雅思閱讀分?jǐn)?shù)上不去要如何備考
雅思閱讀分?jǐn)?shù)上不去 要如何備考?一起來學(xué)習(xí)一下吧，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
雅思閱讀分?jǐn)?shù)上不去 要如何備考?
閱讀題效率低的原因和解決方法歸為以下三個(gè)：
首先，當(dāng)然是詞匯。任何一篇內(nèi)容相對(duì)復(fù)雜的閱讀文章，都不可避免地出現(xiàn)大量生僻詞語或者是難度相對(duì)較大的單詞。從文章的選材而言，范圍是十分豐富的，主要來自世界各國(guó)主要的英文報(bào)刊雜志，內(nèi)容涉及任何一個(gè)國(guó)家的文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)、自然和科技等。
而IELTS考試所考查的，是實(shí)際運(yùn)用語言的能力，所以在考試中真正需要理解的單詞，或是題目中真正考查到的單詞，往往是英語閱讀中的一些最核心的單詞。這些單詞雖然數(shù)量不多，難度不大，但卻是必須掌握的。就考試而言，掌握6000左右的常用詞匯，即大學(xué)六級(jí)大綱中所要求的詞匯是必須的。
第二，復(fù)雜的句型結(jié)構(gòu)。有些同學(xué)的詞匯量已經(jīng)達(dá)到了6000左右，但是依然感覺讀不懂文章，這就是因?yàn)槲恼轮谐涑庵罅拷Y(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜難以把握的復(fù)雜句。
如：The challenge now is to develop policies and practices based on a presumption of shared responsibility between men and women, and a presumption that there are potential benefits for men and women, as well as for families and the community, if there is greater gender equality in the responsibilities and pleasures of family life.
這是一個(gè)相對(duì)復(fù)雜的句子，主干是the challenge now is to develop policies and practices, 從based on到句子的結(jié)尾處是由過去分詞短語充當(dāng)?shù)臓钫Z。后一個(gè)presumption后面有一個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的從句，充當(dāng)presumption的同位語。在同位語的后面，有一個(gè)if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。一般而言，對(duì)同學(xué)們?cè)斐烧系K的是并列句或并列復(fù)合句，倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，所以在訓(xùn)練時(shí)可以精挑一個(gè)語段做仔細(xì)分析。
第三，題型多樣化。這個(gè)障礙使原本已經(jīng)擁有相當(dāng)英語語言實(shí)力的考生，在考試中因?yàn)槿狈?duì)題型的理解，或是被眾多題型干擾，不能正常發(fā)揮。
一些必考題型如list of headings, summary, T/F/NG等，可以作為練習(xí)重點(diǎn)。如summary題是很多同學(xué)感到頭痛的題型，普遍感到非常難找。其實(shí)不然，只要記住兩大原則即可。
原則一，順序原則。summary題的答案排列順序，必定與文章的行文順序一致。原則二，完整的summary，不僅應(yīng)該能夠體現(xiàn)文章本身所表達(dá)的思想含義，而且必須是符合語法規(guī)律的英語文章。所以根據(jù)語法也可以進(jìn)行判斷。
在準(zhǔn)備考試的過程中，除了要做IELTS考題之外，還要進(jìn)行泛讀和快速閱讀。泛讀可以選擇一些英美主流媒體的文章，在網(wǎng)站上可以找到，目的是熟悉單詞和句型?？焖匍喿x就是用掃描文章的方法對(duì)其結(jié)構(gòu)有大致的了解，并把握其主旨。
同時(shí)，在重點(diǎn)句子和詞匯上做出標(biāo)記。這種方法對(duì)閱讀考試幫助極大，平時(shí)可多加練習(xí)。另外，為了提高閱讀的速度還要養(yǎng)成良好的閱讀習(xí)慣，不能邊看邊用嘴跟著讀，眼、嘴并用必會(huì)降低閱讀速度;
一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)生詞(這種情況絕大多數(shù)同學(xué)都肯定要遇到)，先不要緊張，要通過英語構(gòu)詞法(前綴、詞根和后綴)來分析推測(cè)詞義，或結(jié)合上下文、前后詞語去猜測(cè)，如果根據(jù)上下文及前后詞語還是無法確切了解其真正含義，可以再看一下這個(gè)詞對(duì)整個(gè)句子所構(gòu)成的影響是肯定的，還是否定的，實(shí)際上這對(duì)你理解作者的意圖已足夠了，實(shí)在不行就做上記號(hào)，將來看一看是否影響答題，如無影響就堅(jiān)決忽略。
雅思閱讀模擬練習(xí)及答案
From The Economist print edition
How shops can exploit people’s herd mentality to increase sales
1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (that is， how ants， bees or any social animal， including humans， behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy.
2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome， Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani， a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology， described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted： for instance， by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store， forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes， also of the Florida Institute of Technology， set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that， if a certain product is seen to be popular， shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying.
3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani’s supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag， a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information， and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods， a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high， he is more likely to select it too.
