GRE閱讀備考先從文章結(jié)構(gòu)切入
GRE閱讀文章本身存在一定規(guī)律套路，這種套路主要就體現(xiàn)在其文章結(jié)構(gòu)上?？忌绻軌蚴炀氄莆誈RE閱讀文章的常見(jiàn)套路，想要提升閱讀速度就會(huì)變得容易許多。下面小編就和大家分享GRE閱讀備考先從文章結(jié)構(gòu)，歡迎閱讀!
GRE閱讀備考先從文章結(jié)構(gòu)
GRE閱讀文章常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)：自然社會(huì)現(xiàn)象類
考點(diǎn)：顧名思義是對(duì)某種自然或社會(huì)現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行分析解釋。這類文章在一開(kāi)始就會(huì)描述一種“奇怪”的現(xiàn)象，說(shuō)它奇怪是因?yàn)檫@種現(xiàn)象發(fā)生的頻率比較低或者在日常生活中不容易見(jiàn)到，又或者是容易被我們忽略的一些現(xiàn)象。文章的展開(kāi)也是圍繞這一現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行，首先是對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象的描述，然后介紹其產(chǎn)生的原因及所造成的影響，從而間接地表達(dá)作者的態(tài)度或評(píng)價(jià)。
應(yīng)對(duì)方法：對(duì)于這類文章，考生不僅要對(duì)描述的現(xiàn)象有所了解，知道其具體在講什么，更重的是對(duì)該現(xiàn)象的成因解釋要理解透徹，明確產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象的真正原因才能在作答時(shí)快速準(zhǔn)確的從文中找到依據(jù)。建議大家在平時(shí)的練習(xí)中養(yǎng)成剖析文章結(jié)構(gòu)的習(xí)慣，這樣不僅可以大大提高做題的效率，還能舉一反三，考生只要稍作歸納，就可以迅速解題，做到事半功倍。
GRE閱讀文章常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)：兩個(gè)以上觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比類
考點(diǎn)：觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比型的GRE閱讀通常會(huì)在文章一開(kāi)始就提出兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的觀點(diǎn)，并在下文中呈現(xiàn)出對(duì)比分析的特點(diǎn)。通過(guò)對(duì)兩個(gè)或多個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的分析比較，間接表現(xiàn)出作者的態(tài)度和評(píng)價(jià)，從而判斷文章的主旨和基調(diào)。在做題過(guò)程中要注意觀察作者的態(tài)度或評(píng)價(jià)，因?yàn)榇祟愋偷奈恼轮型ǔ?huì)有關(guān)于作者態(tài)度的題目。
應(yīng)對(duì)方法：這類文章主要是考察考生對(duì)文章整體的把握程度，對(duì)文章結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容的分析能力，以及對(duì)作者態(tài)度評(píng)價(jià)及邏輯的判斷。文章通常圍繞新觀點(diǎn)展開(kāi)，明白這一點(diǎn)，就要在平時(shí)的練習(xí)中多家注意，并養(yǎng)成好的做題習(xí)慣，這樣才能在考試的時(shí)候臨危不亂，取得滿意的成績(jī)。
GRE閱讀文章常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)：先給結(jié)論再做證明類
考點(diǎn)：此類型的文章通常會(huì)在文章開(kāi)頭給出一個(gè)明確的結(jié)論，然后在下文中圍繞這一結(jié)論進(jìn)行詳細(xì)論述，通過(guò)擺事實(shí)和分析論據(jù)的方式來(lái)證明結(jié)論的正確性或可行性。文章的展開(kāi)通常會(huì)以“總-分”的形式來(lái)呈現(xiàn)。
應(yīng)對(duì)方法：這類文章一般在首句都會(huì)出現(xiàn)一個(gè)主題句，即topic sentence，接著下文圍繞這一話題展開(kāi)討論，并且在討論的過(guò)程中不斷拋出論據(jù)來(lái)證明該結(jié)論的正確性。通過(guò)對(duì)論據(jù)的分析考生可以準(zhǔn)確判斷作者的態(tài)度，對(duì)接下來(lái)的題目練習(xí)做好鋪墊?？忌谄綍r(shí)練習(xí)的時(shí)候一定要養(yǎng)成分析文章套路的習(xí)慣，“養(yǎng)兵千日用兵一時(shí)”對(duì)提升考生的準(zhǔn)確率是非常有效的。
GRE閱讀文章常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)：新舊觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比分析類
考點(diǎn)：此類型的文章通常會(huì)在文章開(kāi)頭給出兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上關(guān)于新觀點(diǎn)的主題句，然后在下文中圍繞這一觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)論述和對(duì)比分析，并且在對(duì)比中會(huì)著重凸顯作者的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)。下面給大家舉例說(shuō)明一下。
應(yīng)對(duì)方法：同樣，此類文章在結(jié)構(gòu)上也會(huì)呈現(xiàn)出總-分-總結(jié)構(gòu)，第一段拋出觀點(diǎn)之后在接下來(lái)的段落中進(jìn)行針對(duì)性的分析，最后一段通常是對(duì)比分析后得出的結(jié)論匯總。所以在平時(shí)做GRE閱讀的時(shí)候一定要養(yǎng)成分析文章套路的習(xí)慣，這樣在做題的時(shí)候就能做到心中有數(shù)，下筆有神。
