雅思閱讀常見概念題的解題方法

陳鈴1147由分享時(shí)間：2020-09-02 01:09:14

如何解雅思閱讀概念題?今天小編給大家?guī)砹搜潘奸喿x常見概念題的解題方法，希望可以幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

雅思閱讀常見概念題的解題方法

一、什么是概念題

雅思閱讀中的概念題是指理解性的題型，主要考察大家理解信息的能力。同學(xué)們只有理解文章大意，讀懂題目涉及到的原文，尤其是長難句，正確理解題目的核心信息，才能做好這類題。雅思閱讀中的概念題有段落大意題、文章主旨或者最佳標(biāo)題題、判斷題(Yes/no/notgiven)、分類題、句子完成題和摘要題。

二、常見概念題的解題方法

1、段落大意題：是雅思閱讀中常見的題型，主要就是將一些小標(biāo)題和文章段落大意成功匹配，主要考查大家對文章各段落的理解能力和詞匯同義替換能力。常見的出題形式為Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below。

遇到這類題，有的同學(xué)是先看小標(biāo)題，再去瀏覽文章，這樣子的做題效率不高。因?yàn)樾?biāo)題一般少的也有五六個(gè)，多的可能就十個(gè)左右，大家將所有小標(biāo)題的關(guān)鍵詞記住難度是蠻大的。而且有四分之一左右的小標(biāo)題都是干擾項(xiàng)，影響大家的做題速度。這類題的正確的做題方法就是瀏覽一個(gè)段落，掌握我段落大意，然后再從眾多選項(xiàng)中通過同義替換詞匯，成功配對一個(gè)小標(biāo)題。更為具體的段落大意題做題方法大可以點(diǎn)擊查看雅思閱讀標(biāo)題對應(yīng)題該如何做

2、摘要題：雅思閱讀中的摘要題是常見的填空題中的一種，主要考察大家的定位能力和對原文句子的理解能力。常見的出題形式有兩種：一種是不帶詞匯表格的摘要題——Complete the summary below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer;一種是帶詞匯表格的摘要題——Complete the summary below using words from the box. NB You may use any word more than once。

遇到這類題，大家先看題目要求，有的時(shí)候題目會(huì)給出答案尋找的范圍，比如說在最后一段、或者倒數(shù)第二段等等，幫助大家縮小定位范圍。然后再從題目中尋找一些關(guān)鍵詞，到原文中更精確的定位。如果是不帶詞匯表格的摘要題，填寫的時(shí)候要注意字?jǐn)?shù)的要求和語法屬性;如果是帶詞匯表格的摘要題，選擇的時(shí)候要注意單詞的語法屬性和原文的意思是否一樣。因?yàn)榻?jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)和原文中一模一樣但是卻不符合語法屬性的詞匯來迷惑大家，正確答案通常是符合語法屬性的同義替換詞匯。更多有關(guān)摘要題的做題方法大家可以參考雅思閱讀摘要題備考注意事項(xiàng)

3. 判斷題(Yes/no/notgiven)：判斷題有兩種，一種是對文章細(xì)節(jié)的判斷題(True/false/not given)，這類題考試頻率很高，屬于細(xì)節(jié)題;我們要講的是另一類判斷題(Yes/no/notgiven)，主要是對作者觀點(diǎn)、看法的一些判斷，這類題屬于概念題。常見的出題形式為Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 1?

YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer

NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer

NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

這類題的主要做題方法，就是根據(jù)具體題目中的關(guān)鍵詞，到原文中定位。然后仔細(xì)閱讀原文，理解作者所要表達(dá)的意思，再和選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比較，看看兩者表述是否一致。如果一直，就是yes，如果是原文相反，就是false，如果原文中沒有提到，就是true。更為具體的作者觀點(diǎn)的判斷題講解大家可以參考盤點(diǎn)雅思閱讀判斷題注意事項(xiàng)

雅思閱讀如何高效讀文章

1. 掌握文章結(jié)構(gòu)

如果我們掌握了雅思閱讀的三大類文章結(jié)構(gòu)——介紹說明類、問題解決類和實(shí)驗(yàn)研究類，那么在考試中遇到結(jié)構(gòu)相似的文章就可以判斷出自己需要的信息大概在文章的哪個(gè)位置，提高大家的做題速度。

介紹說明類的文章一般都是先引出主題，然后就按照事物發(fā)展順序來介紹，所用語言多是客觀性的描述，最后通常是總結(jié)一下這個(gè)現(xiàn)象或事件的意義。比如說，劍橋真題中的what do whales feel?、alternative medicine in australia、Johnson's dictionary等都是這類文章。

