A類雅思閱讀10大題型分享
雅思A類閱讀考察的是限時(shí)下的信息搜索提取能力，可以說細(xì)節(jié)決定雅思閱讀的成敗，今天小編給大家?guī)砹? A類雅思閱讀10大題型之形形色色,希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧
十面埋伏 A類雅思閱讀10大題型之形形色色
一、A類雅思閱讀考試概括
A類雅思考試閱讀(學(xué)術(shù)類)部分共有三篇文章，考生需要回答40道題目。每一篇文章所需要回答的問題數(shù)量并不相同。每一道問題相對(duì)應(yīng)一個(gè)分?jǐn)?shù)。文章內(nèi)容和題目均出現(xiàn)于試卷中。
閱讀考試中所出現(xiàn)的文章是由真實(shí)的文章改寫而成的。這些文章來源于諸如雜志、期刊、書籍和報(bào)紙等途徑，與考生未來在大學(xué)課程中將閱讀到的文章極為相似。文章還包括了非文字性的內(nèi)容，比如圖表、曲線圖、以及畫圖等。文章的寫作方式多樣，比如記敘文、說明文或者議論文等文體。文章的內(nèi)容包含即將學(xué)習(xí)本科、研究生課程或進(jìn)行職業(yè)注冊(cè)的考生所感興趣的、與其認(rèn)知程度相符的常見話題。其中，至少一篇文章會(huì)出現(xiàn)詳盡的論述形式。所有文章總計(jì)長(zhǎng)度約在2000到2750字之間。
二、10大官方題型樣式
A類雅思考試閱讀(學(xué)術(shù)類)部分共有以下10鐘題型，其中一些會(huì)有少許的變化。這些題型是：
題型一 選擇
這是一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)題型，大家都很熟悉。但就是這種大家都熟悉的題型，IELTS考試也要弄出新花樣。其它考試中，如四級(jí)、六級(jí)、TOEFL，只有四選一一種形式。IELTS考試的選擇題分為四選一和多選多兩種。
題型二 填空
又叫摘要填空題。該類題目是一小段文字，是原文或原文中的幾個(gè)段落主要內(nèi)容的縮寫或改寫，我們稱之為摘要。摘要中有幾個(gè)空白部分要求考生填空。按照范圍，摘要可分為兩種：全文摘要和部分段落摘要。全文摘要，摘要信息來自全文，題目空格的數(shù)目較多。部分段落摘要，摘要信息來自原文某幾個(gè)連續(xù)的段落，題目空格的數(shù)目較少。
題型三 完成句子
每個(gè)題目都是一個(gè)陳述句，但留有一個(gè)或兩個(gè)空格，要求根據(jù)原文填空。目前考試中，絕大部分都是一個(gè)空格，而且在句子的結(jié)尾。例如：
THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY HAS BEGUN TO DEMAND…………
題型四 完成筆記、總結(jié)、表格或流程圖
目中有一個(gè)圖表或一個(gè)表格，其中有一些信息，留出空格，要求根據(jù)文章填空。一般沒有選項(xiàng)可供選擇。
題型五 對(duì)圖表進(jìn)行標(biāo)記
與題型四類似，只不過是填入對(duì)應(yīng)事物的標(biāo)簽，
題型六 為段落或文章的部分選擇相對(duì)應(yīng)的小標(biāo)題
文章由若干段話組成，要求給每段話找個(gè)小標(biāo)題。小標(biāo)題即指該段話的段落大意，中心思想，主旨。
題型七 尋找信息
其實(shí)是一種多選多的選擇題。正確答案的數(shù)目是已知的。在題目的要求中會(huì)告訴你要選出幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)。題目要求中常WHICH FOUR， WHICH THREE 等字樣。
題型八 尋找作者觀點(diǎn)、論點(diǎn)或文章中的具體信息
即為我們常說的True /False/Not given(是非題)。
題目是若干個(gè)陳述句，要求根據(jù)原文所給的信息，判斷每個(gè)陳述句是對(duì)(True)、錯(cuò)(False)、還是未提及(Not Given)。
題型九 分類
在分類題中，一般有三個(gè)類別(我們可以稱之為甲、乙、丙)以及一些項(xiàng)目，要求是將這些項(xiàng)目分別歸入這三個(gè)類別之中。在文章中，一般會(huì)講述兩種不同的事物，我們姑且稱它們?yōu)锳和B. 類別甲中歸入與A類事物有關(guān)的項(xiàng)目，類別乙中歸入與B類事物有關(guān)的項(xiàng)目，而類別丙中歸入與A和B都有關(guān)的項(xiàng)目。
