2020雅思閱讀詞匯積累技巧

雅思閱讀詞匯涉及的范圍很寬，所以大家在做雅思閱讀的時(shí)候很容易遇到生詞。下面小編就和大家分享雅思閱讀詞匯積累技巧，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。

雅思閱讀詞匯積累技巧

一. 雅思閱讀遇到生詞先猜詞

雅思閱讀因?yàn)樯婕暗脑~匯量比較多，所以在做雅思閱讀的時(shí)候遇到生詞很常見，大家只要在備考的過程中注意積累就可以了，不必過于慌張。那么，閱讀中遇到生詞應(yīng)該如何積累呢?是否應(yīng)該立即查詞典呢?其實(shí)直接查詞典是不利于記憶生詞的，大家可以在查詞典之前先猜測(cè)生詞的意思。猜測(cè)生詞釋義的方法有很多種，比如根據(jù)你積累的詞根詞綴來(lái)猜詞，根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)，根據(jù)文中對(duì)應(yīng)詞匯猜測(cè)等等。猜詞完成以后再去查單詞不僅能夠加深對(duì)詞匯的印象，還能在猜詞練習(xí)中提高自己的猜詞能力，考試中遇到不認(rèn)識(shí)的詞匯時(shí)也有更大概率猜出生詞的意思。

二. 雅思閱讀詞匯積累之分類記

小站雅思君想給大家分享的第二個(gè)雅思閱讀詞匯積累技巧是分類記憶。詞匯分類記憶對(duì)于提升記憶效果和閱讀做題速度都很有幫助。如果你將所有的生詞集中到一起時(shí)來(lái)背很容易記混亂，如果你將詞匯按類別分開，不但背起來(lái)省力很多，下次遇到該類型閱讀文章的時(shí)候還能迅速回憶起這些詞匯，做題速度會(huì)大大提升。另外，雅思閱讀中涉及的生詞有的也會(huì)在聽力口語(yǔ)或?qū)懽髦猩婕暗?，不同版塊涉獵的詞匯背記要求不同，如果是一些只會(huì)在閱讀中涉及的長(zhǎng)難詞，做到認(rèn)識(shí)即可，如果在口語(yǔ)和寫作中也有涉及的話，不僅要認(rèn)識(shí)還要掌握詞匯用法。

三. 雅思閱讀詞匯積累之常復(fù)習(xí)

雅思閱讀詞匯雖然要要求不高，但是也不能一遍過。通常情況下，如果我們記憶詞匯只記一遍的話，憶效果不牢靠很容易遺忘。所以，積累雅思閱讀詞匯時(shí)也要常常復(fù)習(xí)。建議第一天復(fù)習(xí)頻率高一些，總體達(dá)到6-7遍，之后重點(diǎn)記憶難記的詞即可。另外一個(gè)復(fù)習(xí)的方法就是多做題，在題目中再次遇到生詞也相當(dāng)于是對(duì)詞匯的復(fù)習(xí)。

雅思閱讀：常用技巧之同義轉(zhuǎn)換

雅思閱讀同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換一、詞的轉(zhuǎn)換

1. 相同詞性的同義替換：

相同詞性的同義替換一般指的是只涉及單個(gè)單詞的轉(zhuǎn)換。單個(gè)單詞的轉(zhuǎn)換包括詞性轉(zhuǎn)換及同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換。其中詞性轉(zhuǎn)換是相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單的一種，詞匯量可觀的考生自然可以游刃有余，輕松應(yīng)對(duì);即便不認(rèn)識(shí)被轉(zhuǎn)換了的單詞的考生，也可以通過詞根詞綴以及上下文進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。

例如：

Example 1:

One of the brain’smost difficult tasks is to

A. react to their ownthoughts

B. helped createlanguage in humans

C. respond instantlyto whatever is happening

題干中的核心信息most difficult應(yīng)該在讀題的過程中被考生捕捉到，在定位時(shí)應(yīng)充分考慮到被代換的可能性;另外備考時(shí)訓(xùn)練充分有素的考生還會(huì)考慮到句子結(jié)構(gòu)的整體順序的不同。這樣，當(dāng)定位到原文的對(duì)應(yīng)信息句：

Making a rapidemotional assessment of the events of the moment is an extremely demanding jobfor the brain, animal or human.

考生應(yīng)該能夠敏銳地發(fā)現(xiàn)extremelydemanding是most difficult的代換，由此確定該句所表達(dá)的意思是正確答案，在list中搜尋正確的選項(xiàng)時(shí)，句子中的內(nèi)容被再一次代換，其中原文中 rapidemotional assessment of the events被代換為respond instantly towhatever is happening, 至此，答案為C。

Example 2:

It has been suggestedthat children hold mistaken views about the 'pure' science that they study atschool. 根據(jù)'pure'定位到文中第二段第一行Manystudies have shown that children harbour misconceptions about 'pure' science,curriculum science. 短短一句話我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)有三組四處同義替換，分別為suggested-shown;hold-harbour; mistaken views-misconceptions; science that they study atschool-curriculum science. 因此答案為TRUE。

Example 3:

Some people maybelieve that the teacher- subjects’ behavior could be explained as a positivesurvival mechanism.