問題解決類的文章同樣是先引出主題，然后就對問題產(chǎn)生的原因和影響進(jìn)行分析，最后就是提出一些合適的應(yīng)對措施或者目前沒有合適的辦法，需要寄希望于未來。這類文章多是對于一些社會(huì)、環(huán)保自然等一些消極方面的現(xiàn)象的分析，比如說劍橋真題中的the truth about the environment、endless harvest、disappearing delta等。

實(shí)驗(yàn)研究類的文章更為固定，一般先介紹實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?、?shí)驗(yàn)對象和實(shí)驗(yàn)條件，然后就是實(shí)驗(yàn)過程和實(shí)驗(yàn)的關(guān)鍵部分，最后就是分析數(shù)據(jù)，得出結(jié)論。劍橋真題中的類似的文章有visual symbols and the blind、nature or nurture、the effects of light on plant and animal species等。更為具體的對三類文章結(jié)構(gòu)的講解大家可以參考雅思閱讀文章的三個(gè)精品結(jié)構(gòu)

2. 熟悉文章背景知識(shí)

大家生活中肯定都有這樣的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，看自己熟悉領(lǐng)域的文章會(huì)比較快，比較容易理解;遇到不熟悉的文章，就會(huì)降低閱讀速度，以求能理解文章。雅思閱讀備考也是一樣。如果我們能夠熟悉積累眾多不同題材文章的背景知識(shí)，那自己面對不同類型的文章都能閱讀的很快。比如說，你經(jīng)常看太空方面的科技知識(shí)，那在考試中遇到同樣題材的文章，由于對背景知識(shí)的熟悉、對專業(yè)術(shù)語的熟悉，那閱讀的速度就可以既快又準(zhǔn)確。

我們通常都是通過雅思閱讀的題源來學(xué)習(xí)積累相關(guān)的背景知識(shí)。常見的題源有：New Scientist、The Economist、American Scientist、Scientific American和National Geographic。更為具體的雅思閱讀題源的備考方法大家可以參考雅思閱讀文章有哪些來源

3. 標(biāo)記重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容

雅思閱讀瀏覽文章的過程中，還有一個(gè)非常重要的技巧需要給大家分享，那就是——學(xué)會(huì)做筆記。我們知道，雅思閱讀文章會(huì)有一些常見的考點(diǎn)，比如說段落大意、人名配對、對長難句的理解、文章主題、一些事件流程等。如果我們在略讀文章的時(shí)候，就將這些重點(diǎn)信息標(biāo)記出來，那做題的時(shí)候不僅方便定位，甚至可以直接做題。比如說，你劃出了各段的主題句，那就可以直接和小標(biāo)題進(jìn)行匹配，是不是感覺做題速度大大提高了呢?具體的做筆記的方法大家可以參考雅思閱讀做題記筆記的重要性

雅思閱讀練習(xí)題：Are cats selfish?

Are Cats Selfish?

It's six in the morning and your cat puts a paw on your eyelid. "It's time to wake up," she seems to be saying. She couldn't give a monkey's how tired you are(她可不在乎你有多困). She wants feeding.

There's a widespread perception that everything cats do is just a little self-serving, a touch self-centred. In a word, selfish. But not content with(不滿足于)idle stereotypes(刻板印象), we put this little question – are cats selfish? – to the BBC Earth audience.

Some of you didn't like the question at all. "Selfish is a human trait(特征)," argued Ann Halim. "'Selfish' is hard to apply to any animal other than humans," agreed Kevin Bonin.

It certainly is hard, but that has never stopped us trying.

In his 1871 book The Descent of Man, Charles Darwin argued that animal minds are similar to ours in many ways. "The difference in mind between man and the higher animals…is certainly one of degree and not kind," he wrote.(他寫道，“沒有疑問，人類和比較高級的動(dòng)物在思維方面的差異只是一個(gè)度的問題，而不是類別問題”)。

If that's true, then surely a cat – or any other higher animal – might meet the Oxford Dictionary's definition of selfish: being "concerned chiefly with one's own personal profit or pleasure."

Many of you identified with(同意)the idea that cats are out for themselves.

"Are cats selfish??? That's like asking has the pope got a balcony?!" says Jane Ramsden. "Let's just say, there is an I in kitty," says Dan Okeneski. "Cats are entirely self-serving," says Frankathon Dirabis. "It's a good thing they are cute and furry."

Gina Darlin Strange's cat has clear views about where she sleeps. "If the Sun is shining across my bed in the morning and my daughter's in the afternoon, she demands total access to it and will get an attitude if you move her," she says.(她說：“如果太陽早上照在我的床上，下午照在我女兒的床上，她會(huì)要求全部占有，你要是趕她走，她就會(huì)變臉?！?