GRE閱讀文章常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)：提出問(wèn)題設(shè)問(wèn)解答類
考點(diǎn)：?jiǎn)栴}解答類的文章通常會(huì)以問(wèn)句的形式開(kāi)始，第一段會(huì)提出一個(gè)問(wèn)題或者呈現(xiàn)一個(gè)難題，而問(wèn)題通常是“設(shè)問(wèn)”句。常見(jiàn)的標(biāo)志詞如：problem，difficulty, task, puzzle, challenge, question等詞。緊接著會(huì)對(duì)這一問(wèn)題進(jìn)行解答或作出解釋，文章圍繞這些問(wèn)題展開(kāi)討論分析，并把作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度貫穿其中。主要考察考生對(duì)文章問(wèn)題的理解以及對(duì)所給答案的分析和判斷，要求考生有明確的思路和方向。
應(yīng)對(duì)方法：該類文章的大體結(jié)構(gòu)基本可以總結(jié)為“提問(wèn)-解答-表明立場(chǎng)”，考生在讀文章的時(shí)候一定要把握好文章的基調(diào)和作者的評(píng)價(jià)，善于分析并把握文章的重點(diǎn)，判斷作者最想表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。為接下來(lái)的作答做好準(zhǔn)備。首先，正如上文介紹的，文章一開(kāi)始就要找出作者提出的文章要討論的問(wèn)題。接著，作者會(huì)對(duì)此給出解答這個(gè)問(wèn)題的重要信息考生對(duì)這些信息要進(jìn)行明確的標(biāo)注，方便最后的題目解答。最后根據(jù)作者對(duì)問(wèn)題作出的回答判斷作者的觀點(diǎn)和立場(chǎng)，把握文章的主要內(nèi)容。
GRE閱讀的7個(gè)出題點(diǎn)
內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介：
按考到的可能性由高到低排列：
(1)中心思想必考
(2)增減互動(dòng)關(guān)系必考
(3)對(duì)照比較點(diǎn)必考，考異性超過(guò)了考同性
(4)唯一特征必考
(5)強(qiáng)烈語(yǔ)氣必考
(6)修辭提問(wèn)考的概率較大，自問(wèn)自答必考
(7)結(jié)構(gòu)解釋選考，但引號(hào)表示反義時(shí)必考....
GRE閱讀理解邏輯練習(xí)題
1. Armtech, a temporary-employment agency, previously gave its employees 2.5 paid vacation days after each 700 hours worked. Armtech's new policy is to give its employees 5.0 paid vacation days after each 1,200
hours worked. Therefore, this new policy is more generous to Armtech employees in giving them more vacation days per hour worked than the old policy did. Which of the following is an assumption on which
the argument depends?
(A) Most current Armtech employees approve of the company's new vacation policy.
(B) A few Armtech employees leave the company before having worked 700 hours.
(C) Most Armtech employees were not aware that the company planned to change its vacation policy until after it had already done so.
(D) A significant portion of Armtech employees stay with the company long enough to work for 1,200 hours.
(E) Armtech's new vacation policy closely matches the vacation policies of competing temporary employment agencies.
2 The global population of frogs has declined in recent years while the amount of ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth has increased. Since the genetic material in
frog eggs is harmed when exposed to ultraviolet radi- ation, and since the eggs themselves are not protected by shells or leathery coverings but are gelatinous, the frog population decline is probably due, at least in part, to the ultraviolet radiation increase. Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest support for the argument?
(A) Even in those regions where there has been no significant increase in ultraviolet radiation, only a small proportion of the frog eggs that are laid ever hatch.
(B) In areas where there has been the least decline in frog populations, populations of species of insects that frogs eat have decreased.
