托福閱讀直接信息題實(shí)例解析分享
托福閱讀直接信息題又叫事實(shí)信息題，顧名思義考察的是考生對(duì)閱讀文章中直接給出的事實(shí)信息的理解能力，下面小編就和大家分享托福閱讀直接信息題實(shí)例解析 ,希望能夠幫助到大家，快來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)一下吧。
托福閱讀直接信息題實(shí)例解析
一般能來(lái)說(shuō)，托福閱讀直接信息題的解題需要遵循三步：1.從題干中找到定位關(guān)鍵詞 2.通過(guò)定位關(guān)鍵詞找到對(duì)應(yīng)原文，得出原文答案 3.將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)跟原文答案進(jìn)行對(duì)照，看哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)是對(duì)原文答案的同義改寫(xiě)。這個(gè)過(guò)程中最重要的主要有兩種能力：關(guān)鍵詞定位與同義改寫(xiě)。
首先我們來(lái)看看“定位關(guān)鍵詞”。，按照“識(shí)別度高低”排序可以有如下這些幫助我們回到原文定位的關(guān)鍵詞：
(1) 數(shù)字、大寫(xiě)、符號(hào)(引號(hào)、破折號(hào)、連字符、斜體...)
(2) 名詞(以具體名詞為主、抽象名詞為輔，因?yàn)榍罢吒蝗菀妆桓膶?xiě))
(3) 比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)
(4) 動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞
在關(guān)鍵詞定位的過(guò)程中我們要對(duì)題干中諸如when、where 、how 、why等特殊疑問(wèn)詞敏感，這些單詞可以幫我們更好地判斷題目的考查方向，讓我們知道最終要找到什么。另外文章標(biāo)題詞不可作為定位關(guān)鍵詞，因?yàn)楦哳l詞沒(méi)有定位價(jià)值。
關(guān)于Step 2“原文答案”，這是指的是如果題目沒(méi)有四個(gè)選項(xiàng)、只有題干的話，這道題就類似一道簡(jiǎn)答題，那么這個(gè)“原文答案”就是該簡(jiǎn)答題的答案。最后關(guān)于Step 3“同義改寫(xiě)”，這也是托?？荚囎顝V泛考察的能力之一了，指同義詞或近義詞的替換。
接下來(lái)我們運(yùn)用這個(gè)三步走的策略來(lái)解答下面兩道題：
例題1
Though it may be difficult to imagine from a later perspective, a strain of critical opinion in the 1920s predicted that sound film would be a technical novelty that would soon fade from sight, just as had many previous attempts, dating well back before the First World War, to link images with recorded sound. These critics were making a common assumption-that the technological inadequacies of earlier efforts (poor synchronization, weak sound amplification, fragile sound recordings) would invariably occur again. To be sure, their evaluation of the technical flaws in 1920s sound experiments was not so far off the mark, yet they neglected to take into account important new forces in the motion picture field that, in a sense, would not take no for an answer.
Which of the following is true about the technical problems of early sound films?
(A) Linking images with recorded sound was a larger obstacle than weak sound amplification or fragile sound recordings.
(B) Sound films in the 1920s were unable to solve the technical flaws found in sound films before the First World War.
(C) Technical inadequacies occurred less frequently in early sound films than critics suggested.
(D) Critics assumed that it would be impossible to overcome the technical difficulties experienced with earlier sound films.
解析：
Step1題干： 找出題干的定位關(guān)鍵詞，是technical problems of early sound films。這段所有句子就是圍繞early sound films展開(kāi)的，所以early sound films沒(méi)有定位價(jià)值，所以需要通過(guò)technical problems來(lái)定位;technical problems是抽象詞，一般會(huì)發(fā)生改寫(xiě)。
Step2原文： 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)原文中有兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)都跟technical problems同義改寫(xiě)，分別是倒數(shù)第二句的technological inadequacies和倒數(shù)第一句的technical flaws。
Step3選項(xiàng)： 縱觀四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)D選項(xiàng)跟倒數(shù)第二句同義改寫(xiě)，其中impossible to overcome跟原文中would invariably occur again是同義改寫(xiě)，technical difficulties跟題干關(guān)鍵詞是同義改寫(xiě)。
例題2
Statues were normally made of stone, wood, or metal. Stone statues were worked from single rectangular blocks of material and retained the compactness of the original shape. The stone between the arms and the body and between the legs in standing figures or the legs and the seat in seated ones was not normally cut away. From a practical aspect this protected the figures against breakage and psychologically gives the images a sense of strength and power, usually enhanced by a supporting back pillar. By contrast, wooden statues were carved from several pieces of wood that were pegged together to form the finished work, and metal statues were either made by wrapping sheet metal around a wooden core or cast by the lost wax process. The arms could be held away from the body and carry separate items in their hands; there is no back pillar. The effect is altogether lighter and freer than that achieved in stone, but because both perform the same function, formal wooden and metal statues still display frontality.
