身。
關(guān)于個(gè)人，有些人天生就具有獲取成功的欲望，無論他們所面臨的情形或任務(wù)是什么。這些人會(huì)演變?yōu)楣ぷ骺襁@一經(jīng)典的"A類"人格，因?yàn)槭艿揭还蓛?nèi)心的熱火所驅(qū)使，這股熱火時(shí)刻告訴他們必須不停地"有所事事"，無論是作為個(gè)人抑或是作為團(tuán)隊(duì)的一分子。另一些人則可能希望不必那么多地介入社會(huì)，或者他們傾向于與其他人激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。對(duì)這些人而言，作為個(gè)人，他們工作起來會(huì)最富有成效，因?yàn)橛捎谒麄兏揪筒幌氤蔀槿魏螆F(tuán)隊(duì)的一部分，與他人合作便會(huì)限制他們的效率。這一思想傾向是否與生俱有，還是隨著時(shí)間的推移而形成，這都無關(guān)緊要。這僅僅只是他們的一種生存狀態(tài)，無論是動(dòng)機(jī)還是回報(bào)，都無法在其內(nèi)心深處激發(fā)起作為一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)集體工作的欲望。
有些人，由于社會(huì)互動(dòng)以及與他人協(xié)作去實(shí)現(xiàn)某種集體努力的欲望，而具有極強(qiáng)的動(dòng)機(jī)。顯然，這些個(gè)人在作為團(tuán)隊(duì)的一部分進(jìn)行工作時(shí)，他們便會(huì)處在其最富有成效的狀態(tài)。組織行為學(xué)研究表明，亞洲文化更有可能形成此類集體性行為，與那種常和西方文化聯(lián)系在一起的較為個(gè)人主義的行為構(gòu)成對(duì)比。這樣，人們自然會(huì)認(rèn)為，某些文化價(jià)值觀可以決定人們是否作為個(gè)人還是作為團(tuán)隊(duì)的一部分工作起來最富有成效。
GRE滿分作文分析
題目：
Too much time, money, and energy are spent developing new and more elaborate technology. Society should instead focus on maximizing the use of existing technology for the immediate benefit of its citizens.
I must say that I reject this statement. While it is true that we need to support society as much as possible with current technology, that does not in any way mean that we should stop progressing simply because our current technology cannot handle all the problems we have brought to it. Does that mean that we should simply accept the status quo and make do? No, I don’t think so. To do so would be tantamount to adopting a fatalistic approach; I think most people would reject that.
Technology has helped, and it has hurt. Without it, we would never have our standard of living, nor quality of nutrition, expectation of a long and productive life span, and the unshakable belief that our lives can be made even better. But it has also brought us universal pollution, weapons so powerful as to be capable of rendering us extinct, and the consequent fear for our survival as species and as a planet. Technology is indeed a double-edged sword. And yet, I still have to argue in its favor, because without it, we have no hope.
Some might argue that we would be better off without technology. They might say that a return to a less technologically driven approach to life would have the benefits of reducing stress and allowing us to live simpler, happier lives, like those of our forebears. Such an idea is seductive, so much so that much of art and all of nostalgia are devoted to it. But upon closer inspection, one realizes that such a move would only return us to a life of different kinds of stress, one of false simplicity, one fraught with danger. It would be a life without antibiotics where a minor cut could prove deadly. It would be a life where childbirth is the main killer of women, and where an emergency is dealt with in terms of hours and days instead of minutes and hours; a life where there are no phones or cars or planes or central heating, no proven drug therapies to treat mental illness, no computers. Would this world really make people happy?
What we already have, we have. And since the only way to move is forward, instead of allowing ourselves to be paralyzed by fear and worry, we need to learn how to clean up the pollution we have caused, and how to deal with a world that feeds on weapons and mass destruction. Doing these things means having to move away from technology into a more difficult realm, that of diplomacy and compromise: to move from the bully stance of “I am bigger and better and I have more toys and so I win” to a place where everyone wins.
Technology is the thing that will allow people to do that. But, advanced as it is, it is still in its infancy. We have to allow it to grow up and mature in order to reap the real rewards that it can bring. And there are even greater rewards ahead of us than what the world has already experienced. When technology is pushed to the outer edge, that is where serendipitous discoveries can occur. This has been seen throughout technological advancement, but the easiest example is probably the space program which made us think, really hard, about how to do things in a different environment. It gave us telecommunications, new fabrics and international cooperation. Paramedical devices, so that people can be treated even as they are being transported to the hosptal, are a direct development of that technology. None of this would have happened in the time frame that it did if we had not pushed for technological advancement. If we had decided to “focus on maximizing the use of existing technology” instead of foolishly reaching for the stars, we would not have made those discoveries which now are the bedrock of the 21st century.
