雅思閱讀歸納填空題解題技巧

陳鈴1147由分享時間：2020-09-02 01:09:09

歸納填空題是雅思考試閱讀理解部分的一線題型，幾乎每場考試必有。今天小編給大家?guī)砹搜潘奸喿x歸納填空題解題技巧，希望可以幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

雅思閱讀歸納填空題解題技巧

一. 短文全文大意的幫助

首先把短文的全文迅速通讀一遍，掌握大意。不要在沒有掌握全文大意的情況下立即做題，看一句填一句。雖然短文的詞數(shù)不多，但作為一篇文章，總有一定的主體思想，句與句之間意思上是相連的，整篇短文就是一個有機的整體。通讀全文，有利于掌握文章的邏輯思維，順著思路選詞來填，就比較容易做對了。許多考生往往不先通讀短文全文，上來就匆忙去找詞填空?？此瓶欤瑢嶋H上選詞時看來看去，思前想后，猶豫不決，不知選哪個才對，反而大大減慢了速度。

二. 利用信號詞來定位和定詞

歸納填空題的形式為一篇短文，文中有若干個空，要求考生在其中填詞?？崭袂昂笸鶗行盘栐~，我們可以借助之在原文中定位，再在所定位部位的附近范圍內(nèi)找出該采用的原文原詞(對于1)或斷定該填的單詞表中的同義詞(對于2)。不少情況下，在空格前和后的信號詞，相對應(yīng)地也是出現(xiàn)在原文中正確的詞的前和后的，前后信號詞的“夾擊”下，更方便我們選對詞了。所以信號詞技巧也仍然是這種題的重要技巧。

三. 空格前后的上下文的幫助

空格肯定是處于句子中的，亦即所謂空格無非是一個句子抽掉了其中的某個詞(語)所形成的。因此，在整篇短文大意的大背景下，再考慮空格前后的上下文意思，然后將在1或2中備選的數(shù)個詞(語)進行比對，就不難確定該填入哪個了?？崭袂昂笊舷挛牡囊饬x與全篇短文主體思想的結(jié)合分析，在決定選詞上尤為重要，注意運用這點，能使我們做題快許多。

四. 語法知識的幫助

一些基本的語法知識對于我們確定詞性范圍甚或選定具體的詞都有直截了當(dāng)?shù)臎Q定作用，又簡單又快?？崭袂昂蟮脑~往往都提示了空格中的詞是何種詞性，是否比較級，謂語或非謂語，單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，及物動詞或不及物動詞，等等。例如，空格之前是a的話，表明空格該填的是個可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，而且該名詞的發(fā)音是以輔音音標(biāo)開頭的(否則，空格前的a就該是an了)。

上面的幾種方法技巧若能夠熟練掌握，并能在做題時靈活機動地運用，一般都可以收到滿意的效果。尤其是對于2，往往就用一、三、四的方法，而不用去看原文，都能填對相當(dāng)數(shù)量的空格，甚至全部空格。因為2是題目提供了一個單詞表讓你從中選，表中的單詞范圍畢竟比原文的小多了，加上一、三兩法篇章和句子意義邏輯上的篩選，以及方法四語法邏輯上的篩選，三重過濾之下，很容易就能斷定某些空格該有的詞。試看下面的例子：

Summary

Homeopathy differs from conventional medicine in a number of ways. Conventional medicine views symptoms as an indication of something wrong in the body, whereas homeopathy sees them as signs that the body is attempting to (1) ______________. The uses of medication differ also. Many types of conventional medication (2) ______________ but if the medicine is taken away, the illness returns. The intention of homeopathy is to bring about a complete cure. Homeopathic remedies are (3) ___________ than conventional medicine and have fewer (4) ________________.