Which of the following statements about wooden statues is true?
(A) Wooden statues were usually larger than stone statues.
(B) Wooden statues were made from a single piece of wood.
(C) Wooden statues contained pieces of metal or stone attached to the front.
(D) Wooden statues had a different effect on the viewer than stone statues.
解析：
Step1題干： 找出題干的定位關(guān)鍵詞，是wooden statues;這是具體名詞，一般不會(huì)改寫(xiě)。
Step2原文：根據(jù)wooden statues定位至倒數(shù)第三句(以By contrast開(kāi)頭)，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)之后兩句話也都是關(guān)于wooden statues的信息;那么原文答案就是最后三句話。
Step3選項(xiàng)： 縱觀四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)D選項(xiàng)跟原文最后一句話but之前的信息同義改寫(xiě)，所以答案是D。
綜上所述，托福閱讀直接信息題的解答策略并不復(fù)雜，主要涉及關(guān)鍵詞定位和同義改寫(xiě)這兩個(gè)基本能力的考察，只要把握好確定關(guān)鍵詞、定位、同義改寫(xiě)的做題節(jié)奏，利用真題做好充分練習(xí)與反思，我們完全可以輕松hold住這一高頻題型，順利穩(wěn)住托福閱讀。
托福閱讀：新題難題攻克技巧
ETS在我們歡度五一小長(zhǎng)期時(shí)，“肆無(wú)忌憚”的又放大招——漲價(jià)(現(xiàn)價(jià)1761元)，除此之外，從今年一月份開(kāi)始，考生各種反饋，聽(tīng)力和閱讀在變難，TPO神馬的已不能滿足現(xiàn)在的備考需求，真的是這樣嗎?
其實(shí)從新的TPO40-48來(lái)看，無(wú)論閱讀文章難度、長(zhǎng)度和考試側(cè)重點(diǎn)都發(fā)生很大變化。尤其是閱讀方面，我歸納大致是以下三點(diǎn)：
(1)文章難度方面：TPO1-37的段落偏短，在100字左右，題目數(shù)量偏少，現(xiàn)在的段落一般在300字左右，一個(gè)段落中出現(xiàn)的大概3-5道題目，所以對(duì)大家來(lái)說(shuō)，尋找題目答案的難度是有所提升的。
(2)文章題型方面：題型有所創(chuàng)新，TPO1-37為傳統(tǒng)的十大題型，TPO40-48是新增加創(chuàng)新型題型，難度方面更加往SAT去靠攏;如TPO44閱讀Q11，出現(xiàn)LEAST。
(3)答題技巧方面：TPO1-37都是規(guī)律性的解題技巧，TPO40-48需要在答題技巧以外需要更多的綜合能力。
那么針對(duì)以上三大變化，我們又改如何應(yīng)對(duì)呢?我覺(jué)得可以從四大方面入手準(zhǔn)備，各個(gè)擊破!
