GRE快速閱讀大法
今天小編給大家?guī)?lái)了GRE快速閱讀大法，快來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)一下吧，下面小編就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。
GRE快速閱讀大法
1、時(shí)間約束
在GRE閱讀中，一篇長(zhǎng)文章大致需要在4分鐘之內(nèi)看完。而且GRE文章涉獵極其廣泛，再加上其特有的長(zhǎng)難句，因此考生在讀文章時(shí)必然感覺(jué)晦澀難懂。
至此讀者不禁要問(wèn)，如想要在短時(shí)間內(nèi)看完文章，是不是只要在提高速度下功夫，即在語(yǔ)言層面做些工作就可以了呢?
在回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題之前，我們先來(lái)看一下作為母語(yǔ)是英語(yǔ)的美國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)，他們讀GRE文章是不是沒(méi)有問(wèn)題呢?
筆者自己發(fā)現(xiàn)美國(guó)人讀GRE閱讀文章也有與中國(guó)考生同樣的感覺(jué)：文章晦澀難懂，做題時(shí)間不夠等。原因何在?原因在于美國(guó)長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)實(shí)行放任教育體制，言外之意，美國(guó)主流的教育觀念是不強(qiáng)調(diào)美國(guó)學(xué)生必須要知道一些基本的自然科學(xué)的常識(shí)，不管他們想不想知道。所以，很多美國(guó)學(xué)生的地理和數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)匱乏到令人驚訝的程度也就容易理解了。因此，盡管美國(guó)人在考GRE時(shí)占盡了母語(yǔ)的優(yōu)勢(shì)，但與像TOEFL那樣的語(yǔ)言考試迥異的是G式閱讀不是純粹的語(yǔ)言測(cè)試，所以土生土長(zhǎng)的美國(guó)人也發(fā)現(xiàn)他們也無(wú)法輕而易舉地在如此短的時(shí)間內(nèi)讀完文章并做完題目。
那么，試想連他們都感覺(jué)吃力，又怎么能指望中國(guó)學(xué)在緊張而短暫的4分鐘內(nèi)，把一篇文章如學(xué)術(shù)研究般的字斟句酌，領(lǐng)會(huì)深意，甚至做一番英譯漢的工作呢?因此，符合GRE的快速閱讀勢(shì)在必行!
2、GRE閱讀所考察的能力
事實(shí)上，G式閱讀考查的是實(shí)際思維能力,
而并非僅僅停留在一些語(yǔ)言層面的內(nèi)容如龐大的詞匯量對(duì)以及全文進(jìn)行逐字逐句地把握等。拿詞匯來(lái)說(shuō)，中國(guó)考生只要具備了托福的詞匯量就可以在GRE閱讀中取得好成績(jī)，。我想很多中國(guó)GRE考生的單詞量絕不止六七千，可閱讀確實(shí)其中相對(duì)薄弱的環(huán)節(jié)。
不難看出，考生用傳統(tǒng)的閱讀思維來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)G式閱讀是其中最重要的原因。而傳統(tǒng)閱讀方法中處于核心地位的就是文章逐字逐句地研讀并翻譯，希望盡量做到全文理解，然后再去做題，而這種方法恰恰不適合GRE閱讀。GRE閱讀就是要求在全文所傳遞出來(lái)的海量的信息中迅速找出相關(guān)的重點(diǎn)信息來(lái)解題，沒(méi)有有效的快速閱讀是不可想象的。
實(shí)際上，GRE閱讀這種抓大放小，快速閱讀的考查重點(diǎn)是與整個(gè)GRE考試的考查重點(diǎn)是完全吻合的。因?yàn)镚RE語(yǔ)文部分，乃至GRE考試實(shí)際上都不單純?yōu)榭加⒄Z(yǔ)而考英語(yǔ)，而是考查考生是否具備將來(lái)成為一個(gè)商業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者或研究生所需要的閱讀能力以及思維方式。所以GRE閱讀就是以高難的英語(yǔ)為載體，通過(guò)考查考生是否具有根據(jù)文章后面的題目在文章中尋找相關(guān)信息的能力，來(lái)間接考查考生是否具備從未來(lái)工作中那浩如煙海的信息海洋中抽取關(guān)鍵信息的能力。
此處的關(guān)鍵信息，簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)，就是我們?cè)诳赐暌黄恼潞?，我們所明白的無(wú)非是：諸如有一種什么動(dòng)物，名字不知道，第一個(gè)字母是t。
有一些科學(xué)家對(duì)此種動(dòng)物很感興趣，于是抓了一只t來(lái)研究并在研究結(jié)束后提出了一種假說(shuō)。后來(lái)把t放歸自然，當(dāng)然安裝了跟蹤裝置，數(shù)月后，研究者再次將t帶回實(shí)驗(yàn)室，根據(jù)跟蹤裝置的報(bào)道，證明他們最初的假說(shuō)是完全正確的。
