托福閱讀高難度文章長難句實例解析

想要看懂托福閱讀長難句，考生除了擁有牢固的英語語法基礎(chǔ)外，還需要積累大量的實際分析和應對長難句的經(jīng)驗?下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

托福閱讀高難度文章長難句實例解析：打破貴族對選舉的束縛

原句案例：

The first steps toward change were taken by Solon in 594 B.C., when he broke the aristocracy’s stranglehold on elected offices by establishing wealth rather than birth as the basis of office holding, abolishing the economic obligations of ordinary Athenians to the aristocracy, and allowing the assembly (of whichall citizens were equal members) to overrule the decisions of local courts in certain cases.

詞匯講解：

aristocracy /??r?'st?kr?s?/ n. 貴族階級，貴族

stranglehold /'str??ɡlh?uld/ n. 扼制，壓制，束縛

abolish /?'b?l??/ v. 廢除，廢止

obligation /?bl?'ge??(?)n/ n. 義務，職責

assembly /?'sembl?/ n. 集合，集會;裝配，安裝

overrule /??v?'ru?l/ v. 否決，駁回

結(jié)構(gòu)劃分：

The first steps toward change were taken by Solon in 594 B.C., (when he broke the aristocracy’s stranglehold on elected offices) (by establishing wealth rather than birth as the basis of office holding, abolishing the economic obligations of ordinary Athenians to the aristocracy, and allowing the assembly (of which all citizens were equal members) to overrule the decisions of local courts in certain cases.)

深度分析：

這個句子的主干就是：

The first steps toward change were taken by Solon in 594 B.C.

修飾一：(when he broke the aristocracy’s stranglehold on elected offices) ，從句

中文：當他打破了貴族對于選舉的束縛。

修飾二：(by establishing wealth rather than birth as the basis of office holding, abolishing the economic obligations of ordinary Athenians to the aristocracy, and allowing the assembly (of whichall citizens were equal members) to overrule the decisions of local courts incertain cases.)，介詞短語

這個修飾成分比較復雜，介詞后面接了三個并列的非謂語動詞：

1：establishing wealth rather than birth as the basis of office holding

2：abolishing the economicobligations of ordinary Athenians to the aristocracy

3：allowing the assembly (of which all citizens were equal members) to overrule the decisions of local courts in certain cases.

其中第3個非謂語動詞中還有一個從句：

of which all citizens were equal members

三個并列的非謂語動詞中文如下：

1：確定財富而不是出身作為任職的基礎(chǔ)

2：廢除了普通雅典民眾對貴族的經(jīng)濟義務

3：并且允許大會(所有公民都是平等的成員)在一些情況下否決當?shù)胤ㄔ旱臎Q定

中文：他通過確定財富而不是出身作為任職的基礎(chǔ)、廢除了普通雅典民眾對貴族的經(jīng)濟義務并且允許大會(所有公民都是平等的成員)在一些情況下否決當?shù)胤ㄔ旱臎Q定

參考翻譯：

改變的第一步是在公元前594年由Solon發(fā)起的，那時候他通過確定財富而不是出身作為任職的基礎(chǔ)、廢除了普通雅典民眾對貴族的經(jīng)濟義務并且允許大會(所有公民都是平等的成員)在一些情況下否決當?shù)胤ㄔ旱臎Q定，打破了貴族對于選舉的束縛。

托福閱讀高難度文章長難句實例解析：加強雅典中央政府管理

原句案例：

The first steps toward change were taken by Solon in 594 B.C., when he broke the aristocracy’s stranglehold on elected offices by establishing wealth rather than birth as the basis of office holding, abolishing the economic obligations of ordinary Athenians to the aristocracy, and allowing the assembly (of whichall citizens were equal members) to overrule the decisions of local courts in certain cases.

詞匯講解：

aristocracy /??r?'st?kr?s?/ n. 貴族階級，貴族

stranglehold /'str??ɡlh?uld/ n. 扼制，壓制，束縛

abolish /?'b?l??/ v. 廢除，廢止

obligation /?bl?'ge??(?)n/ n. 義務，職責

assembly /?'sembl?/ n. 集合，集會;裝配，安裝

overrule /??v?'ru?l/ v. 否決，駁回

結(jié)構(gòu)劃分：

The first steps toward change were taken by Solon in 594 B.C., (when he broke the aristocracy’s stranglehold on elected offices) (by establishing wealth rather than birth as the basis of office holding, abolishing the economic obligations of ordinary Athenians to the aristocracy, and allowing the assembly (of which all citizens were equal members) to overrule the decisions of local courts in certain cases.)