一、詞匯，愛(ài)你沒(méi)商量，永遠(yuǎn)是主旋律。說(shuō)起詞匯，大多學(xué)生反應(yīng)是頭疼，根本記不住，然而閱讀詞匯就只要大致認(rèn)識(shí)或是能推出文中詞匯的大致方向就算過(guò)關(guān)，并且要以動(dòng)詞為主，因?yàn)閯?dòng)詞決定句意和名詞關(guān)系，而形容詞和副詞只是情感詞，托福閱讀一般來(lái)說(shuō)又不考察作者的情感色彩，所以我們就要做到：
1. 找一本適合的詞匯書(shū)，同時(shí)因?yàn)槟阍~匯量比較小，而且背單詞比較枯燥，需要聯(lián)想記憶，包括故事，語(yǔ)音和詞根詞綴。
2. 同時(shí)也建議你在背單詞書(shū)的同時(shí)，大量的精讀托福閱讀文章。因?yàn)槲覀儷@得單詞是從兩個(gè)方面獲得的，一方面是機(jī)械地獲得這個(gè)詞匯，另一方面是來(lái)自閱讀的文章中，在閱讀中背單詞是特別快，而且不容易忘記。所以建議兩方面結(jié)合，個(gè)是背一本單詞書(shū);第二個(gè)是大量閱讀新托福的文章，包括老的托福的文章也是特別有意義的文章，同時(shí)把里面的單詞全部都背下來(lái)是非常有利的。為什么這么強(qiáng)調(diào)單詞呢?就在于新托福的閱讀中有1/4的題目全部在于詞匯上。
二、理清句子結(jié)構(gòu)，獲得句子主干?？梢杂孟旅婢渥幼詼y(cè)：A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality，finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound，from a liquid，singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance. (介詞結(jié)構(gòu)from…to…作定語(yǔ)) 持續(xù)到19世紀(jì)的一系列機(jī)械上的改進(jìn)，包括引入踏板以維持音調(diào)或使其柔和，改善金屬框架，以及使用性能的鋼絲，終產(chǎn)生了一種具備無(wú)數(shù)音調(diào)效果的樂(lè)器——這些效果涵蓋了從精致的和聲到幾乎全部的管弦樂(lè)音響，從明快流暢的吟唱音調(diào)到尖銳的打擊樂(lè)器的恢弘氣氛。
分句1：A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century
分句2：including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it
分句3：the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality
分句4：finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects
分句5：from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound
分句6：from a liquid，singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance
本句真正的主句結(jié)構(gòu)其實(shí)是由分句1和分句4構(gòu)成，即A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects，分句2和分句3并列修飾說(shuō)明分句1中的A series of mechanical improvements，而分句5和分句6并列，修飾說(shuō)明了 分句4中的an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects。
三、必要的背景知識(shí)。很多同學(xué)讀地質(zhì)、天文類的文章簡(jiǎn)直就是霧里看花，水中望月，因?yàn)槲覀儗?duì)板塊的形成運(yùn)動(dòng)，太陽(yáng)系及宇宙黑洞，又或者是火山地震和冰川的了解太少了，而這類文章的描述又特別細(xì)致，所以建議同學(xué)們看看Discovery或是學(xué)習(xí)自然科學(xué)，熟悉詞匯，對(duì)常見(jiàn)的自然現(xiàn)象做深入了解。
四、科學(xué)的做題方法和練習(xí)。當(dāng)萬(wàn)事俱備時(shí)，就是我們刷題之時(shí)。刷題并不意味著一味的做題，要掌握每種題型的做題方法，保證思考方向的正確性。其次就是計(jì)時(shí)練習(xí)，如果做題沒(méi)有緊張感，一是造成閱讀速度一直無(wú)法提高，二是考試的時(shí)候緊張有可能做不完題或是讀文章不走心，需要重復(fù)讀，浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，還容易出錯(cuò)，所以必須嚴(yán)格控制答題時(shí)間。
托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句：恐龍滅絕的原因
Others have blamed extinction on competition from the mammals, which allegedly ate all the dinosaur eggs--except that mammals and dinosaurs appeared at the same time in the Late Triassic, about 190 million years ago, and there is no reason to believe that mammals suddenly acquired a taste for dinosaur eggs after 120 million years of coexistence. (TPO42, 56)
allegedly/?'led?idli/ adv.據(jù)稱，據(jù)傳聞
分析：
這個(gè)句子的主干就是：
Others have blamed extinction on competition from the mammals
修飾一：(which allegedly ate all the dinosaur eggs)，從句
中文：據(jù)說(shuō)它們吃掉了所有的恐龍蛋
修飾二：(that mammals and dinosaurs appeared at the same time in the Late Triassic, about 190 million years ago,and there is no reason to believe that mammals suddenly acquired a taste for dinosaur eggs after 120 million years of coexistence.) ，從句
注意這個(gè)從句里面還有一個(gè)從句：
(that mammals suddenly acquired a taste for dinosaur eggs after 120 million years of coexistence)
中文：哺乳動(dòng)物和恐龍同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在約190萬(wàn)年前的晚三疊世，沒(méi)理由認(rèn)為哺乳動(dòng)物在和恐龍共同生活了120萬(wàn)年之后，忽然愛(ài)吃恐龍蛋了。
參考翻譯：
其他科學(xué)家將(恐龍的)滅絕歸咎于哺乳動(dòng)物的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，據(jù)說(shuō)它們吃掉了所有的恐龍蛋——只是，哺乳動(dòng)物和恐龍同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在約190萬(wàn)年前的晚三疊世，沒(méi)理由認(rèn)為哺乳動(dòng)物在和恐龍共同生活了120萬(wàn)年之后，忽然愛(ài)吃恐龍蛋了。
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