其實(shí)，考生只需先看懂這些就足夠了。考生只需在考試中，將一切人物、地點(diǎn)、器具、物質(zhì)都轉(zhuǎn)化為一個(gè)字母或代號(hào)，一切細(xì)微的感覺(jué)都概括為或正或負(fù)的評(píng)價(jià)(頂多是有保留的或正或負(fù)的態(tài)度)，至于作者使用了哪些論據(jù)，經(jīng)歷了哪些論證過(guò)程，最后又如何推出自己的精辟論點(diǎn)，考生實(shí)在是沒(méi)那么多時(shí)間去顧及了。也就是說(shuō)，考生必須看懂的內(nèi)容：
※ 作者在說(shuō)什么內(nèi)容以及這些內(nèi)容有什么中心事物和人的代表
※ 作者對(duì)他們態(tài)度如何(正評(píng)價(jià)或負(fù)評(píng)價(jià))
※ 作者在論證出自己的正或負(fù)態(tài)度過(guò)程中曾舉過(guò)什么重點(diǎn)例子以及作者是否表示出了一些極端的評(píng)價(jià)，如最好、唯一之類。
3、快速閱讀的誤區(qū)
由于G式閱讀其本身的特殊性和快速閱讀的特殊要求，很多考生在學(xué)習(xí)使用快速閱讀技巧的時(shí)候表現(xiàn)出諸多的誤區(qū)，下面試舉幾例：
※ 盲目求快而忽略了文章中主要的信息
有些考生片面理解了GRE閱讀中的快速閱讀，認(rèn)為快速閱讀僅僅指的就是提高單位時(shí)間內(nèi)容閱讀單詞的數(shù)量，所以在閱讀實(shí)踐中盲目提速。導(dǎo)致文章中重要的主干內(nèi)容被忽略。如下例：
有些考生在處理上一段的時(shí)候以極快的速度從頭念到尾，卻沒(méi)有區(qū)分關(guān)鍵信息和非關(guān)鍵信息。將黃色區(qū)域等同于粉紅色區(qū)域。其實(shí)，粉紅色區(qū)域的“as a consequence”說(shuō)明該句的重要性將大大超過(guò)黃色區(qū)域中的句子。因?yàn)閺倪壿嫿嵌葋?lái)說(shuō)，As a consequence是表示“前因后果”，而從邏輯上說(shuō)，結(jié)果比原因更重要，所以正確的閱讀方法應(yīng)為迅速通過(guò)黃色區(qū)域，在粉紅色區(qū)域細(xì)細(xì)研讀。
※ 在閱讀時(shí)縮手縮腳，不敢舍棄
有的考生在備考時(shí)也基本認(rèn)同了快速閱讀方法的合理性，可在實(shí)際閱讀文章的過(guò)程中還是縮手縮腳，不敢快速閱讀一些細(xì)節(jié)。仍然是上述例子。
有些考生把黃色區(qū)域中的文字也好好地研讀了一番，甚至試圖記下每一年發(fā)生的大事件。將大量時(shí)間花在細(xì)節(jié)上，最終導(dǎo)致沒(méi)有時(shí)間去思考該這部分內(nèi)容是否值得他這樣去細(xì)細(xì)品味。
※ 在閱讀時(shí)顛倒閱讀重點(diǎn)
在把握GRE文章時(shí)首先應(yīng)讀出其邏輯層次，其中包括套路，各段段意，各段之間的邏輯關(guān)系以及主題句。其次，需注意文章中的一些重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象，如GRE強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn)折，強(qiáng)因果和強(qiáng)對(duì)比等詞所在的句子。同時(shí)在看文章時(shí)對(duì)一些重要的細(xì)節(jié)要記住它們大致的位置。最后在做題的時(shí)候?qū)σ恍┡c題目相關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行仔細(xì)的研讀。因此，閱讀GRE文章的優(yōu)先順序如下：
以上步驟的優(yōu)先級(jí)(priority)依次遞減。而很多考生的誤區(qū)在于認(rèn)為讀GRE文章就是去讀一些文章中的細(xì)節(jié)，而忽視了對(duì)文章整體的把握。由于在細(xì)節(jié)上花的時(shí)間太多，沒(méi)有時(shí)間去思考諸如本篇文章的套路，主題句等問(wèn)題。所以概括說(shuō)來(lái)，很多同學(xué)讀G式閱讀文章剛好“本末倒置”。
新GRE邏輯閱讀
1. The painter Peter Brandon never dated his works, and their chronology is only now beginning to take shape in the critical literature. A recent dating of a Brandon self-portrait to 1930 is surely wrong. Brandon was 63 years old in 1930, yet the painting shows a young, dark-haired man-obviously Brandon, but clearly not a man of 63.