4. Mr Usmani’s “swarm-moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts. And it gives shoppers the satisfaction of knowing that they bought the “right” product—that is， the one everyone else bought. The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world， mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets. But Mr Usmani says that both Wal-Mart in America and Tesco in Britain are interested in his work， and testing will get under way in the spring.
5. Another recent study on the power of social influence indicates that sales could， indeed， be boosted in this way. Matthew Salganik of Columbia University in New York and his colleagues have described creating an artificial music market in which some 14，000 people downloaded previously unknown songs. The researchers found that when people could see the songs ranked by how many times they had been downloaded， they followed the crowd. When the songs were not ordered by rank， but the number of times they had been downloaded was displayed， the effect of social influence was still there but was less pronounced. People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so.
6. In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueen has been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and research companies. The shops sell only the most popular items in each product category， and the rankings are updated weekly. Icosystem， a company in Cambridge， Massachusetts， also aims to exploit knowledge of social networking to improve sales.
7. And the psychology that works in physical stores is just as potent on the internet. Online retailers such as Amazon are adept at telling shoppers which products are popular with like-minded consumers. Even in the privacy of your home， you can still be part of the swarm.
Questions 1-6
Complete the sentences below with words taken from the reading passage. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
1. Shopowners realize that the smell of _______________ can increase sales of food products.
2. In shops， products shelved at a more visible level sell better even if they are more _______________.
3. According to Mr. Usmani， with the use of “swarm intelligence” phenomenon， a new method can be applied to encourage _______________.
4. On the way to everyday items at the back of the store， shoppers might be tempted to buy _______________.
5. If the number of buyers shown on the _______________ is high， other customers tend to follow them.
6. Using the “swarm-moves” model， shopowners do not have to give customers _______________ to increase sales.
Questions 7-12
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 7-12 write
YES if the statement agrees with the information
NO if the statement contraicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage
7. Radio frequency identification technology has been installed experimentally in big supermarkets like Wal-Mart.
8. People tend to download more unknown songs than songs they are familiar with.
9. Songs ranked high by the number of times being downloaded are favored by customers.
10. People follow the others to the same extent whether it is convenient or not.
11. Items sold in some Japanese stores are simply chosen according to the sales data of other shops.
12. Swarm intelligence can also be observed in everyday life.
Answer keys：
1. 答案：(freshly baked) bread. (第1段第2 行：Shoppers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they intended.)
2. 答案：expensive. (第1段第4 行： Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors.)
3. 答案：impulse buying. (第2段第1 句：At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome， Zeeshan- ul- hassan Usmani， a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology， described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon.)
4. 答案：other (tempting) goods/things/products. (第2段第2 句：Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted： for instance， by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store， forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them.)
5. 答案：screen. (第3段第4 行：As a customer walks past a shelf of goods， a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high， he is more likely to select it too.)
6. 答案：discounts. (第4段第第1句：Mr Usmani’s “swarm- moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts.)
7. 答案：NO. (第4段第3、4 句：The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world， mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets. But Mr Usmani says that both Wal- Mart in America an Tesco in Britain are interestd in his workd， and testing will get under way in the spring. 短語 “get under way”的意思是“開始進(jìn)行”，在Wal-Mart的試驗(yàn)要等到春天才開始)
8. 答案：NOT GIVEN. (在文中沒有提及該信息)
9. 答案：YES。 (第5段第3 句：The reseachers found that when people could see the songs ranked by how many times they have been downloaded， they followed the crowd.)
10. 答案：NO。 (第5段最后兩句：When the songs are not ordered by rank， but the number of times they had been downloaded was displayed， the effect of social influence was still there but was less pronounced. People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so. pronounced 的詞義是“顯著的、明顯的”)
11. 答案：YES。 (第6段第1 句：In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueen has been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and research companies.)
12. 答案：YES。 (最后一段最后一句：Even in the privacy of your home， you can still be part of the swarm. home應(yīng)該算是everyday life的一部分
雅思閱讀模擬練習(xí)及答案
Rogue theory of smell gets a boost
1. A controversial theory of how we smell， which claims that our fine sense of odour depends on quantum mechanics， has been given the thumbs up by a team of physicists.
2. Calculations by researchers at University College London (UCL) show that the idea that we smell odour molecules by sensing their molecular vibrations makes sense in terms of the physics involved.
3. That’s still some way from proving that the theory， proposed in the mid-1990s by biophysicist Luca Turin， is correct. But it should make other scientists take the idea more seriously.
4. “This is a big step forward，” says Turin， who has now set up his own perfume company Flexitral in Virginia. He says that since he published his theory， “it has been ignored rather than criticized.”
5. Most scientists have assumed that our sense of smell depends on receptors in the nose detecting the shape of incoming molecules， which triggers a signal to the brain. This molecular ’lock and key’ process is thought to lie behind a wide range of the body’s detection systems： it is how some parts of the immune system recognise invaders， for example， and how the tongue recognizes some tastes.
