托福閱讀之5大題型最佳方案

陳鈴1147由分享時間：2020-10-10 08:54:06

托福閱讀題對于很多同學(xué)來說難度不大，但得托福閱讀的高分也是不容易的，有區(qū)別的對待托福閱讀題目，才能根據(jù)各自題目的特點采用不同的方法。下面小編就和大家分享托福閱讀之5大題型最佳方案，來欣賞一下吧。

托福閱讀之5大題型最佳方案

托福閱讀中的主旨題。主旨題有三種：A、作者的意圖;B、文章標(biāo)題;C、文章的中心思想。這種題一般為第一道題，所以這道托福閱讀題的解題技巧就是放在最后做，因為做其他題時，考生會逐步了解文章的各個細(xì)節(jié)，在做題的過程中就會對文章個總的理解，最后處理主旨題可謂水到渠成、萬無一失。

托福閱讀中的列舉題。列舉題有兩種：A、一正三誤;B、三正誤。也可分為四類。第一類：一句話列舉。根據(jù)某個選項的語言提示，回歸托福閱讀文章找到一句話，這句話包含三個選項的內(nèi)容;第二類：局部列舉。根據(jù)題意，回歸文章發(fā)現(xiàn)連續(xù)兩三句話涉及三個選項的內(nèi)容;第三類：段落列舉。題干語言在某自然段首句重現(xiàn)。這個句子為段落主題句，即三個選項的內(nèi)容在這段出現(xiàn)，不涉及到其他段落;第四類：文章列舉。選項內(nèi)容涉及整個文章。一句話列舉題和段落列舉題有明顯的信號詞幫助答題，根據(jù)題序做題，不必區(qū)別對待。文章列舉題和局部列舉題則應(yīng)放其他題做完之后再處理。

托福閱讀中的文章結(jié)論題。文章結(jié)論題即根據(jù)文章可以推斷出下面哪個選項結(jié)論是正確的，題干沒有任何語言信號詞。這種題有以下幾種布局：為文章第一道題時，相當(dāng)于文章主旨題，應(yīng)放在最后一道題時，有可能針對文章最后部分，也有可能針對整篇文章，但不大可能涉及文章其他部分的細(xì)節(jié)。所以文章結(jié)論題的解題技巧應(yīng)該具體情況具體分析，并不一定是面對整個文章。

托福閱讀中的作者態(tài)度題。作者態(tài)度題分為兩種：A、局部作者態(tài)度題;B、整體作者態(tài)度題。文章最后一道題問及作者態(tài)度時為整體作者態(tài)度題，它涉及通篇托福閱讀文章，要根據(jù)整個文章數(shù)個語言點串起來的一根主線答題，也就是作者行文的口氣。這種題的托福閱讀題的解題技巧是考生千萬不可以根據(jù)某一個語言點答題，因為整體作者態(tài)度題不是考核某一個點，而是考整體感覺。局部作者態(tài)度題位置比較靈活，往往問及作者對文章中某一個具體內(nèi)容的看法，題干通常信號請將考生帶回文章某一區(qū)域，考查考生對某個語言點的理解。有時候，某個選項從作者的表達(dá)相悖，因此，做作者態(tài)度題時，考生一定注意不要把自己作為讀者的分析、觀點強(qiáng)加于作者。

托福閱讀中的文章推斷預(yù)測題。文章結(jié)構(gòu)題三種：A、文章前面的段落內(nèi)容是什么?B、文章下面接著將要講什么?C、文章組織結(jié)構(gòu)是什么?推斷文章前面的內(nèi)容立足于文章首句，因為文章首句承上啟下，尤其注意首句中諸如this、so、other than之類的結(jié)構(gòu)詞。預(yù)測下文的內(nèi)容則分兩步走：第一、讀文章每段首句，文章每段首句表示文章內(nèi)容的邏輯走向。如果文章講述某一事物的兩個階段或方面，下文將介紹這一事物的第三個階段或方面。所以我們把預(yù)測下文內(nèi)容的題稱之為坐標(biāo)題，即豎看文章每段首句，橫看文章最后一句，其他句子是文章所講內(nèi)容，而不是下面將要講的內(nèi)容，往往選項干擾來自文章所講內(nèi)容。至于文章的組織結(jié)構(gòu)題，只需要讀文章每段首句即可，因為這些句子是文章框架。

托福閱讀背景素材之月球村

Head of the European Space Agency, Johann-Dietrich Woerner has revealed ideas for an international ‘MoonVillage'that combines the capabilities of space-faring nations around the world.