(C) The eggs of frog species whose populations are declining tend to have higher concentrations of damaging pesticides than do the eggs of frog species whose populations have not declined.
(D) In many places where turtles, which lay eggs with tough, leathery coverings, share habitats with frogs, turtle populations are also in decline.
(E) Populations of frog species that hide their eggs beneath rocks or under sand have declined considerably less than have populations of frog species that do not cover their eggs.
3 To improve productivity, manufacturing companies have recently begun restructuring work to produce more goods with fewer assembly-line workers, and the companies have laid off many workers as a
consequence. The workers laid off have been those with the least seniority(time on the job), generally
the younger workers.The statements above, if true, most strongly support which of the following as a conclusion?
(A) The products manufactured by the companies are not undergoing design changes while the manufacturing jobs are being restructured.
(B) When assembly-line workers have made sug- gestions for improvements in manufacturing processes, some suggestions have been implemented, but many have not.
(C) Assembly-line workers now need increased reading and mathematical skills to do their jobs.
(D) Some of the innovations in assembly-line processes and procedures that were made to increase productivity have instead proved to be counterproductive.
(E) The manufacturing companies are increasing the average age of their assembly-line workforce while still seeking to increase production.
4.During the nineteenth century, Britain's urban popu- lation increased as its rural population diminished. A historian theorizes that, rather than industrialization's
being the cause, this change resulted from a series of migrations to urban areas, each occasioned by a depression in the agrarian economy. To test this hypoth-
esis, the historian will compare economic data with population census data. The historian's hypothesis would be most strongly supported if which of the following were found to be
true?
(A) The periods of greatest growth in the industrial economy were associated with a relatively rapid decline in the rural population.
(B) The periods of greatest weakness in the agrarian economy were associated with relatively slow growth in the population as a whole.
(C) Periods when the agrarian economy was compar- atively strong and the industrial economy com- paratively weak were associated with a particu- larly rapid decline in the rural population.
(D) Periods when the agrarian and industrial econo- mies were both strong were associated with particularly rapid growth in the urban popula- tion.
(E) The periods of greatest strength in the agrarian economy were associated with relatively slow growth in the urban population.
5 Politician：Each year, small businesses create more jobs than do large established businesses. Therefore, in order to reduce unemployment in the long term, we should provide incentives for starting small businesses rather than for expanding established large businesses. Which of the following, if true, casts the most doubt on the politician's argument?
(A) In general, people employed by small businesses report higher job satisfaction than do people employed by large businesses.
(B) Among the currently unemployed are many people with sufficient job skills to perform the jobs that small businesses would create.
(C) Providing an effective incentive for starting a business generally costs significantly less than providing an effective incentive for expanding a large business.
(D) A high proportion of small businesses fail within three years of starting because of their owners' inexperience.
(E) The average large business contributes more money to politicians’ campaign funds than the average small business does.
6 In the workplace, influenza is typically spread by infected individuals to others with whom they work in close quarters. A new medication that suppresses the symptoms of influenza therefore will actually increase the number of influenza cases, because this medication will allow people who would otherwise be home in bed to return to work while infected. Which of the following, if true, most seriously chal- lenges the prediction?
(A) Coughing, a symptom of influenza that the new medication suppresses, is a primary mechanism in the spread of this illness.
(B) Some medications that are used to suppress symptoms of influenza are also used by many people to treat symptoms that are caused not by influenza but by other illnesses.
(C) Many workers who now remain at home when infected with influenza do so because the symptoms of influenza prevent them from per-
forming their jobs effectively.
(D) Most adults who are immunized against influ- enza in order to avoid being infected are over 65 years old and retired and thus do not work
outside the home.
(E) Symptoms of an illness are often the body's means of curing itself of the illness, and there-
fore suppression of symptoms can prolong the illness that causes them.
7 Editorial： Critics of nuclear power complain about the allegedly serious harm that might result from continued operation of existing nuclear power plants. But such concerns do not justify closing these plants;after all, their operation has caused no more harm than that caused by pollution generated by coal-and oil-burning power plants, the most important other sources of energy. Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
(A) Existing nuclear power plants should be closed only if it can be conclusively demonstrated that their continued operation is likely to cause harm more serious than the harm their operation has already caused.
(B) Closing existing nuclear power plants would require greatly increased reliance on coal-and oil-burning power plants.
(C) The harm that has resulted from operation of existing coal-and oil-burning power plants has been significant.
(D) The harm that a nuclear power plant is likely to cause as it continues to operate can be reliably predicted from the past history of nuclear power plants.