可以看出句中positive和survival是關(guān)鍵詞，由句中出現(xiàn)的survivalmechanism可判斷為是從生物角度來(lái)談?wù)摰?，又因?yàn)樵牡腇段首句：One’sfirst inclination might be to argue that there are must be some sort of built inanimal aggression instinct that … 中提到了相關(guān)內(nèi)容，所以定位到該段。迅速掃描，搜尋和兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞對(duì)應(yīng)的信息，除了在該段第六行出現(xiàn)了原詞重現(xiàn)的survival, 還在上一行出現(xiàn)了advantageous, 顯然是positive的代換。由于原文跟題目中的信息吻合，所以答案是TRUE。

2. 不同詞性的同義替換：

不同詞性同義代換顧名思義，就是在代換時(shí)不受詞性的限制，比如：obvious換成clearly; similar換成resemble等。

Example 1:

Despite substantialfunding, results (of this program) have been disappointing.

代換為：This program failedalthough they received sufficient funding.

因?yàn)榘裠isappointing換成了failed, “although”代換了“inspite of”, 通過詞的代換就會(huì)很自然的實(shí)現(xiàn)英文中提倡的句式多樣性。

雅思閱讀同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換二、詞組的轉(zhuǎn)換

詞組的轉(zhuǎn)換一般情況下是同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換的一個(gè)衍生。當(dāng)一個(gè)詞無(wú)法用另一個(gè)同義詞到位地解釋時(shí)，可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)用詞組解釋的情況。另外如果本身就是詞組的形式，那么通常來(lái)講還是會(huì)用詞組的形式進(jìn)行解釋。

例如：

Example 1:

原文：Computers are gainingin popularity, despite their cost.

題目：Computers are morepopular than they used to be.

原文當(dāng)中的gaining in popularity題目中用morepopular than they used to be作為替換。兩者在意思上屬于完全一致的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此答案為TRUE。

Example 2:

原文：Biologically, aspecies becomes extinct when its last individual dies.

題目：In biological terms,a species is said to be extinct when only one individual exists.

原文當(dāng)中的biologically用題目的inbiological terms作為替換。Become則由issaid to be作為替換。但是原文當(dāng)中的die在題目中變成了exist, 直接相反的意思。介于最后這一處的轉(zhuǎn)換與原文信息不符，可以判斷出此題答案是FALSE。

Example 3:

There were severalreasons for the research into plastics in the nineteenth century, among themthe great advances that had been made in the field of _____and the search foralternatives to natural resources like ivory.

解析：根據(jù)nineteenth century定位到文中第二段......Theimpetus behind the development of these early plastics was generated by anumber of factors- immense technological progress in the domain ofchemistry,.......其中，in the field of意思等同于inthe domain of“在....領(lǐng)域”，因此答案為chemistry。

In recent years, manyof them have been obliged to give up their _____ lifestyle, but they continueto depend mainly on _____ for their food and clothes.

解析：根據(jù)上下文定位到文中 Overthe past 40 years, most have abandoned their nomadic ways and settled in theterritory's 18 isolated communities, but they still rely heavily on nature toprovide food and clothing. 因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)同學(xué)都認(rèn)識(shí)abandon, 更知道giveup是“放棄”的意思，屬于單詞與詞組的替換，因此第一個(gè)空填nomadic,lifestyle“生活方式”與ways替換，dependmainly on與rely heavily on屬于詞組與詞組的替換，意為“依賴......”，答案為nature。

綜上所述，同義詞替換在雅思閱讀中的重要作用顯而易見。提醒廣大考生在平時(shí)一定要注意多積累，比如在背單詞的時(shí)候，就不能只滿足于記住單詞本身，還應(yīng)該多想想這個(gè)單詞有什么同義、近義詞，以及詞組的代換，這樣在雅思閱讀中就能取得好的成績(jī)。

雅思閱讀材料：誰(shuí)來(lái)解救烏克蘭

The Ukrainian crisis is quickly becoming a geostrategic conflict. The Crimean parliament's declaration of independence from Ukraine ahead of the March 16 referendum indicates Crimea may possibly join Russia. As Russian President Vladimir Putin maneuvers to restore Russia's right to behave with a superpower's impunity-particularly in its own backyard-the West pushes back.

But economic forces also have shaped this confrontation, especially Ukraine's record as the world's worst performing industrial economy over the last 20 years.

It was popular discontent with this disastrous performance that fomented the recent dissent. This, in turn, triggered a bloody response from ousted Crimean President Viktor Yanukovych. His response consolidated the opposition-and ultimately cost Yanukovych his job.

Beyond this week's political and military maneuvers, the outstanding question is: Who will bail out the Ukrainian economy? Russia, or the EU and the United States? A bailout will be the price of drawing Ukraine into one of the two trading systems on offer.

Stated simply, Ukraine is the economic equivalent of a failed state. After gaining independence in 1991, the country moved briefly to liberalize its economy along the same lines as most of Eastern and Central Europe.

However, Ukraine soon jettisoned its reforms in favor of the state-oligarch model, which was also evolving in Russia. Some 20 years later, Ukraine's GDP has shrunk 30 percent.