題型十 配對(duì)
Matching(搭配題)是IELTS最?？嫉念}型之一，每次考試至少有一組，很多時(shí)候達(dá)到兩組甚至更多，應(yīng)該引起同學(xué)們的重視?！〈钆漕}通常有三部分組成：題目要求、選相的集合、題目的集合。要求你根據(jù)某種關(guān)系將題目與選項(xiàng)配對(duì)。這種關(guān)系在題目要求中說明。搭配題通常不具有順序性，也就是說，題目的順序和原文的順序是不一致的。
三、A類雅思閱讀官方備考小貼士
? 應(yīng)仔細(xì)閱讀題目的指示和說明，這些信息會(huì)告訴你在哪里尋找答案、需要如何回答問題、以及答案字?jǐn)?shù)的限定。題目里的指示還會(huì)說明答案是否可以多次使用，并提醒你把答案轉(zhuǎn)抄到答卷上。
? 注意大多數(shù)的題型下，題目出現(xiàn)的順序和信息在文章中出現(xiàn)的順序都是一致的。
? 進(jìn)行跳讀、掃讀練習(xí)，以便能在文章片段中快速尋找與題目相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞。將關(guān)鍵詞和詞組用下劃線標(biāo)記出來，并注意題目中的關(guān)鍵詞與文中關(guān)鍵詞的聯(lián)系。在大多數(shù)情況下(如填空題)，你所填寫的答案需符合正確的語(yǔ)法要求。正確的單詞拼寫和詞組搭配是非常重要的，出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤是要被扣分的。
? 在大多數(shù)情況下，你可以在文章里找到需要填寫的單詞，并應(yīng)將這個(gè)詞仔細(xì)正確地抄在答卷上。運(yùn)用筆記、表格、圖表或流程圖中的內(nèi)容以及范例來預(yù)測(cè)答案所涉及的信息的類型。
? 在輔導(dǎo)課上，與同學(xué)和老師討論每種題型下答案可能出現(xiàn)的形式。
? 熟悉同義詞以及帶有概括作用的詞匯，這可以幫助你找到相關(guān)信息。
? 練習(xí)如何用不同的方式表達(dá)相同的意思和信息。
? 思考某些信息之間有什么共性、又有什么不同之處。
? 題海戰(zhàn)術(shù)并不能讓考生按照希望的那樣快速提高成績(jī)，這對(duì)備考和英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)是不利的。備考的過程中應(yīng)該廣泛閱讀不同的材料，如報(bào)紙、期刊、雜志和書籍，并利用這些資源為備考服務(wù)。
? 注意熟悉不同的文體，并且練習(xí)如何更好地理解這些文體。在練習(xí)中熟悉所有雅思考試閱讀(學(xué)術(shù)類)的題型。
? 要注意閱讀的方法不止一種。考試的主要任務(wù)是找到題目的答案，因此考試中運(yùn)用的閱讀技巧與你需要記憶內(nèi)容時(shí)所用的閱讀技巧是不同的?？荚囘^程中不應(yīng)過于擔(dān)心出現(xiàn)的生詞，同時(shí)應(yīng)該在平時(shí)多加練習(xí)如何根據(jù)上下文的語(yǔ)義來猜測(cè)生詞的意思，盡量不要用字典查每一個(gè)生詞，而打斷了閱讀的連貫性。
? 在任何時(shí)候都要認(rèn)真閱讀題目的指示。如果不明確題目的要求，你是很容易出現(xiàn)混淆而導(dǎo)致出錯(cuò)的。
? 在閱讀的時(shí)候應(yīng)該注意時(shí)間限制，避免在某一道題目上花費(fèi)過多的時(shí)間。
? 注意不要過于依賴于從文中尋找某個(gè)詞來作答。你應(yīng)該練習(xí)如何改述、在文中找到改述的內(nèi)容。
雅思考試閱讀理解練習(xí)試題及答案
★Study Finds Web Antifraud Measure Ineffective
Published: February 5, 2007 New York Times
1. Internet security experts have long known that simple passwords do not fully defend online bank accounts from determined fraud artists. Now a study suggests that a popular secondary security measure provides little additional protection.