List of Words/Phrases

cheapercureheal itself

illnesstreatmentsgetting better

control symptomsmore expensiveside effects

higherhealthypatients

(1)的空格從語法上判斷必是動詞原形，表中只有三個，cure、heal itself、control symptoms，而cure可以排除，因其如作及物動詞，后面缺賓語;如作不及物動詞，意思不通。control symptoms放在這里同樣意思不對，因為之前的那個them就是指symptoms，這樣句子的邏輯意義不對，因此只有heal itself才對。(2)的空格前是一名詞性短語，很明顯是作主語的，那么空格(2)就是謂語了，剛才三個動詞已去掉兩個，只剩下control symptoms，結(jié)合后面的but連接的句子來看，意思也對，所以空格(2)就填control symptoms了?？崭?3)該是形容詞比較級，從上下文來看，只有cheaper合適。最后(4)空格前面是fewer，說明這里肯定是個復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表中只有side effects是正確的。

可見，遇到類似的情況，熟練利用上述技巧，就能快速選對答案，而不用去原文找，節(jié)省了不少時間。當(dāng)然，如果光靠一、三、四法不能解決的，那再動用二法，起碼能夠快速確定地先解決了，這樣也能夠贏得更多時間。

雅思閱讀原來是這么考的，不看不知道

如果要問雅思閱讀中難度最大的題型是哪種題型，相信99%的烤鴨都會說是選擇題。的確，選擇題是最考查學(xué)生能力的題型，因為考生必須要讀懂句子，正確理解識并識別同義替換，才能選出正確的選項。所以，這個題目就成了讓無數(shù)烤鴨在考場上盡折腰的題目，也是想考閱讀8+高分的烤鴨們必須要突破的題目。

如果選擇題是這樣的:

出題模式一：

句子1：It seems that the viewer can sense the artists’ vision in paintings, even if they can’t explain why.

題目：下面哪個選項與上句意思一致?

A. mostly favour works of art which they know well.

B.hold fixed ideas about what makes a good work of art.

C.are often misled by their initial expectations of a work of art.

D.have the ability to perceive the intention behind works of art.

那么應(yīng)該90%的同學(xué)可以做對，正確答案是D。如果做不對的同學(xué)，請你踏踏實實去背背核心2000詞或是學(xué)術(shù)核心詞匯566吧。

但是，選擇題的實際出題模式是這樣的：

出題模式二：

這篇文章的標(biāo)題是：Neuroaesthetics

題目：Angelina Hawley-Dolan’s findings indicate that people

A mostly favour works of art which they know well.

Bhold fixed ideas about what makes a good work of art.

Care often misled by their initial expectations of a work of art.

Dhave the ability to perceive the intention behind works of art.

原文出題點：Angelina Hawley-Dolan, of Boston College, Massachusettes, responded to this debate by asking volunteers to view pairs of paintings - either the creations of famous abstract artists or the doodles of infants, chimps and elephant. They then had to judge which they preferred. A third of the paintings were given no captions, while many were labelled incorrectly-volunteers might think they were viewing a chimp’s messy brushstrokes when they were actually seeing an acclaimed masterpiece. In each set of trials, volunteers generally preferred the work of renowned artists, even when they believed it was by an animal or a child. It seems that the viewer can sense the artist’s vision in paintings, even if they can’t explain why.

出題模式一，其實就是雅思選擇題的本質(zhì)所在。出題模式二是正常的雅思考試的出題模式，配上抽象的主題和很多看似簡單又讀不懂的無關(guān)信息，以此來加大考試的難度，這就是雅思考官出題的套路。

出題模式一和二一對比，大家就明白了，其實選擇題，真正的難點在于：同學(xué)們往往不能準(zhǔn)確定位出考官的出題點到底是哪一句子?？绝唫円话憧梢源蟾哦ㄎ坏筋}目出題“面”--- 段落，但是，卻不能準(zhǔn)確定位“點”--出題的句子。所以，很多同學(xué)常常有需要讀一整段或是兩個段落來解一個選擇題的錯覺。

簡言之，雅思閱讀選擇題的解題關(guān)鍵是：一定要能夠準(zhǔn)確點位出題點!這樣，就可以有效排除很多干擾信息了。而在僅有的一個句子中，去讀懂，再去識別選項的同義替換，這樣選擇題的難度就大大減小了。

那么，問題來了?如何鎖定出題點呢?如何做到從“面”到“點”的準(zhǔn)確定位呢?

定位選擇題的出題點，可以根據(jù)題目的提問方式，來進行分類，每類題目的出題點和出題規(guī)律一般都是比較固定。雅思選擇題的提問方式和出題點位置，一般可以分為以下幾大類：

出題規(guī)律1：實驗看結(jié)果

考查實驗相關(guān)的題目，一般重點都是考實驗的結(jié)果，重點直接去文中快速鎖定實驗的結(jié)果，一般表結(jié)果的關(guān)鍵詞是：findings, ...found that..., It seems that..., it would seem that....