Annette Jeneane Behnke-Park's cat is constantly seeking attention. "She tries to get us to play tag, wants what we have for food, wants my spot on the chair, loves to lay across me at night," she says.

Some correspondents also report their cats showing signs of selfishness towards other cats.

"Hector will steal treats from Harvey without fail if given the chance," says Marlee Lütz. Vijaya Shadrak's tomcat began to urinate(小便)wherever two other cats in her home liked to rest. "Now he is scaring them," she says. Bad kitty.

However, most of the people who responded say that selfishness is not a trait they recognise in their cats.

Instead, a lot of cat-lovers describe what appear to be altruistic(利他的) acts on the part of their pets. Altruism is defined as "selfless concern for the well-being of others."

How else are we to interpret the domestic cat's habit of gift-giving? This is how Chris R. Ainsworth sees his cat's tendency to leave a "decapitated mouse/bunny/bird/chipmunk/squirrel" on his doorstep.

This generosity(慷慨)of spirit does not always involve dead animals. Sarah Pratt's cats fetch her live animals, as well as ice cubes and hair ties. "They're nice that way," she says. Similarly, Mary Jozwiak's cats drop their toys outside her bedroom.

A lot of cats also seem to be in tune with the emotional state of their owners.

Jacqueline Tong recounts how her cat kept her company throughout 19 long hours of labour, "licking my face between every contraction".

David Penn once knew a kitten that comforted him during a bad tooth infection by curling up on his cheek and purring him to sleep.

Jessica Natasha A's cat Gina would always be there to comfort someone if they were sad.

Stories like these suggest that cats are not always as cold and calculating(工于算計(jì)的)as they are commonly portrayed.

To make sense of the complex suite of behaviours displayed by domestic cats, we have to think about their origins, says Eva Leighton. "Domestic cats still have strong basic instincts and one of them is wariness(謹(jǐn)慎)and self-preservation(自我保護(hù))."

We know that cats are descended from the wildcat (Felis silvestris). Wildcats are intensely solitary(孤獨(dú)的)creatures, so it makes sense that domestic cats are also happy in their own company.

We might expect that the process of domestication(馴養(yǎng))would root out that spirited independence. But cats were not domesticated in the same way as other animals, with humans carefully choosing which ones to breed from and which traits to encourage. (我們也許認(rèn)為，馴養(yǎng)的過程會(huì)讓貓失去那種強(qiáng)烈的獨(dú)立感。然而，貓的馴養(yǎng)卻不似其他動(dòng)物。在馴養(yǎng)其他動(dòng)物時(shí)，人類會(huì)仔細(xì)挑選喂養(yǎng)哪些動(dòng)物，或鼓勵(lì)保留哪些特性。)

Instead, cats were probably responsible for their own domestication.

"It's better to think of cats the way you think of mice and rats and sparrows and pigeons," says Carlos Driscoll, a geneticist at the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism in Rockville, Maryland, USA.

A 2007 genetic analysis by Driscoll and his colleagues reveals that all domesticated cats are descended from wildcats that lived in and around the Fertile Crescent, precisely the spot where humans began to settle more than 10,000 years ago.

"These settlements were completely new ecological environments and animals that were plucky(勇敢的)enough to investigate…did very well," says Driscoll. Wildcats were likely one of these species, drawn into an urban niche(位置) by an abundance of easy prey and an absence of big predators.(野貓可能就是這類物種之一，吸引它們進(jìn)入城市空間的原因是這里有大量的容易捕獲的獵物，同時(shí)還沒有大捕食動(dòng)物存在。)

"All these animals had to do was become behaviourally adept at living with people," says Driscoll. But importantly, "there was no selection against them hunting, or against them finding their own mates, or against them finding places to build their own nests in a rubbish heap." (然而，重要的是，“它們不需要因?yàn)楂C食，求偶，或者在垃圾堆里找地方筑巢而受自然選擇法則支配”)

This may account for the range of behaviours displayed by the BBC Earth cats. "Some will be more like their wildcat ancestors(祖先)and show [a] much more solitary, independent existence," says Driscoll. "Others, on the other side of the spectrum(譜系), are doting on(寵愛)their human companions."

Given all this variation(變化), it really is hard to give a clear answer to the question of whether cats are selfish. Instead, we'll conclude with the wise words of Gata Bela: "Cats are simply adorable!"

Vocabulary

be not content with… 不滿足于……

stereotype 固定印象;刻板印象

trait 特征

identify with 認(rèn)可，同意

urinate 小便

altruistic 利他的

generosity 慷慨

calculating 工于算計(jì)的

wary 小心翼翼的

self-preservation 自我保護(hù)

solitary 孤獨(dú)的