2.The study, produced jointly by researchers at Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, looked at a technology called site-authentication images. In the system, currently used by financial institutions like Bank of America, ING Direct and Vanguard, online banking customers are asked to select an image, like a dog or chess piece, that they will see every time they log in to their account.
3.The idea is that if customers do not see their image, they could be at a fraudulent Web site, dummied up to look like their bank's, and should not enter their passwords.
4.The Harvard and M.I.T. researchers tested that hypothesis. In October, they brought 67 Bank of America customers in the Boston area into a controlled environment and asked them to conduct routine online banking activities, like looking up account balances. But the researchers had secretly withdrawn the images.
5.Of 60 participants who got that far into the study and whose results could be verified, 58 entered passwords anyway. Only two chose not to log on, citing security concerns.
6. "The premise is that site-authentication images increase security because customers will not enter their passwords if they do not see the correct image," said Stuart Schechter, a computer scientist at the M.I.T. Lincoln Laboratory. "From the study we learned that the premise is right less than 10 percent of the time."
7.He added: "If a bank were to ask me if they should deploy it, I would say no, wait for something better," he said.
8.The system has some high-power supporters in the financial services world, many trying to comply with new online banking regulations. In 2005, the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council, an interagency body of federal banking regulators, determined that passwords alone did not effectively thwart intruders like identity thieves.
9.It issued new guidelines, asking financial Web sites to find better ways for banks and customers to identify each other online. January 2007 was set as the compliance date, though the council has yet to begin enforcing the mandate.
10.Banks immediately knew what they did not want to do: ask customers to download new security software, or carry around hardware devices that feed them PIN codes they can use to authenticate their identities. Both solutions would add an extra layer of security but, the banks believed, detract from the convenience of online banking.
11.The image system, introduced in 2004 by a Silicon Valley firm called PassMark Security, offered banks a pain-free addition to their security arsenals. Bank of America was among the first to adopt it, in June 2005, under the brand name SiteKey, asking its 21 million Web site users to select an image from thousands of possible choices and to choose a unique phrase they would see every time they logged in.
12.SiteKey "gives our customers a fairly easy way of authenticating the Bank of America Web site," said Sanjay Gupta, an e-commerce executive at the bank. "It was very well received."
13.The Harvard and M.I.T. researchers, however, found that most online banking customers did not notice when the SiteKey images were absent. When respondents logged in during the study, they saw a site maintenance message on the screen where their image and phrases should have been pictured. The error message also had a conspicuous spelling mistake, further suggesting something fishy.
14.Mr. Gupta of Bank of America said he was not troubled by the results of the survey, and stressed that SiteKey had made the bank's Web site more secure. He also said that the system was only a single part of a larger security blanket. "It's not like we're betting the bank on SiteKey," he said.
15.Most financial institutions, like Bank of America, have other ways to tell if a customer is legitimate. The banks often drop a small software program, called a cookie, onto a user's PC to associate the computer with the customer. If the customer logs in from another machine, he may be asked personal questions, like his mother's maiden name.
16.Rachna Dhamija, the Harvard researcher who conducted the study, points out that swindlers can use their dummy Web sites to ask customers those personal questions. She said that the study demonstrated that site-authentication images are fundamentally flawed and, worse, might actually detract from security by giving users a false sense of confidence.
17.RSA Security, the company that bought PassMark last year, "has a lot of great data on how SiteKey instills trust and confidence and good feelings in their customers," Ms. Dhamija said. "Ultimately that might be why they adopted it. Sometimes the appearance of security is more important than security itself."