正常來說：當(dāng)講到某個實驗的時候，文中的行文順序：WHY該實驗的背景/目的--HOW該實驗如何進行--WHAT實驗對象在實驗做了什么或是如何表現(xiàn)的---Results/Findings。所以，當(dāng)提到某個實驗時，一般會有2-3句來講實驗的why, how和what，結(jié)果往往放在最后。解題時，直接快速跳到實驗后邊去看實驗的結(jié)果。

如上題所示：題目問Angelina Hawley-Dolan’s findings indicate...(他的實驗結(jié)果表明....), 文中，段落前幾句描述的都是跟實驗相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，到最后一句It seems that..., 才是結(jié)果。考生們在做題前，如果能夠非常清晰的了解這個特點的話，就可以高效準(zhǔn)確的解題了。

出題規(guī)律2：例子看觀點

題目考查具體例子的，一般都是問例子說明或支持的觀點，重點看原文例子的前后句。舉例都是為了說明觀點的。如果段落開頭就是例子的，則需要看例子所在段落的前段的主要觀點，觀點的位置一般在上段的最后部分，提出一個觀點，然后下段用例子證明。一般例子講完后，在例子后邊會再次總結(jié)一下觀點。簡言之，出現(xiàn)例子的重點看例子前后的句子。

出題規(guī)律3：主旨細(xì)節(jié)要分清

如果題目提問中出現(xiàn)段落的，如果是問段落大意，就看段落主題句，快速把握段落主旨。出現(xiàn)段落，但不問主旨的，一定要先定好段落中具體細(xì)節(jié)，再解題。如: According to the eighth paragraph, how was the geography of the region significant? 題目中提到第8段，但是不能看一整個段落解題，還要定位到關(guān)鍵詞geography 所在的句子，理解后再做題。

雅思閱讀模擬題：Hormones in the Body

Hormones in the Body

Up to the beginning of the twentieth century, the nervous system was thought to control all communication within the body and the resulting integration of behavior. Scientists had determined that nerves ran, essentially, on electrical impulses. These impulses were thought to be the engine for thought, emotion, movement, and internal processes such as digestion. However, experiments by William Bayliss and Ernest Starling on the chemical secretin, which is produced in the small intestine when food enters the stomach, eventually challenged that view. From the small intestine, secretin travels through the bloodstream to the pancreas. There, it stimulates the release of digestive chemicals. In this fashion, the intestinal cells that produce secretin ultimately regulate the production of different chemicals in a different organ, the pancreas.

Such a coordination of processes had been thought to require control by the nervous system; Bayliss and Starling showed that it could occur through chemicals alone. This discovery spurred Starling to coin the term hormone to refer to secretin, taking it from the Greek word hormon, meaning “to excite” or “to set in motion.” A hormone is a chemical produced by one tissue to make things happen elsewhere.

As more hormones were discovered, they were categorized, primarily according to the process by which they operated on the body. Some glands (which make up the endocrine system) secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Such glands include the thyroid and the pituitary. The exocrine system consists of organs and glands that produce substances that are used outside the bloodstream, primarily for digestion. The pancreas is one such organ, although it secretes some chemicals into the blood and thus is also part of the endocrine system.

Much has been learned about hormones since their discovery. Some play such key roles in regulating bodily processes or behavior that their absence would cause immediate death. The most abundant hormones have effects that are less obviously urgent but can be more far-reaching and difficult to track: They modify moods and affect human behavior, even some behavior we normally think of as voluntary. Hormonal systems are very intricate. Even minute amounts of the right chemicals can suppress appetite, calm aggression, and change the attitude of a parent toward a child. Certain hormones accelerate the development of the body, regulating growth and form; others may even define an individual’s personality characteristics. The quantities and proportions of hormones produced change with age, so scientists have given a great deal of study to shifts in the endocrine system over time in the hopes of alleviating ailments associated with aging.

