用歐美人思維方式看雅思閱讀

陳鈴1147由分享時(shí)間：2020-09-02 01:09:17

雅思是門嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)有趣的考試，它對各位考生今后將要面對的海外學(xué)術(shù)生活有著巨大的銜接作用，仿佛一座橋,今天小編給大家?guī)砹擞脷W美人思維方式看雅思閱讀，希望可以幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

用歐美人思維方式看雅思閱讀

事實(shí)上，老師和學(xué)生也同時(shí)痛苦地意識(shí)到，備戰(zhàn)雅思，似乎只靠“努力”是收效甚微的。有些老師精心總結(jié)的解題方法、步驟，總不能夠在學(xué)生身上奏效;許多學(xué)員，備戰(zhàn)雅思絕不惜命，天天狠背單詞，狂做題目，然而做起題目來正確率總是忽高忽低，可惜病癥在哪里總是個(gè)迷。歸根結(jié)底，要想拿到好成績，掌握這些考試技巧，或者大刀闊斧地做些機(jī)械性的工作，還只是戰(zhàn)術(shù)層面(且只是戰(zhàn)術(shù)的一部分而已)的內(nèi)容，更重要的似乎是在戰(zhàn)略上需要建立的正確認(rèn)識(shí)。

而這個(gè)正確的認(rèn)識(shí)就是：雅思本就是基于“洋人”們的學(xué)習(xí)方式、西方院校的學(xué)術(shù)體系而來，它不只檢測語言，也同時(shí)檢測了我們的學(xué)術(shù)素養(yǎng)，你如果把這個(gè)考試看得過于狹隘，恐怕就很難突破瓶頸了。因此，本文將從雅思考試的閱讀部分切入，試述雅思考試的一個(gè)個(gè)的題型是如何設(shè)置成型，達(dá)到測試目的。而作為考生，又該怎樣從一開始走在正確的大路上，不疾不徐、穩(wěn)扎穩(wěn)打地拿下這個(gè)“性本善”的敵人。

外國人的學(xué)習(xí)方式跟雅思考試的整體對應(yīng)

1、學(xué)習(xí)強(qiáng)度大，時(shí)間緊迫。

雅思考試由英澳兩國共同開發(fā)和推廣，這一事實(shí)背后的影響，恐怕不總有人提及。然而數(shù)據(jù)顯示：截止到2013年，英國共有134所大學(xué)。根據(jù)2016年QS世界大學(xué)排名，共有9所英國大學(xué)進(jìn)入世界前50的院校，18所英國大學(xué)進(jìn)入世界前100(占總學(xué)校數(shù)量的13.4%)，30所英國大學(xué)進(jìn)入世界前200。類似的，澳大利亞全境共有42所大學(xué)，世界前100名的大學(xué)，有6所(占總學(xué)校數(shù)量的14.3%)。

這是什么意思?美國有約3600所大學(xué)，而在世界排名前100名的院校當(dāng)中，美國共占了32家(占總學(xué)校數(shù)量的0.8%)。絕對值上美國當(dāng)然要超出，可是從“精華率”上來看，英澳兩國簡直高到令人發(fā)指!　　另外一個(gè)需要引起注意的事情是，英澳的學(xué)制相比美國，尤其在研究生階段，基本還都偏短。顯然，時(shí)間偏短的情況下，又取得了這么驚艷的成就，英澳兩國高校的“效率”就只能是唯一合理的解釋了。這里并非說美國人的效率普遍低下，然而一個(gè)不爭的事實(shí)是，在英聯(lián)邦的大學(xué)里讀書，如果你的效率不夠高，你就真的會(huì)被累到，甚至迷失。

雅思閱讀文章的信息量之巨大、定位之不方便(尤其對比托福閱讀的直接給出相關(guān)段落這種事實(shí)來說)是顯而易見的。某種意義上講，即便是英國本土人士，語言本身無障礙，可要在一小時(shí)的時(shí)間里讀完3000多字的信息，還答完40道題目，也難言輕松。其實(shí)，讓大家看完這樣篇幅的中文，然后做題，也不是件容易的事。我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，效率本身就是成敗的關(guān)鍵之一。很多人沒有頭緒地背單詞、背單詞，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)自己解答題目的速度過慢，縱然句句都讀得懂，也難保能在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)答完足夠多的題目。