深度分析：

這個句子的主干就是：

The first steps toward change were taken by Solon in 594 B.C.

修飾一：(when he broke the aristocracy’s stranglehold on elected offices) ，從句

中文：當他打破了貴族對于選舉的束縛。

修飾二：(by establishing wealth rather than birth as the basis of office holding, abolishing the economic obligations of ordinary Athenians to the aristocracy, and allowing the assembly (of whichall citizens were equal members) to overrule the decisions of local courts incertain cases.)，介詞短語

這個修飾成分比較復雜，介詞后面接了三個并列的非謂語動詞：

1：establishing wealth rather than birth as the basis of office holding

2：abolishing the economicobligations of ordinary Athenians to the aristocracy

3：allowing the assembly (of which all citizens were equal members) to overrule the decisions of local courts in certain cases.

其中第3個非謂語動詞中還有一個從句：

of which all citizens were equal members

三個并列的非謂語動詞中文如下：

1：確定財富而不是出身作為任職的基礎(chǔ)

2：廢除了普通雅典民眾對貴族的經(jīng)濟義務

3：并且允許大會(所有公民都是平等的成員)在一些情況下否決當?shù)胤ㄔ旱臎Q定

中文：他通過確定財富而不是出身作為任職的基礎(chǔ)、廢除了普通雅典民眾對貴族的經(jīng)濟義務并且允許大會(所有公民都是平等的成員)在一些情況下否決當?shù)胤ㄔ旱臎Q定

參考翻譯：

改變的第一步是在公元前594年由Solon發(fā)起的，那時候他通過確定財富而不是出身作為任職的基礎(chǔ)、廢除了普通雅典民眾對貴族的經(jīng)濟義務并且允許大會(所有公民都是平等的成員)在一些情況下否決當?shù)胤ㄔ旱臎Q定，打破了貴族對于選舉的束縛。

托福閱讀高難度文章長難句實例解析：政治家對創(chuàng)造民主的貢獻

原句案例：

Cleisthenes' principal contribution to the creation of democracy at Athens was to complete the long process of weakening family and clan structures, especially among the aristocrats, and to set in their place locality-based corporations called demes, which became the point of entry for all civic and most religious life in Athens.

詞匯講解：

democracy /d?'m?kr?s?/ n. 民主，民主政治，民主制度

clan /kl?n/ n. 宗族，家族;集團，幫會

aristocrat /'?r?st?kr?t/ n. 貴族

中文：這成為了雅典所有公民和大多數(shù)宗教生活的入口點。

civic /'s?v?k/ adj. 城市的;市民的，公民的

rule n. 統(tǒng)治，管理

結(jié)構(gòu)劃分：

Cleisthenes' principal contribution (to the creation of democracy at Athens) was (to complete the long process of weakening family and clan structures), (especially among the aristocrats), and (to set in their place locality-based corporations called demes), (which became the point of entry for all civic and most religious life in Athens.)

深度分析：

這個句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是：

Cleisthenes' principal contribution was 非謂語 and 非謂語

第一個非謂語：(to complete the long process of weakening family and clan structures)

第二個非謂語：(to set in their place locality-based corporations called demes)

修飾一：(to the creation of democracy at Athens)，介詞短語

中文：在雅典創(chuàng)造民主

修飾二：(to complete the long process of weakening family and clan structures) ，非謂語動詞

中文：完成了減弱家族和宗族結(jié)構(gòu)的長期過程

修飾三：(especially among the aristocrats) ，介詞短語

中文：尤其是在貴族間

修飾四：(to set in their place locality-based corporations called demes) ，非謂語動詞

中文：在他們所在地方設(shè)置基于地點的稱之為demes團體

修飾五：(which became the point of entry for all civic and most religious life in Athens. ) ，