In fact, some hormone therapies are already very common. A combination of estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades to women who want to reduce mood swings, sudden changes in body temperature, and other discomforts caused by lower natural levels of those hormones as they enter middle age. Known as hormone replacement therapy (HRT), the treatment was also believed to prevent weakening of the bones. At least one study has linked HRT with a heightened risk of heart disease and certain types of cancer. HRT may also increase the likelihood that blood clots—dangerous because they could travel through the bloodstream and block major blood vessels—will form. Some proponents of HRT have tempered their enthusiasm in the face of this new evidence, recommending it only to patients whose symptoms interfere with their abilities to live normal lives.

Human growth hormone may also be given to patients who are secreting abnormally low amounts on their own. Because of the complicated effects growth hormone has on the body, such treatments are generally restricted to children who would be pathologically small in stature without it. Growth hormone affects not just physical size but also the digestion of food and the aging process. Researchers and family physicians tend to agree that it is foolhardy to dispense it in cases in which the risks are not clearly outweighed by the benefits.

雅思閱讀練習(xí)題：Is life miserable without passion?

The problem with following your passion

滿懷激情帶來的問題

In a recent biography of Elon Musk, Bloomberg technology writer Ashlee Vance documents how the entrepreneur(企業(yè)家) transformed the electric car industry, launched rockets into space, developed solar technology and devised plans to colonize Mars. Vance emphasizes Musk’s diligence and unwavering(不動搖的) zeal(熱情), not just his intelligence and eccentricities(奇思妙想，怪異). Like Steve Jobs, Musk is a mercurial(反復(fù)無常的)perfectionist, prone to moments of rage, spurred by passion. (與Steve Jobs一樣，Musk也是一個追求完美的人，性格反復(fù)無常，容易著急上火，激情四溢。)

It’s tempting to read about someone like Elon Musk and conclude that passion is a prerequisite(前提)for success. And months from now, it’s likely that a suite of commencement(畢業(yè)典禮)speakers will stand in front of class after class of new graduates, remarking that “the only way to do great work is to love what you do,” as Steve Jobs told the Stanford class of 2005.

But is passion really an essential condition for leading a successful life? That idea has come under attack in the last few years. Passion is increasingly labeled as mere post hoc(事后的) storytelling, an empty cliché(老生常談)that makes for a good narrative(激情越來越被標(biāo)簽為事后歸因的故事，是為了講出好故事而說的空洞套話。). Cal Newport, an assistant professor at Georgetown University and author of So Good They Can’t Ignore You, insists the passion mantra(頌歌) is not just unoriginal but misleading. The goal shouldn’t be to find your passion—as if it has been there, undiscovered, from the beginning—but to create one.

Recently, a team of psychologists led by Patricia Chen, a graduate student at the University of Michigan, published research that gives us new insights into the relationship between passion and work. The team polled 794 people and found that about 70 percent believed passion is about matching an intrinsically(內(nèi)在地)rewarding skill with a certain line of work—what Chen calls the fit theory.(該研究團隊調(diào)查了794個人后發(fā)現(xiàn)，大約70%的人都相信，所謂激情就是一種內(nèi)在的激勵技能與某種工作相匹配了——陳將其稱為“匹配理論”。Under this paradigm(模式), it’s easy to explain people like Musk and Jobs: They persevered because their work tapped(開發(fā))into a fundamental joy of theirs.

The other 30 percent of participants in the study indicated that passion for work is developed and cultivated over time—what Chen calls the develop theory.(另外30%的受調(diào)查者認(rèn)為，工作激情是在時間中培養(yǎng)出來的——陳將其稱為“培養(yǎng)理論”。)According to this view, which is similar to what Newport endorses, we should think of our skills and proclivities(傾向)as malleable(可以塑造的)instead of fixed. Passion is the result of persistent and deliberate practice.

Across four studies, the psychologists found that those who think passion can be developed were just as likely to be satisfied with their job in the long run as those who searched for a perfect fit. (在所有4項研究中，心理學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些認(rèn)為激情是可以培養(yǎng)的人與那些尋求匹配的人，從長遠(yuǎn)看，同樣可能從工作中獲得滿足。)These findings suggest, Chen and her team note, that people can “achieve similar levels of well-being at work by endorsing(贊同)either the fit or develop theory.”