總結(jié)：效率!閱讀效率，學(xué)習(xí)效率!以后的你，在島國讀書的時(shí)候，要在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)讀完那么多參考文獻(xiàn)，怎么讀?你得有效率。

建議：如果看到本文的同學(xué)有相對充裕的時(shí)間，從現(xiàn)在開始，再次了解一下skimming & scanning，然后找有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的閱讀老師了解一下什么是意群，再想想怎么能夠提高自己的整體處理問題的效率。而考試迫在眉睫、準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間倉促的同學(xué)，則應(yīng)該好好考慮閱讀部分的做題順序，以及時(shí)間的統(tǒng)籌安排，從而棄卒保帥，好鋼使在刀刃上，在有限的時(shí)間里爭取最大限度的拿到分?jǐn)?shù)。

2、洋人要求你能從各類文獻(xiàn)中找到所需材料　　我們在備戰(zhàn)雅思的過程中又同樣發(fā)現(xiàn)，這個(gè)考試?yán)锼x的文章可謂天文地理，無所不藏。雅思閱讀文章從哪來?分為哪幾類?這些常識(shí)你要知道~

許多學(xué)員有個(gè)壞習(xí)慣亟需克服。他們往往在確定自己能把一句話翻譯成通順的中文之前，斷然不敢相信自己對一個(gè)句子的理解可能已經(jīng)足夠去回答問題了。須知在做學(xué)問這件事上，本是沒有門派的。廣告營銷的大師們，甚至可能從化學(xué)家的實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告當(dāng)中找到靈感，行為學(xué)家也完全可以從畫展當(dāng)中找出理論的源頭。一本跟自己專業(yè)不相干的書，不代表里面的內(nèi)容就是密碼。我們在西方高校寫論文的時(shí)候，什么書都可能要去讀、去借鑒——“拿來主義”，是不分姓氏的。所以，根本意義上，雅思文章中的很多信息，是不必看懂，也“最好別看懂”的。作為一個(gè)聰明的考生，在正式開始學(xué)習(xí)并運(yùn)用各種解題方法之前，不妨先好好檢驗(yàn)自己是否能分得清，文章中哪些信息是馬虎不得的，哪些內(nèi)容，又是完全該學(xué)會(huì)“屏蔽”的。一旦掌握這當(dāng)中的奧妙，考生應(yīng)該會(huì)從本質(zhì)上減輕詞匯量方面的壓力，同時(shí)大大提升每個(gè)人的信息提取效率。

另一方面，筆者曾經(jīng)做過實(shí)驗(yàn)，當(dāng)年有一本雅思真題集拿到手里，先不忙在原文當(dāng)中做題，而是先拿到對應(yīng)版本的中譯文章，然后根據(jù)中文做了一整套題，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)所花的時(shí)間大大超出做英文文章本身的時(shí)間。這個(gè)結(jié)果，讓我意識(shí)到：第一，只要你是中國人，你就很難控制自己不去看懂一句又一句的中文，可難受的是，這些文章所涉及的內(nèi)容，你是不能看懂的，所以，自己的“貪欲”桎梏住了自己的速度;其次，英文當(dāng)中有大小寫的區(qū)分，文字和數(shù)字之間的差別相對更明顯;而中文都是方塊字，所以題目中那些能夠在文章中“原型重現(xiàn)”的定位詞，在中文的世界里就變得百無一用了。因此我們就不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，雅思的文章，你不必句句看懂，同時(shí)應(yīng)該把文章當(dāng)成一本工具書，你應(yīng)該是為了搞明白每個(gè)問題的答案是什么，才去看文章中的相關(guān)信息的：跟答案無關(guān)的信息，跟你也是無關(guān)的。

3、洋人要求你對文體結(jié)構(gòu)有認(rèn)識(shí)

洋人們打小就開始接觸西方的文體結(jié)構(gòu)理論，從中學(xué)開始就要試著去寫essay，去做presentation，所以，每篇學(xué)術(shù)文章，什么文體，該符合怎樣的基本架構(gòu)，他們是清楚的。因此，雅思出題方也希望所有世界不同的膚色、共同的雅思考生，都能對一篇文章的最基本架構(gòu)有個(gè)常識(shí)性的了解。只可惜，頗為可觀的一批中國“烤鴨”，就此輸在了起跑線上。