分析：
字?jǐn)?shù)：651
語言：平實(shí)的語句完全沒有網(wǎng)絡(luò)流行模板的痕跡，也是許多過了6級(jí)的考生通過練習(xí)可以達(dá)到的水平。
I must say that I reject this statement.
Does that mean that we should simply accept the status quo and make do? No, I don’t think so.
Technology has helped, and it has hurt.
Technology is indeed a double-edged sword. And yet, I still have to argue in its favor, because without it, we have no hope.
……
當(dāng)然，這并不意味，在GRE作文考試中，平實(shí)的語言比潤(rùn)色后的語言有更多的優(yōu)勢(shì)。從這篇作文中，我們可以得到以下兩條重要信息：
1、 通過記憶大量模板使語言“全副武裝”、“氣勢(shì)洶洶”并非高分作文的必要條件，這種方式的弊端在課堂上我們已闡述過。
2、 在陳述idea的過程中，體現(xiàn)出critical thinking才是成功的關(guān)鍵。我們?cè)谡n堂上對(duì)critical thinking這一概念做過多次詳細(xì)的解釋，現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)大家一起來體會(huì)這一概念在文中的運(yùn)用。
第一段：
(表明立場(chǎng))I must say that I reject this statement. (讓步)While it is true that we need to support society as much as possible with current technology, (折回自己立場(chǎng))that does not in any way mean that we should stop progressing simply because our current technology cannot handle all the problems we have brought to it.
第二段：
(概述科技的兩面性)Technology has helped, and it has hurt. (具體討論科技的貢獻(xiàn))Without it, we would never have our standard of living, nor quality of nutrition, expectation of a long and productive life span, and the unshakable belief that our lives can be made even better. (具體討論科技的危害)But it has also brought us universal pollution, weapons so powerful as to be capable of rendering us extinct, and the consequent fear for our survival as species and as a planet. Technology is indeed a double-edged sword. (表明已考慮到科技的危害，但是依然堅(jiān)持自己立場(chǎng))And yet, I still have to argue in its favor, because without it, we have no hope.
第三段：
(提出反方的立場(chǎng))Some might argue that we would be better off without technology. They might say that a return to a less technologically driven approach to life would have the benefits of reducing stress and allowing us to live simpler, happier lives, like those of our forebears. Such an idea is seductive, so much so that much of art and all of nostalgia are devoted to it. (通過具體論據(jù)反駁反方的觀點(diǎn))But upon closer inspection, one realizes that such a move would only return us to a life of different kinds of stress, one of false simplicity, one fraught with danger. It would be a life without antibiotics where a minor cut could prove deadly. It would be a life where childbirth is the main killer of women, and where an emergency is dealt with in terms of hours and days instead of minutes and hours; a life where there are no phones or cars or planes or central heating, no proven drug therapies to treat mental illness, no computers. Would this world really make people happy?
第四段：
(在第三段駁論的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步立論)What we already have, we have. And since the only way to move is forward, instead of allowing ourselves to be paralyzed by fear and worry, we need to learn how to clean up the pollution we have caused, and how to deal with a world that feeds on weapons and mass destruction. Doing these things means having to move away from technology into a more difficult realm, that of diplomacy and compromise: to move from the bully stance of “I am bigger and better and I have more toys and so I win” to a place where everyone wins.
第五段：
Technology is the thing that will allow people to do that. (指出支持觀點(diǎn)存在的一點(diǎn)不足)But, advanced as it is, it is still in its infancy. (解決方案)We have to allow it to grow up and mature in order to reap the real rewards that it can bring. And there are even greater rewards ahead of us than what the world has already experienced. When technology is pushed to the outer edge, that is where serendipitous discoveries can occur. This has been seen throughout technological advancement, but the easiest example is probably the space program which made us think, really hard, about how to do things in a different environment. It gave us telecommunications, new fabrics and international cooperation. Paramedical devices, so that people can be treated even as they are being transported to the hospital, are a direct development of that technology. None of this would have happened in the time frame that it did if we had not pushed for technological advancement. If we had decided to “focus on maximizing the use of existing technology” instead of foolishly reaching for the stars, we would not have made those discoveries which now are the bedrock of the 21st century.
GRE寫作ISSUE作文評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)解析相關(guān)文章：