Which of the following, if justifiably assumed, allows the conclusion to be properly drawn?
(A) There is no securely dated self-portrait of Brandon that he painted when he was significantly younger than 63.
(B) In refraining from dating his works, Brandon intended to steer critical discussion of them away from considerations of chronology.
(C) Until recently, there was very little critical literature on the works of Brandon.
(D) Brandon at age 63 would not have portrayed himself in a painting as he had looked when he was a young man.
(E) Brandon painted several self-portraits that showed him as a man past the age of 60.
2. Dance critic from Europe: The improved quality of ballet in the United States is the result of more Europeans' teaching ballet in the United States than ever before. I know the proportion of teachers who were born and trained in Europe has gone up among ballet teachers in the United States, because last year, on my trip to New York, more of the ballet teachers I met were from Europe-born and trained there -than ever before.
Which of the following identifies a questionable assumption made by the dance critic's reasoning?
(A) The argument overlooks the possibility that some ballet teachers in the United States could have been born in Europe but trained in the United States.
(B) The argument assumes that the ballet teachers whom the critic met last year on the critic's trip to New York were a generally typical group of such teachers.
(C) The argument assumes that the teaching of ballet in the United States is superior to the teaching of ballet in Europe
(D) Other possible reasons for the improved mental attitudes of United States dancers are not examined.
(E) The argument assumes that dancers born and trained in Europe are typically more talented than dancers born and trained in the United States.
3.Mayor Four years ago when we reorganized the city police department in order to save money, critics claimed that the reorganization would make the police less responsive to citizens and would thus lead to more crime. The police have compiled theft statistics from the years following the reorganization that show that the critics were wrong. There was an overall decrease in reports of thefts of all kinds, including small thefts.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously challenges the mayor's argument?
(A) When city police are perceived as unresponsive, victims of theft are less likely to report thefts to the police.
(B) The mayor's critics generally agree that police statistics concerning crime reports provide the most reliable available data on crime rates.
(C) In other cities where police departments have been similarly reorganized, the numbers of reported thefts have generally risen following reorganization.
(D) The mayor's reorganization of the police department failed to save as much money as it was intended to save.
(E) During the four years immediately preceding the reorganization, reports of all types of theft had been rising steadily in comparison to reports of other crimes.
4. It takes a particular talent to be a successful business manager. Business courses can help people to solve management problems, but such courses can do so only for those people with managerial talent. Such people should take business courses to acquire ideas that they can subsequently use to good advantage if management problems happen to arise.
If the statements above are true, which of the following must also be true on the basis of them?
(A) People who are helped by business courses in solving management problems also have managerial talent.
(B) People who are already skilled at solving management problems are unlikely to benefit from business courses.
(C) Most ideas that are used successfully in solving management problems are those acquired in business courses.
(D) People who lack managerial talent are more likely to take business courses than are people who have managerial talent.
(E) Those people who have never taken business courses are unable to solve management problems when such problems arise.
5. When a driver is suspected of having had too much to drink, testing the driver's ability to walk a straight line gives a more reliable indication of fitness to drive than does testing the driver's blood-alcohol level.
Which of the following, if true, best supports the claim made in the statement above?
(A) Not all observers will agree whether or not an individual has succeeded in walking a straight line.