作為雅思老師，我們目睹著一批又一批孩子為一兩個(gè)題目窮兇極惡地在文章里瞎找，因?yàn)樗麄儾恢廊绻宰魉伎?，就能預(yù)判一下這個(gè)題目的答案，是不會(huì)任意出現(xiàn)在文章的任何一個(gè)角落里的，它應(yīng)該有它合理的歸屬。也就是說，如果我們對文體結(jié)構(gòu)有了必要的了解，那么即便不熟悉這篇文章，我們也可以在了解了文章首末段之后，也就是了解了文章的主題以及體裁以后，對許多題目的答案所在位置有一個(gè)合理的判斷。這將會(huì)大大提高我們定位的精確度和速度。而這個(gè)，又的確是不少老師和學(xué)員都忽視的重要學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容。

雅思閱讀精讀要訣講解

每個(gè)單詞都有很多種意思，同學(xué)們只要記得單詞在文章中的意思即可。積累下來就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，下次一篇雅思文章中再出現(xiàn)這個(gè)詞匯，依然用這個(gè)釋義。

生詞背過一遍后，再讀一遍文章。文章中的每句話每個(gè)段落讀懂記住，記不住的可以在單詞后面標(biāo)記1，重點(diǎn)記憶;再讀的時(shí)候，記不住可以標(biāo)2，標(biāo)3;這樣反復(fù)記憶。有些單詞就是和我們的記憶犯怵，需要反復(fù)標(biāo)注重復(fù)記。

孟老師帶學(xué)生做精讀時(shí)，有的同學(xué)甚至有單詞標(biāo)12、13，幾個(gè)單詞翻來覆去記不住。這樣只有重復(fù)，不斷的重復(fù)看那句話，那些句子。直到自己再一次讀文章能想起來詞匯的意思，標(biāo)注的數(shù)字13就可以劃掉，下次再想起來，劃掉12,11，一次劃掉一個(gè)數(shù)字…

通過這樣第二次的閱讀，詞匯就積累下來。

還有另一種可能，句子中的詞匯全都認(rèn)識(shí)，但依然讀不懂整個(gè)句子。這樣的同學(xué)問題在語法上?？梢园丫渥映诒旧戏治鼍湫?，看語法點(diǎn)，找出自己的問題。抄幾個(gè)句子后不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，句子和句子之間都是相通的，結(jié)構(gòu)一樣，自己可能就卡在某一個(gè)語法點(diǎn)上不熟悉。把句型弄清楚了，句子就明白了。

第三種可能，文章中單詞都認(rèn)識(shí)，句型也明白，但還是整句意思讀不懂。這就可能是“熟詞僻意”。就是某個(gè)詞同學(xué)們以為自己認(rèn)識(shí)，其實(shí)不然。比如medical complaint 很多同學(xué)將兩個(gè)詞分開翻譯，聯(lián)系起來翻譯為醫(yī)療糾紛。但其實(shí)，這個(gè)詞是內(nèi)科疾病。比如，international relief 是國際救援。

站在雅思考官角度考慮，出題點(diǎn)容易在同學(xué)們讀不懂的地方出現(xiàn)。這些地方集中在長難句、熟詞僻義、語法點(diǎn)上。通過做精讀可以攻克，同學(xué)們可以通過練習(xí)提升自身的閱讀能力。

這樣做過文章后，再重新讀一遍文章鞏固知識(shí)，讀一遍復(fù)習(xí)所有內(nèi)容。一篇閱讀文章最少讀四遍。

通過這樣系統(tǒng)的學(xué)習(xí)，不但文章中的單詞句子學(xué)會(huì)了，還能學(xué)習(xí)文章的寫作結(jié)構(gòu)、文章內(nèi)容，這些內(nèi)容就可以適當(dāng)?shù)挠迷谘潘伎谡Z和雅思寫作中。很多時(shí)候口語不知道說什么，寫作沒有內(nèi)容就是因?yàn)槿狈υ掝}積累。閱讀的內(nèi)容其實(shí)和口語、寫作是相通的：教育類、環(huán)境類，這些內(nèi)容在雅思考試中可以互相使用。

雅思閱讀練習(xí)題：Water on Mars? Life on Mars?

Ask a college freshman what he or she is excited about, and the list might range from the lack of a curfew(宵禁;戒嚴(yán)) to the unlimited dining hall pizza. Likely not on the list? Learning how to make smart financial decisions. And that's too bad, say experts, as that's exactly what all students need to focus on.