歐洲航天局(ESA)的負(fù)責(zé)人約翰-迪特里希?韋爾納已經(jīng)公布了國際“月球村”的想法，這個計劃將聯(lián)合全世界航天水平先進(jìn)的國家的力量。

This settlement - which could be available by 2030 - would be built using natural resources from the lunar surface to create a permanent base for the purpose of science, business, and even tourism.

這個開拓地——有可能在2030年前可供使用——將利用來自月球表面的自然資源進(jìn)行建設(shè)，為科學(xué)、商業(yè)甚至是旅游業(yè)提供永久性的基地。

Woerner describes the proposed Moon Village in a recent video released by the Esa.

韋爾納在歐洲航天局最近發(fā)布的一段視頻中描述了這個提議中的“月球村”。

The expert recommends settlement at the poles or in areas of constant daylight on the farside of the moon.

這位專家建議將“月球村”建設(shè)在月球兩極，或建設(shè)在月球遠(yuǎn)端能夠長期暴露于日光下的區(qū)域。

At the South Pole, in a region of continuous darkness, humans could access water toproduce hydrogen and oxygen.

月球南極是一個持續(xù)黑暗的區(qū)域，在這里，人類能夠接觸到水，以生產(chǎn)氫和氧。

And in the shadow of the moon, he explains, settlers would be protected from incomingcosmic and solar radiation.

他解釋稱，在月球的陰影里，開拓者們將免于受到宇宙和太陽輻射的傷害。

The Moon Village idea aims to be a versatile facility that opens the door for deeper spaceexploration, while also acting as a hub for business or mining.

“月球村”的目的是建立一個多種用途的設(shè)施，為進(jìn)行更深入的太空探索創(chuàng)造條件，同時還能用作一個商業(yè)或采礦的中心。

And, the expert says it could be used recreationally for tourists.

此外，這位專家稱，這里可以被用作游客們的游憩場所。

While many nations – in particular the US – have their sights set on the journey to Mars, Woerner says a Moon Village is a closer reality.

雖然很多國家——尤其是美國——把目標(biāo)定在火星之旅上，但韋爾納稱，“月球村”是一種更加貼近現(xiàn)實的做法。

The ESA Director General says the Moon Village would join American, Russian, Chinese, Indian, and Japanese space agencies, along with smaller contributions from other countries.

這位歐洲航天局負(fù)責(zé)人稱，“月球村”將聯(lián)合美國、俄羅斯、中國、印度和日本的航空機(jī)構(gòu)，其他一些國家也將貢獻(xiàn)自己的微薄之力。

托福閱讀真題原題+題目

Composers today use a wider variety of sounds than ever before, including many that were once considered undesirable noises. Composer Edgard Varèse(1 883-1965) called thus the liberation of sound...the right to make music with any and all sounds. Electronic music, for example — made with the aid of computers, synthesizers, and electronic instruments — may include sounds that in the past would not have been considered musical. Environmental sounds, such as thunder, and electronically generated hisses and blips can be recorded, manipulated, and then incorporated into a musical composition. But composers also draw novel sounds from voices and nonelectronic instruments. Singers may be asked to scream, laugh, groan, sneeze, or to sing phonetic sounds rather than words. Wind and string players may lap or scrape their instruments. A brass or woodwind player may hum while playing, to produce two pitches at once; a pianist may reach inside the piano to pluck a string and then run a metal blade along it. In the music of the Western world, the greatest expansion and experimentation have involved percussion instruments, which outnumber strings and winds in many recent compositions. Traditional percussion instruments are struck with new types of beaters; and instruments that used to be couriered unconventional in Western music — tom-toms, bongos, slapsticks, maracas—are widely used.

In the search for novel sounds, increased use has been made in Western music of microtones. Non-western music typically divides and interval between two pitches more finely than western music does, thereby producing a greater number of distinct tones, or microtones, within the same interval. Composers such as Krzysztof Penderecki create sound that borders on electronic noise through tone clusters — closely spaced tones played together and heard as a mass, block, or band of sound. The directional aspect of sound has taken on new importance as well. Loudspeakers or groups of instruments may be placed at opposite ends of the stage, in the balcony, or at the back and sides of the auditorium.

Because standard music notation makes no provision for many of these innovations, recent music scores may contain graphlike diagrams, new note shapes and symbols, and novel ways of arranging notation on the page.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The use of nontraditional sounds in contemporary music

(B) How sounds are produced electronically

(D) Several composers who have experimented with the electronic production of sound

2. The word wider in one 1 is closest in meaning to more impressive

(A) more distinctive

(B) more controversial

(D) more impressive

3. The passage suggests that Edgard Var è se is an example of a composer who

(A) criticized electronic music as too noiselike

(B) modified sonic of the electronic instruments he used in his music

(D) wrote music with environmental themes