This piece of research helps psychologists better understand the nature of passion, yet it still pivots off a very narrow definition, in which to be passionate about something is essentially to enjoy particular challenges that would otherwise be grueling(痛苦的). (這項研究幫助心理學(xué)家們更好地理解激情的性質(zhì)，然而該研究仍基于一個非常狹窄的定義，即，對某事充滿激情本質(zhì)上就是喜歡某些原本令人痛苦的挑戰(zhàn)。)Moreover, it assumes such passion is the basis for a rewarding professional life.

We’d like to introduce two more concepts to broaden what we mean when we talk about passion. Psychological research shows that life satisfaction correlates with the ability to assess something from multiple viewpoints. (心理學(xué)研究表明，人生的滿足感與多角度評價事物的能力相關(guān)。)And so by widening the meaning of passion, we also allow ourselves more opportunities to find meaning and satisfaction in the lives we lead.

In German, the word for passion is Leidenschaft, which literally means the ability to endure adversity(不利情況，逆境). It is a much less rosy word, not the graduation bromide(溴化物;老套的安慰話) its English counterpart(對等物;對應(yīng)物)has become. If you’re passionate about something in Germanic cultures, you don’t necessarily enjoy it. Leidenschaft is about knowing the pursuit will be unpleasant but tolerating it because the outcome is worth the cost. Critically, Germans can be passionate about an activity without feeling the need to pursue it as a profession or worry about higher ideals. From this view, work is a means to an end, enabling the pursuit of passion during non-work time.

In Eastern Europe, passion can also be understood as cierpienie (which roughly translates to “suffering” in Polish). It’s a word that describes having a calling, but without any implications of deriving pleasure. You have no choice but to endure it, even when the outcome is not necessarily positive.

A good example is Phil Hansen, an artist who developed permanent nerve damage in his hand from spending years practicing pointillism(點畫派)—a drawing and painting technique in which small dots are used to create a larger image. Because of his jittery hand, Hansen could no longer draw straight lines; his previously round dots began to look like “tadpoles.” He eventually dropped out of art school and gave up art completely.

When his doctor suggested that he “embrace the shake,” Hansen decided to develop a new approach to art that relied on his handicap. The result was a new genre of creative work. Hansen made portraits out of matches, grease and food. He still used his hands to draw, but instead of creating images from perfect dots, he drew pictures composed entirely of squiggles.

In the American sense of the word, art is Hansen’s passion. But it’s more accurate to describe his life with cierpienie. He still experiences joint pain and he still can’t draw straight, so he has no choice but to endure his limitation. Despite his glowing TED Talk, the outcome is usually negative, as is the case with all creative work. The final product invariably results from dozens of failed ones.

Although it’s important to value work that is intrinsically fulfilling, let’s stop advertising the myopic(短視的)idea that life without passion—whether it is something to be found or created—is not worth living. Working adults aren’t either passionate and fulfilled or lifeless and miserable. That’s an overly simplified worldview, in which the dreary desk workers of the world are constantly pitted against the Elon Musks. (工作中的成年人并非只有“要么充滿激情和成就，要么沒有生機和痛苦”兩種選擇。那種世界觀過于簡單，這種觀點長期讓世界上那些枯燥的案頭工作人員與Elon Musk們處于對立狀態(tài)。)

Instead, we should recast our own American concept of passion to include other definitions that embrace a broader sense of what a meaningful life could look like. “Having too few constructs or insufficiently validated ones can create problems, particularly when life is moving quickly and you are trying to make sense of it,” Cambridge University psychologist Brian Little writes in his book Me, Myself and Us. “Your constructs can cage you in.” (“建構(gòu)太少，或者你的建構(gòu)得不到充分證實，這都會帶來問題，尤其是當(dāng)生命匆匆，你想從中找到意義的時候，”劍橋大學(xué)心理學(xué)家Brian Little在其《我，我自己和我們》中寫道?！澳愕姆N.種建構(gòu)可能將你自己困住?！?

Vocabulary

Entrepreneur 企業(yè)家

Unwavering 不動搖的

Zeal 熱情

Eccentricity 怪異性

Mercurial 水性楊花的;易變的

Prerequisite 前提

Commencement 畢業(yè)典禮;開始

Post hoc 事后的

Cliché 陳詞濫調(diào)

Mantra 頌歌

Intrinsically 內(nèi)在地