(E) The only harm that has resulted from operation of existing coal-and oil-burning power plants has resulted from the pollution generated by these plants.
8 Drug manufacturer: Although our company requires that patients who use our new drug also pur- chase from us nonreusable kits for weekly blood testing, the expense of those kits is an entirely necessary one: weekly blood testing must be done to monitor the drug's potential side effects, which can be very dangerous. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weak- ens the manufacturer's argument?
(A) The expense of purchasing the blood-test kits has not prevented any patients from obtaining them or the drug.
(B) Medical laboratories can perform the blood test- ing at a lower cost to patients or their insurers than the price the manufacturer charges for the kits.
(C) A one-year supply of the drug and the weekly blood-test kits can cost patients or their insurers over $10,000.
(D) Most government and other health insurance programs will not reimburse patients for the full cost of both the drug and the blood-test kits.
(E) Patients who suffer one or more of the danger- ous side effects of the drug can incur heavy expenses for the treatment of those side effects.
9 Virginia and her brother William disagree over when their father was born: Virginia claims it was in 1935 and William claims it was in 1933. The hospital where their father was born has no records for 1933 but has complete records for 1935—records that do not include a birth record for their father. Therefore, he must have been born in 1933. The argument depends on which of the following assumptions?
(A) Either Virginia's claim or William's claim is correct.
(B) The records of the hospital where their father was born date back to 1933.
(C) Virginia and William know the day and the month of their father's birth.
(D) There are urgent practical reasons why Virginia and William must know the date of their father's birth.
(E) None of their other relatives knows the year in which Virginia and William's father was born.
10 The town of San Leonardo has recently enacted a law banning smoking in all restaurants within town limits. Since many smokers who normally dine in San Leonardo's restaurants will not want to refrain from smoking during their meals, San Leonardo's restau- rants will undoubtedly lose many patrons and con- siderable income. Which of the following, if true, most helps to strengthen the argument above?
(A) Most residents of San Leonardo who eat in res- taurants are not smokers.
(B) Most smokers who dine in the company of non- smokers are willing to refrain from smoking during their meals.
(C) If the law banning smoking in restaurants had not been enacted, it is likely that a more stringent law banning smoking in all public places in San Leonardo would have been enacted instead.
(D) Prior to the enactment of the law banning smoking in San Leonardo's restaurant, the town had a law that required most restaurants to have nonsmoking sections.
(E) None of the other communities adjacent to San Leonardo, which have restaurants comparable to those of San Leonardo, has enacted and enforces any antismoking legislation.
11. Children whose biological parents both have Tic Syndrome Z (TSZ), which is characterized by the involuntary contraction of certain muscles, are about four times more likely to develop such contractions than are children whose biological parents do not have TSZ, It is likely, therefore, that predisposition to TSZ is an inherited trait. Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conclusion above?
(A) Children whose parents have TSZ are more likely to develop TSZ if they are under unusual stress at school or at home than if they are not under such stress.
(B) Children whose biological parents do not have TSZ are more likely to develop TSZ if they are raised by adoptive parents with TSZ than if they are raised by their biological parents.
(C) Children whose biological parents have TSZ are as likely to develop TSZ if they are raised by adoptive parents who do not have TSZ as if they are raised by their biological parents.
(D) Children whose biological parents have TSZ and who develop TSZ usually avoid developing a severe form of the syndrome if they seek treatment for TSZ shortly after developing the first signs of it.
(E) Children with TSZ whose biological parents do not have TSZ are less likely to have the syn- drome diagnosed when symptoms first appear than are children with TSZ whose biological parents have TSZ.
12. Playing eighteenth-century music on the instruments of that period provides valuable information about how the music originally sounded. Eighteenth-century instruments cannot be played without being restored, however, and restoring such an instrument destroys all of the information that researchers could obtain from it about eighteenth-century instrument-making techniques.
If the statements above are true, which of the following must be true on the basis of them?
(A) Eighteenth-century instruments cannot be used to provide information about the original techniques used in playing such instruments if they have been restored.
(B) Eighteenth-century instruments that have been restored can provide information only about how eighteenth-century music originally sounded
(C) Eighteenth-century instruments are the only source of information about the instrument-making techniques of that period.
(D) An eighteenth-century instrument that has not been restored can provide more information than can one that has been restored.
(E) An eighteenth-century instrument cannot serve as a source of new information about eighteenth-century instrument-making techniques once it can be played
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GRE閱讀備考先從文章結(jié)構(gòu)切入