參考翻譯：

Cleisthenes對于創(chuàng)造雅典民主的主要貢獻是他完成了減弱家族和宗族結(jié)構(gòu)(尤其是貴族家族和宗族結(jié)構(gòu))的長期的過程，并且在他們所在地方設(shè)置基于地點的稱之為demes團體，這成為了雅典所有公民和大多數(shù)宗教生活的入口點。

托福閱讀高難度文章長難句實例解析：熱帶包含更大土地面積

托福閱讀100個長難句實例分析

原句案例：

The tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higher latitudes——a fact that is not always evident when we examine commonly used projections of Earth's curved surface, since this tends to exaggerate the areas of land in the higher latitudes——and some biogeographers regard the differences in diversity as a reflection of this effect.

詞匯講解：

tropics n. 熱帶

projection n. 發(fā)射，投射;

exaggerate /?g'z?d??re?t/ v. 夸張，夸大

結(jié)構(gòu)劃分：

The tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higherlatitudes——(a fact) (that is not always evident) (when we examine commonly used projections of Earth's curved surface), (since this tends to exaggerate the areas of land in the higher latitudes)——and some biogeographers regard the differences in diversity as a reflection of this effect.

深度分析：

這個句子的主干就是一個并列結(jié)構(gòu)，中間被一個破折號隔開了。

The tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higher latitudes and some biogeographers regard the differences in diversity as a reflection of this effect.

修飾一：(a fact) ，同位語

中文：一個事實

修飾二：(that is not always evident) ，從句

中文：不總是那么明顯

修飾三：(when we examine commonly used projections of Earth's curved surface) ，從句

中文：當我們在仔細觀察通常所用的地球曲面投影時

修飾四：(since this tends to exaggerate the areas of land in the higher latitudes) ，從句

中文：因為這往往夸大了高緯度的土地面積

參考翻譯：

熱帶比高緯度包含更大的的土地面積——當我們在仔細觀察通常所用的地球曲面投影時，這一事實并不總是顯而易見的，因為這往往夸大了高緯度的土地面積——并且一些生物地理學家認為多樣性的差異反映了這一影響。

托福閱讀高難度文章長難句實例解析：調(diào)節(jié)溫度的主要行為

原句案例：

The principal elements in behavioral thermoregulation are basking (heliothermy),heat exchange with substrates such as rock or earth (thigmothermy)，and diurnal and annual avoidance behaviors,which include moving to shelter during the day for cooling and hibernating or estivating (reducing activity during cold or hot weather, respectively).

詞匯講解：

bask /bɑ?sk/ v. 坐著或躺著取暖

substrate /'s?bstre?t/ n. 底物，基片，基質(zhì);被(酶)作用物

diurnal /da?'??n(?)l/ adj. 白天的，白晝的;每日的

hibernate /'ha?b?ne?t/ v. 冬眠

estivate /'i?st?ve?t/ v. (動物)夏眠

respectively adv. 各自地

結(jié)構(gòu)劃分：

The principal elements (in behavioral thermoregulation) are basking (heliothermy), heat exchange (with substrates such as rock or earth (thigmothermy) )，and diurnal and annual avoidance behaviors, (which include moving to shelterduring the day for cooling and hibernating or estivating) (reducing activity during cold or hot weather, respectively)

深度分析：

修飾一：(in behavioral thermoregulation) ，介詞短語

中文：行為溫度調(diào)節(jié)

修飾二：(with substrates such as rock or earth (thigmothermy) ) ，介詞短語

中文：與基質(zhì)如巖石或土壤進行熱交換(接觸熱源)

修飾三：(which include moving to shelter during the day for cooling and hibernating or estivating) ，從句

中文：這包括轉(zhuǎn)移到遮蔽處去乘涼、冬眠或夏眠

修飾四：(reducing activity during cold or hot weather, respectively) ，非謂語動詞

中文：分別在寒冷或炎熱的天氣減少活動

參考翻譯：

行為溫度調(diào)節(jié)主要的要素有：曬太陽(日光浴)，與基質(zhì)如巖石或土壤進行熱交換(接觸熱源)，以及每天或每年的躲避行為，這包括轉(zhuǎn)移到遮蔽處去乘涼、冬眠或夏眠(分別在寒冷或炎熱的天氣減少活動)。