Millennials(千禧一代), perhaps not surprisingly, are not very savvy(精明的;精通的)about money. In fact, a recent study, Money Matters on Campus, found that since 2012 students are less likely to follow a budget, pay credit card bills on time and infull, balance their checkbooks every month or buy only the things they need. The study, which surveyed 42,000 college freshmen across theU.S.,was conducted by education technology company EverFi and sponsored by Higher One, a financial services company serving college students.

College students know they could do better. When it comes to grading(評(píng)分) how they manage their money, half give themselves a lukewarm(不溫不火的) "C," according to a 2015 U.S. Bank survey of 1,640.

"Most of these kids come from homes whose parents don’t possess any kind of plan for the money except planning their next vacation or doing Christmas," says Jim Chilton,CEO of the non-profit Society for Financial Awareness.(非營利性的金融意識(shí)社團(tuán)總裁Jim Chilton說，“這些孩子的父母除了計(jì)劃下一次的旅行和過圣誕，花錢大都沒有什么計(jì)劃。”)

"When these young folks hit college, it’s a tidal wave of indecision ... as they punch in quickly Mommy and Daddy’s cell number to find out how they’re going to get by(應(yīng)付;應(yīng)對),"he says. "I call this begging by cluelessness(無知). It happens every start to a new semester."(“當(dāng)這些年輕人上了大學(xué)，那就是各種猶豫不決的高峰期……他們忙不迭地?fù)艽蚋改傅氖謾C(jī)，詢問怎樣過日子?！彼f。“我把這種現(xiàn)象稱為無腦的乞討，每學(xué)期開學(xué)都會(huì)發(fā)生?！?

Millennials know they're in for (一定會(huì)遇到)some pain. They face higher levels of a student loan debt — two-thirds of recent bachelor’s degree recipients(接受者) have outstanding student loans, with an average debt of about $27,000, compared with $15,000 two decades ago — and face lower levels of wealth and personal income than Baby Boomers and Gen X at the same stage in their lives, according to a 2014 Pew Research Centerreport.

So parents should talk to their children about finances — and the sooner the better. With fall semester upon them, students are spending (and, sometimes, saving) money on their own,often for the first time in their lives. The choices they make can affect their lives for years to come, so it's critical that they make informed(知情的)ones.

For starters, teach themhow to budget, explain the intricacies(微妙，復(fù)雜) of having and using a credit card, and encourage them to ask if their college offers a financial literacy course.(教新生怎樣做預(yù)算，告訴他們使用信用卡的復(fù)雜之處，或是鼓勵(lì)他們問一問學(xué)校有沒有金融掃盲課程。).

“Many Millennials aren't as financially savvy as they'd like to be — mainly because no one has ever taught them about personal finances," says Lynnette Khalfani-Cox, a money coach and author of multiple financial well-being books.

Chilton adds, "It's never too early to start."

Vocabulary

Millennials千禧一代

Curfew宵禁;戒嚴(yán)

Savvy精通的;精明的

Grade評(píng)分

Lukewarm微溫的;不夠熱情的

Getby 應(yīng)付;應(yīng)對;勉強(qiáng)度日

Bein for… 一定會(huì)遇到……

Informed知情的

Intricacy微妙之處

本文中雅思寫作高分句式

1. In fact, a recent study,Money Matters on Campus, found that since 2012 students are less likely to follow a budget…

句式1：a recent study found that…最近的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)……

句式2：…is/are (less/more)likely to do… 更不可能/更有可能做……

2. When it comes to grading(評(píng)分) how they manage their money, half give themselves a lukewarm(不溫不火的) "C,"…

句式：when it comes tosomething/doing something 當(dāng)談到……

3. With fall semester upont hem, students are spending (and, sometimes, saving) money on their own, often for the first time in their lives.

句式：with…隨著……

4. The choices they make can affect their lives for years to come, so it's critical that they make informed(知情的)ones.

句式：it is critical that… ……很關(guān)鍵/重要。

雅思閱讀練習(xí)題：How to recover fast from rejection

Everyone knows what rejection feels like. It’s a universal (and universally disliked) experience, but it’s one that we each experience differently. For the most part(就絕大多數(shù)而言=in most cases), people are pretty good at moving on with their lives — even better than they might guess. Sometimes, though, getting rejected hurts more than we expect, especially if our immediate response is to become self-critical.