Even Russia's sorry economy is 20 percent larger than it was in 1991. And Poland's economy, which looked much like Ukraine's in 1991, has grown 130 percent over the same period.

Ukraine's economic performance has been so terrible and for so long that its sovereign debt issues are now considered the equivalent of junk bonds. Even before the crisis, Ukraine's credit rating was worse than Greece's. And it was no better than that of Argentina, a global financial pariah for its mismanaged debt defaults and summary expropriations of foreign-owned companies.

Ukraine's debts will soon be due, with some $15 billion in sovereign bonds maturing this year and another $15 billion in 2015. With a current account deficit equal to 8 percent of its GDP, Ukraine cannot pay off and refinance those debts without large-scale aid-$20 billion to $25 billion-and affiliating itself with a larger trading system.

An economic and trade alliance with Russia would deliver the bailout, but with little prospects of improving the underlying economy.

The European Union and the United States (through the International Monetary Fund) also are prepared to provide the bailout if the Ukrainian government accepts far-reaching economic reforms. The EU-US/IMF reforms should lead to better economic times down the road.

But they also would mean more short-term hardships for ordinary Ukrainians. That's why Yanukovych sided with Putin.

With a new, pro-Western government in charge in Kiev, Ukraine's fate may well lie in the hands of Europe and the United States. Their choice is simple to state, if difficult to execute: Do they put sufficient economic and diplomatic pressure on Putin, to convince him to pocket his own bailout-and let the West pick up the pieces?

The author is co-founder and chairman of Sonecon, LLC, a private company that advises US and foreign businesses, governments and non-profit organizations.

烏克蘭危機(jī)正迅速成為一個(gè)地緣戰(zhàn)略沖突?？死锩讈喢撾x烏克蘭的獨(dú)立宣言是要表明克里米亞真有可能入俄。俄羅斯總統(tǒng)弗拉基米爾·普京竭力恢復(fù)俄羅斯超級(jí)大國(guó)免責(zé)權(quán)——尤其在自家后院——西方國(guó)家則迎頭反擊。

烏克蘭的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況也引發(fā)了這一沖突，烏克蘭過去20年淪為世界上最落后的工業(yè)化國(guó)家。

正是民眾對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)糟糕狀況的不滿激起了最近這場(chǎng)抗議活動(dòng)。反過來(lái)，這又引發(fā)時(shí)任總統(tǒng)維克多·亞努科維奇的殘酷鎮(zhèn)壓，反對(duì)派于是眾志成城最終把亞努科維奇趕下了臺(tái)。

除了經(jīng)濟(jì)軍事較量，最突出的問題是：誰(shuí)將解救烏克蘭經(jīng)濟(jì)?俄羅斯、歐盟還是美國(guó)?解救烏克蘭的代價(jià)便是把烏克蘭帶入其中一個(gè)現(xiàn)有的貿(mào)易體系。

簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)，烏克蘭經(jīng)濟(jì)上等同于失敗的國(guó)家。1991年獨(dú)立后，該國(guó)迅速實(shí)行經(jīng)濟(jì)自由化，但很快放棄了改革，轉(zhuǎn)投國(guó)家寡頭政治模式，而當(dāng)時(shí)這也在俄羅斯盛行。大約20年后，烏克蘭GDP縮水30%。

即便糟糕的俄羅斯經(jīng)濟(jì)也比1991年增長(zhǎng)了20%。與此同時(shí)，1991年酷似烏克蘭狀況的波蘭經(jīng)濟(jì)同期增長(zhǎng)130%。

如今，烏克蘭國(guó)債已被視為垃圾債券。即使在危機(jī)之前，烏克蘭信貸評(píng)級(jí)比希臘還要低，比阿根廷也好不到哪里去。阿根廷由于管理不當(dāng)，拖欠債務(wù)并沒收外資企業(yè)，淪為全球金融棄兒。

烏克蘭150多億美元國(guó)債將在今年到期，還有150億美元2015年到期。目前烏克蘭經(jīng)常賬戶赤字相當(dāng)于GDP的8%。如果沒有巨額援助-200億美元到250億美元-或不加入到一個(gè)更大的貿(mào)易體系中，烏克蘭不可能籌資償還債務(wù)。

成為俄羅斯的經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易盟友會(huì)保證得到救助，但經(jīng)濟(jì)根本改善的希望渺茫。

如果烏克蘭政府愿意接受廣泛深度的經(jīng)濟(jì)改革，歐盟和美國(guó)(通過國(guó)際貨幣基金組織)也愿意提供救助金。這應(yīng)該會(huì)帶來(lái)更好的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。

但與西方聯(lián)合也意味著普通烏克蘭人會(huì)陷入更多的短期困境。這也是為什么亞努科維奇站在普京一邊。

隨著基輔親西方政府執(zhí)政，烏克蘭的命運(yùn)很有可能掌握在歐洲和美國(guó)的手中。他們的選擇簡(jiǎn)單但難以實(shí)施：用足夠的經(jīng)濟(jì)外交壓力迫使普京收回自己的救助資金，而讓西方國(guó)家來(lái)收拾殘局?