(B) Because of genetic differences and variations in acquired tolerance to alcohol, some individuals suffer more serious motor impairment from a given high blood-alcohol level than do others.
(C) Tests designed to measure blood-alcohol levels are accurate, inexpensive, and easy to administer.
(D) More than half the drivers involved in fatal accidents have blood-alcohol levels that exceed the legal limit, whereas in less-serious accidents the proportion of legally intoxicated drivers is lower.
(E) Some individuals with high blood-alcohol levels are capable of walking a straight line but are not capable of driving safely.
6. That sales can be increased by the presence of sunlight within a store has been shown by the experience of the only Savefast department store with a large skylight. The skylight allows sunlight into half of the store, reducing the need for artificial light. The rest of the store uses only artificial light. Since the store opened two years ago, the departments on the sunlit side have had substantially higher sales than the other departments.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
(A) On particularly cloudy days, more artificial light is used to illuminate the part of the store under the skylight.
(B) When the store is open at night, the departments in the part of the store under the skylight have sales that are no higher than those of other departments.
(C) Many customers purchase items from departments in both parts of the store on a single shopping trip.
(D) Besides the skylight, there are several significant architectural differences between the two parts of the store.
(E) The departments in the part of the store under the skylight are the departments that generally have the highest sales in other stores in the Savefast chain.
7. To protect beachfront buildings from ocean storms, ocean resorts have built massive seawalls between beaches and the buildings. Not only do the seawalls block off some buildings' ocean view, but the beaches themselves become ever narrower, because sand can no longer creep inland as storms erode it at the water's edge. If the information is correct, which of the following conclusions is most strongly supported on the basis of it?
(A) Since the ferocity of ocean storms is increasing, increasingly high seawalls must be built between beaches and beachfront property.
(B) Even when beaches are heavily used by people, they are necessary to the survival of the many wild species that use them.
(C) Seawalls constructed to protect beachfront buildings will not themselves eventually be damaged by storms and will not require, if they are to protect the buildings, expensive repair or replacement.
(D) The conservation of beaches for future generations should be the overriding goal of shore management at ocean coasts.
(E) Trying to protect beachfront buildings by constructing seawalls is counterproductive in the long run for an oceanfront community wishing to maintain itself as a beach resort.
8. A study found that 70 percent of children surveyed in 1970 had at one time had cavities, whereas only 50 percent of those surveyed in 1985 had ever had cavities. The researchers concluded that the level of dental disease in children had declined between 1970 and 1985. Which of the following, if true, would most seriously undermine the researchers' conclusion presented above?
(A) Cavities are the most common kind of dental disease to which children are subject.
(B) The children surveyed came from a broad variety of income backgrounds.
(C) The children surveyed were selected from among students of teachers cooperating with the researchers.
(D) The accuracy of cavity detection techniques has improved dramatically since 1970.
(E) The children surveyed in 1985 were younger on average than those surveyed in 1970.
9. David: Since attempting to preserve every species that is currently endangered is prohibitively expensive, the endangered species whose value to humanity is the greatest should be accorded the highest priority for preservation. Karen: Such a policy would he unsound because it is impossible to predict the future value of a species, nor is it always possible to assess the present value of species whose contributions to humanity, though significant, are indirect.
Which of the following is the main point of Karen's reply to David?
(A) Although it would be desirable to preserve all endangered species, doing so is not economically feasible.
(B) Even if the value to humanity of a given species is known, that value should not be a factor in any decision on whether to expend effort to preserve that species.
(C) Species whose contributions to humanity are direct should have a higher priority for preservation efforts than species whose contributions to humanity are only indirect.
(D)Since the methods for deciding which species have the most value to humanity are imperfect, informed decisions cannot be made on the basis of the assessment of such value.
(E) The preservation of endangered species whose value to humanity can be reliably predicted is more important than the preservation of species whose value for humanity is unpredictable.
10. Roger: Reading a lot as a child causes
nearsightedness-difficulty seeing things at a distance.
Louise: I disagree. Any correlation between near-sightedness and reading results from the fact that children who have trouble seeing things at a distance are likeliest to prefer those activities, such as reading, that involve looking at things close up.