So what makes one person more resilient(有彈性的，靈活的, =flexible) than another in the face of rejection?

This is a popular topic in psychology, and researchers have investigated many contributing factors, such as differing attachment styles, coping mechanisms, and levels of self-esteem. (這是一個(gè)心理學(xué)很常見的話題，研究人員已經(jīng)探討了許多相關(guān)的因素，比如不同的情感風(fēng)格、應(yīng)對機(jī)制和自信程度等。)But Lauren Howe, a doctoral student in social psychology at Stanford, wanted to understand why some people change how they see themselves after a rejection — and how this tendency differentiates(區(qū)分=distinguish) who recovers over time and who continues to suffer.

She learned that her professor, the psychologist Carol Dweck, had also been thinking about it, and the two began exploring the psychological mechanisms(機(jī)制) that make people more likely to link rejection to the self, effectively making it worse.

Dweck is best known for her work on implicit personality theory(內(nèi)隱人格理論), the idea that people have growth mindsets (i.e., they believe personality traits are malleable[可塑造的=flexible, changeable]) or fixed mindsets (personality traits don’t change) and that these beliefs shape how people approach and make sense of their social world. Her previous research has found that people with fixed mindsets (also called entity theorists) chronically(長期地=constantly, always) judge themselves and tend to see their outcomes as evidence of who they are and what they’re capable of. (她在之前的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)，固定思維模式的人不斷評(píng)價(jià)自己，而且傾向于將事情的結(jié)果看作他們身份和能力的證明。)So, for example, getting a bad grade on a test leads them to think they’re not smart. People with growth mindsets (incremental theorists) see outcomes not as evidence of who they are but as evidence of what they could improve in the future and what challenges they could overcome.

Howe and Dweck conducted a series of studies to see whether the same idea holds when people are rejected. Focusing on romantic rejection, which can be especially potent(有力的=strong; powerful) in threatening the self, they predicted that those with fixed mindsets would take rejection as proof that they are flawed or undesirable. They predicted these people would start to question who they are and carry this emotional baggage with them into the future, stalling(阻止;拖延=prevent; delay) their recovery. Growth mindset people, the researchers guessed, wouldn’t see the experience as reflective of their worth. The results were recently published in the journal Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin.

In the first study, they recruited 194 participants on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. The researchers assessed(評(píng)估;評(píng)價(jià)=judge; evaluate; appraise) people’s mindsets by noting how much they agreed with statements such as ”Everyone, no matter who they are, can significantly change their basic characteristics” and “The kind of person you are is something very basic about you, and it can’t be changed much.” The researchers used a continuous scale(連續(xù)的級(jí)階) in all the studies so they wouldn’t separate people into two groups based on their beliefs. Across all the studies, there were some who agreed more with incremental views and some who agreed more with entity views.

The researchers then asked people to recall a painful romantic rejection and respond to a series of statements about the experience and its impact(沖擊力;影響力=effect, influence). They controlled for how long ago the rejection happened and how severe it was, as well as participants’ current relationship status.

They found that rejection made participants with more of a fixed mindset more likely to worry that there is something wrong with them. Compared to people with more of a growth mindset, they experienced more negative emotions, such as shame, embarrassment, anger, and frustration.(與成長型思維模式的人相比，這些人有更多負(fù)面情緒，比如羞愧、尷尬、憤怒和絕望等。) They also agreed more strongly that talking about the past would harm new relationships — even though, on average, people were thinking about rejections that had happened five years ago.

The researchers conducted a second study to better measure whether rejection actually altered(改變=change, modify) how fixed mindset people see themselves. They measured how people felt when looking back (“I feel kind of bad about myself when I think about being rejected by this person”; “It sometimes upsets me to be reminded of this person”) and whether people feared it happening again (“Deep down, I sometimes worry that I might never find someone who really loves me”; “I put up walls to protect myself in new relationships”).

Just as with the first study, they found that people who endorsed(同意，批準(zhǔn)，支持=agree, approve, consent, support) more of a fixed mindset felt worse, both generally and about themselves specifically, after being rejected. Stronger beliefs about personality being fixed also predicted more fear about being rejected again and greater distress when reminiscing(回憶=remember, recall, look back). These people typically didn’t take positive lessons away from the experience; they simply wished it had never happened.