Questions 1-5
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? Please write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the writer
FALSE if the statement does not agree with the writer
NOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage
1.According to internet security experts, secondary security measures provide little additional protection against fraud.
2.In the Harvard and MIT study, two subjects didn't log on without seeing the correct pictures.
3.According to Schechter, more than 90% of online banking customers studied logged on without seeing the right pictures.
4.The image system is the only security measure that the banks mentioned in the passage have currently.
5.Bank of America is the first bank that adopted the image system.
Questions 6-13
Answer the following questions or complete the following sentences by choosing NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
6.What is ING Direct and Vanguard?
7.What might online banking customers be cheated to give at a fraudulent Web site?
8.What may stop online banking customers from using new verification methods?
9.The key to online banking security is to verify the ______ of customers.
10.Where is PassMark Security located?
11.What is the reason why SiteKey is popular among online banking customers?
12.What was used instead of images in the Harvard and M.I.T. study?
13.How many security methods are mentioned in this passage?
參考答案：
1. 第一段 "Now a study suggests that a popular secondary security measure provides little additional protection."似與問題文字很接近，但是原文中a popular secondary security measure是指特定的一個(gè)措施，而非泛指所有secondary security measure。原文沒有其它secondary security measure安全有效性的內(nèi)容。故應(yīng)選擇NG。
2. 見第4、5段內(nèi)容。第四段 "But the researchers had secretly withdrawn the images."即研究人員撤下了圖形，第五段"Only two chose not to log on, citing security concerns."，有兩個(gè)人因?yàn)榘踩紤]未進(jìn)入。
3. T 見第6段。
4. F 見第11、14段。
5. F 見第11段 "Bank of America was among the first to adopt it"，可見首批采用圖形識(shí)別軟件的銀行并非Bank of America一家。
6. A financial institution 見第二段。
7. (their) passwords 見第三段。
8. less convenience 見第十段。
9. identity 見第八、十段。
10. Silicon Valley 見第十一段。
11. easy to use 見第十二段。
12. site maintenance message 見第十三段 "When respondents logged in during the study, they saw a site maintenance message on the screen where their image and phrases should have been pictured."
13. 4 分別見第十段的 "download new security software"和"hardware devices that feed them PIN codes"，第十五段的"a small software program, called a cookie"，以及本文提到的site-authentication images。
占據(jù)雅思閱讀高地 把握2大關(guān)鍵因素
首先，通過詞匯量和句子分析能力來提高雅思閱讀基本功。詞匯量的積累不能靠死記硬背，最好的方法就是在日常的閱讀中或是做其他練習(xí)的時(shí)候，以句子形式去記下來，一方面方便理解，另一方面能了解如何應(yīng)用，同時(shí)還可以掌握句子結(jié)構(gòu)。此外，對(duì)于雅思閱讀高頻詞匯需要反復(fù)記憶，遇到不懂的詞匯也不要立即去查，學(xué)會(huì)利用前后去揣測(cè)單詞意思，再查解析的時(shí)候就能映像更深刻。背單詞也不要只背一個(gè)，可以用聯(lián)想法或是思維導(dǎo)圖的方式去記憶同根詞、同義詞、反義詞等等。
另一個(gè)因素，清楚了解雅思閱讀各題型。雅思閱讀部分共有3篇文章，每篇1000詞左右，有40道題目要回答，時(shí)間是一小時(shí)。只有對(duì)考試題型透徹理解，才能在短時(shí)間內(nèi)做出快速反應(yīng)，就像開頭時(shí)說的，如果考生還能從中提取做題技巧，更是事半功倍。同時(shí)，熟知不同題型也就了解了雅思閱讀考試各題型的考試目的，考生就可以在備考過程中有的放矢，取長(zhǎng)補(bǔ)短。
基于以上兩個(gè)因素，考生進(jìn)行不斷的積累和靈活運(yùn)用，就能在考試中應(yīng)答的游刃有余。想要雅思閱讀高分，掌握兩大因素，考生備考時(shí)多加努力，相信大家一定能成功。
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A類雅思閱讀10大題型分享