6. But Turin argued that smell doesn’t seem to fit this picture very well. Molecules that look almost identical can smell very different — such as alcohols， which smell like spirits， and thiols， which smell like rotten eggs. And molecules with very different structures can smell similar. Most strikingly， some molecules can smell different — to animals， if not necessarily to humans — simply because they contain different isotopes (atoms that are chemically identical but have a different mass)。
7. Turin’s explanation for these smelly facts invokes the idea that the smell signal in olfactory receptor proteins is triggered not by an odour molecule’s shape， but by its vibrations， which can enourage an electron to jump between two parts of the receptor in a quantum-mechanical process called tunnelling. This electron movement could initiate the smell signal being sent to the brain.
8. This would explain why isotopes can smell different： their vibration frequencies are changed if the atoms are heavier. Turin’s mechanism， says Marshall Stoneham of the UCL team， is more like swipe-card identification than a key fitting a lock.
9. Vibration-assisted electron tunnelling can undoubtedly occur — it is used in an experimental technique for measuring molecular vibrations. “The question is whether this is possible in the nose，” says Stoneham’s colleague， Andrew Horsfield.
10. Stoneham says that when he first heard about Turin’s idea， while Turin was himself based at UCL， “I didn’t believe it”。 But， he adds， “because it was an interesting idea， I thought I should prove it couldn’t work. I did some simple calculations， and only then began to feel Luca could be right.” Now Stoneham and his co-workers have done the job more thoroughly， in a paper soon to be published in Physical Review Letters.
11. The UCL team calculated the rates of electron hopping in a nose receptor that has an odorant molecule bound to it. This rate depends on various properties of the biomolecular system that are not known， but the researchers could estimate these parameters based on typical values for molecules of this sort.
12. The key issue is whether the hopping rate with the odorant in place is significantly greater than that without it. The calculations show that it is — which means that odour identification in this way seems theoretically possible.
13. But Horsfield stresses that that’s different from a proof of Turin’s idea. “So far things look plausible， but we need proper experimental verification. We’re beginning to think about what experiments could be performed.”
14. Meanwhile， Turin is pressing ahead with his hypothesis. “At Flexitral we have been designing odorants exclusively on the basis of their computed vibrations，” he says. “Our success rate at odorant discovery is two orders of magnitude better than the competition.” At the very least， he is putting his money where his nose is.
Questions 1-4
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? Please write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the writer
FALSE if the statement does not agree with the writer
NOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage
1. The result of the study at UCL agrees with Turin’s theory.
2. The study at UCL could conclusively prove what Luca Turin has hypothesized.
3. Turin left his post at UCL and started his own business because his theory was ignored.
4. The molecules of alcohols and those of thiols look alike.
Questions 5-9
Complete the sentences below with words from the passage. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
5. The hypothesis that we smell by sensing the molecular vibration was made by ______.
6. Turin’s company is based in ______.
7. Most scientists believed that our nose works in the same way as our ______.
8. Different isotopes can smell different when ______ weigh differently.
9. According to Audrew Horsfield， it is still to be proved that ______ could really occur in human nose.
Question 10-12
Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
10. What’s the name of the researcher who collaborated with Stoneham?
11. What is the next step of the UCL team’s study?
12. What is the theoretical basis in designing odorants in Turin’s company?
(by Zhou Hong)
Answer Keys and Explanations
1. T 見第一段。“give sth the thumbs up”為“接受“的意思。
2. F 見第三段。 “That’s still some way from proving that the theory， proposed in the mid- 1990s by biophysicist Luca Turin， is correct.”意即“現(xiàn)在尚無法證實(shí)生物物理學(xué)家Luca在九十年代中期提出的理論是否正確。”
3. NG
4. T 見第六段 “Molecules that look almost identical can smell very different — such as alcohols， which smell like spirits， and thiols， which smell like rotten eggs.”“identical” 一詞是“完全相同”的意思。這句話是說alcohols和thiols的分子結(jié)構(gòu)看起來一樣，但是它們的味道卻相去甚遠(yuǎn)。
5. Luca Turin 文章第二，三和七段均可看出Luca的理論即人類的鼻子是通過感覺氣味分子的震動(dòng)來分辨氣味的。
6. Virginia 見第四段。
7. tongue 見第五段 “This molecular ’lock and key’ process is thought to lie behind a wide range of the body’s detection systems： it is how some parts of the immune system recognise invaders， for example， and how the tongue recognizes some tastes.”
8. the atoms 見第八段 “This would explain why isotopes can smell different： their vibration frequencies are changed if the atoms are heavier.”
9. vibration-assisted electron tunneling 見第九段 ““The question is whether this is possible in the nose，” says Stoneham’s colleague， Andrew Horsfield.” 句中的代詞“this”指句首的“vibration-assisted electron tunneling”。
10. Andrew Horsfield 見第九段結(jié)尾。
11.proper experimental verification 見第十三段。
12.their computed vibrations 見第十四段
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雅思閱讀分?jǐn)?shù)上不去要如何備考