Louise disputes Roger's claim by
(A) demonstrating that an absurd conclusion would follow if Roger's claim were accepted
(B) arguing that what Roger claims to be a cause of a given phenomenon is actually its effect
(C) using an analogy to expose a flaw in Roger's reasoning
(D) pointing out that Roger's claim is self-contradictory
(E) attempting to demonstrate that Roger uses the term“nearsightedness” in an ambiguous way
11. Years ago, consumers in Frieland began paying an energy tax in the form of two Frieland pennies for each unit of energy consumed that came from nonrenewable sources. Following the introduction of this energy tax, there was a steady reduction in the total yearly consumption of energy from nonrenewable sources.
If the statements in the passage are true, then which of the following must on the basis of them be true?
(A) There was a steady decline in the yearly revenues generated by the energy tax in Frieland.
(B) There was a steady decline in the total amount of energy consumed each year in Frieland.
(C)There was a steady increase in the use of renewable energy sources in Frieland
(D) The revenues generated by the energy tax were used to promote the use of energy from renewable sources.
(E) The use of renewable energy sources in Frieland greatly increased relative to the use of nonrenewable energy sources.
12. Despite a dramatic increase in the number of people riding bicycles for recreation in Parkville. a recent report by the Parkville Department of Transportation shows that the number of accidents involving bicycles has decreased for the third consecutive year.
Which of the following, if true during the last three years, best reconciles the apparent discrepancy in the facts above?
(A) The Parkville Department of Recreation confiscated abandoned bicycles and sold them at auction to any interested Parkville residents.
(B) Increased automobile and bus traffic in Parkville has been the leading cause of the most recent increase in automobile accidents.
(C) Because of the local increase in the number of people bicycling for recreation. many out -of -town bicyclists ride in the Parkville area.
(D) The Parkville Police Department enforced traffic rules for bicycle riders much more vigorously and began requiring recreational riders to pass a bicycle safety course.
(E) The Parkville Department of Transportation canceled a program that required all bicycles to be inspected and registered each year.
13. Do strong electric currents, by means of the electromagnetic fields that accompany them, cause cancer in people who live and work nearby? Telephone line workers. who work near such currents every day, can provide a test case. They show elevated levels of brain cancer, therefore, the hypothesis of electromagnetic causation is supported.
Which of the following if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
(A) Burying power lines and other measures to protect the public from such electromagnetic fields would be prohibitively expensive.
(B) Telephone line workers are exposed to levels of chemical solvents high enough to cause brain cancer.
(C) High exposure to strong electromagnetic fields is correlated with a slightly higher-than-normal incidence of childhood leukemia, which is a form of cancer.
(D) Public health officials who found that a group of different illnesses in people living near a power substation could not reliably be attributed to its electromagnetic field were accused of covering up the facts.
(E) Telephone line workers, like most people. have electrical appliances at home, and most electrical appliances, when turned on, are surrounded by and electromagnetic field of some measurable level.
14. Neither the Sami nor the Kephrian delegations attended the international conference. Beforehand. the delegations of Daqua and Kephria. allies whose governments had grievances against Tessia. officially announced that one or both of the two would stay away if the Tessian delegation attended the conference. In response, the Sami delegation officially announced that it would definitely attend if both the Daquan and Kephrian delegations stayed away.
If the statements given are all true and all the delegations adhered to their official announcements. it must also be true that the
(A) Daquan delegation attended the conference
(B) Daquan delegation did not attend the conference
(C) Sami government had no grievance against Tessia
(D) Tessian delegation did not attend the conference
(E) Tessian delegation made no official announcement regarding its attendance at the conference
15. On turning 65 years old, everyone living in the town of Malton becomes eligible to receive a card that guarantees discounts on most goods and services sold in the town. Census records for 1990 show that 2, 450 inhabitants of Malton turned 64 in that year. Yet . in 1991 over 3,000 people applied for and properly received discount cards. So clearly some of Malton's population growth between 1990 and 1992 must be attributable to migration into the city by people in their mid -60's
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
(A) The town of Malton has no complete census records for 1991.
(B) The overall size of the population of Malton grew by over 500 during 1990.
(C) Fewer people applied for and received discount cards in 1991 than did so in 1992.
(D) Among the people 65 years old or older who moved into Malton in 1991. there was no one who did not apply for a discount card .
(E) In general. people who applied for and received discount cards in 1991 first became eligible to do so in that year
GRE快速閱讀大法