A third study included an open-ended essay question: “What did you take away from this rejection?” The researchers found that people with fixed mindsets used a more negative tone in their responses and were more pessimistic(悲觀的) about future relationships.

Each of the experiments raised the question of whether these effects appear only in memorable cases, so Howe and Dweck conducted another study to rule that out. They had participants respond to one of two hypotheticals(假設(shè)), a seemingly smaller rejection and a more significant one. One group was told to imagine how they would respond if they met someone at a party, felt a “spark,” and then later overheard the person saying that they weren’t interested. (Ouch.) The other group had to imagine a significant other of several years leaving them out of the blue after a fight. (Bigger ouch.)

The researchers found that while people generally responded more negatively to the larger rejection, people with fixed mindsets responded to both scenarios(場景=scene) more severely than people with growth mindsets.

“We were surprised when we saw those differences emerge in the smaller condition,” Howe told me. “One reason for it might be that if someone rejects you without even getting to know you first, you might wonder if there is some quality about you that is so obviously undesirable that a virtual stranger would say, ‘No, no thanks, not interested.’”

Because these findings were correlational(相關(guān)的), Howe and Dweck conducted a fifth study to try to establish causality(因果關(guān)系). They primed 121 subjects to adopt a certain mindset before thinking about a hypothetical rejection: One group read articles describing how personality traits seem set in stone after young adulthood (i.e., “3 Critical Factors That Shape Who You Are”); the second group read about how these traits can be developed anytime (“3 Key Ways to Shape Who You Are”).

You can probably guess the results. People induced(引導(dǎo)) to adopt fixed mindsets were more concerned that the fake rejection would change how they and others saw themselves. They reported feeling worse about themselves, and they thought rejection would happen again. This, the researchers say, suggests causal evidence that even being exposed to the idea that personality traits are fixed can make it harder for people to recover from rejection.

Two other things are worth noting from the study. First, perhaps surprisingly, no consistent gender effects appeared throughout the experiments. Second, life satisfaction was uncorrelated with implicit theories and self-esteem, suggesting that people with a more fixed mindset are not generally more discontent(不滿意的;不滿足的=unsatisfactory) than others.

Of course, romantic rejection is very different from other kinds of rejection, but could these findings still apply to rejections we experience in our careers and social circles? Howe said they did think the findings could generalize(普遍化) more broadly, perhaps in other types of social relationships (with friends and family, for example) and in contexts that aren’t interpersonal (academic or career failures), but they’d have to conduct actual studies in those domains to know for sure.

“Imagine you’re rejected for a job that you’re really interested in. You might start asking yourself, ‘What skills do I lack? What things don’t make me a good employee? I thought I was well suited for this position, but I guess I was wrong. What does this say about me?’” Howe said. “I think it could play out similarly, but we’d have to do work to confirm that.”

It also isn’t clear whether people always have the same mindset. Howe said that some research shows it can be domain-specific — so you might have a fixed theory of intelligence and a growth theory about personality. (豪認(rèn)為，一些研究表.模式可能是場景決定的--因此，就智力而言，你可能持固定理論，就個(gè)性而言，你可能持成長理論。) Researchers are still studying how we develop these mindsets.

But the important thing to remember is that it seems like people can change how they think about personality traits, as the fifth study attests to(證實(shí) =confirm, testify). “I think a lot of us have a gut instinct to question ourselves in the face of rejection,” Howe said, “but we’ll be better off pausing and taking a moment to think about what happened that wasn’t about us. What were the situational factors that might have led to this outcome? What was going on with the timing or with the other person?” (豪說：“我認(rèn)為面臨被拒絕時(shí)，許多人的第一直覺就是懷疑自己，然而，如果我們停下來稍微想一想發(fā)生的事情跟我們是誰無關(guān)會(huì)更好。導(dǎo)致這種解決的環(huán)境因素有哪些?是不是時(shí)機(jī)或者別人有問題?)

Vocabulary

for the most part 就絕大多數(shù)而言

resilient 有彈性的

differentiate 區(qū)分

mechanism 機(jī)制

implicit 隱含的

malleable 可以鍛造的;可以改變的

chronically 長期地

stall 避免;拖延

assess 評(píng)估;評(píng)價(jià)

impact 沖擊力;影響力

alter 改變