托福備考不能直接從刷模考題開(kāi)始
托福備考不能直接從刷??碱}開(kāi)始 ,想上分請(qǐng)先打好基礎(chǔ),今天小編給大家?guī)?lái)了托福備考不能直接從刷??碱}開(kāi)始,希望能夠幫助到大家,下面小編就和大家分享,來(lái)欣賞一下吧。
托福備考不能直接從刷??碱}開(kāi)始 想上分請(qǐng)先打好基礎(chǔ)
托福官網(wǎng)對(duì)官方??架浖亩x
想要搞清官方??架浖膬r(jià)值,我們首先要了解托福官網(wǎng)是怎么定義官方模考軟件的。根據(jù)官網(wǎng)上的說(shuō)法,所謂官方??架浖鋵?shí)就是ETS官方唯一的考試模擬工具。通過(guò)官方模考軟件進(jìn)行???,考生可以了解官方的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化托福考試問(wèn)題以及答案,并且獲得閱讀、聽(tīng)力、口語(yǔ)和寫作4個(gè)考試部分的成績(jī)以及結(jié)果反饋。
說(shuō)得通俗一點(diǎn),官方模考軟件就是對(duì)考生能力的測(cè)評(píng)工具,其中設(shè)置的題目,其出題目的在于檢測(cè)考生的某一項(xiàng)或某幾項(xiàng)能力。而在明確了的這一官方??架浖谋举|(zhì)之后,下一個(gè)問(wèn)題也就隨之而來(lái)了,那就是考生通過(guò)做官方??架浖?,到底能夠給自己備考托福帶來(lái)哪些幫助?
備考托福刷官方??架浖心男┖锰?
在托福備考過(guò)程中,我們要做的是:
1、在托福備考過(guò)程,我們需要熟讀《托??荚嚬俜街改稀?俗稱OG),了解托??荚嚳际裁?、有什么能力要求,弄清楚備考方向;
2、通過(guò)練習(xí)的訓(xùn)練(利用真題或者真題相關(guān)的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行不同能力方面的訓(xùn)練,包括詞匯、語(yǔ)法、閱讀、聽(tīng)力、口語(yǔ)與寫作)提高自身語(yǔ)言能力,滿足其能力要求;
3、在提高自身能力訓(xùn)練的過(guò)程中,我們需要定期模考檢測(cè),檢測(cè)自身水平,為下一步訓(xùn)練提供指導(dǎo);
4、通過(guò)??际煜た荚嚵鞒毯筒襟E;
縱觀整個(gè)備考過(guò)程,其實(shí)用到官方??架浖臒o(wú)非兩個(gè)地方,第一個(gè)就是模考,第二個(gè)是在能力訓(xùn)練階段,可以把官方模考軟件作為練習(xí)的素材。
把官方??架浖?dāng)成備考復(fù)習(xí)的模考,這也符合ETS推出官方??架浖某踔?。官方??架浖鳛闇y(cè)評(píng)手段,能夠檢測(cè)我們?cè)诼?tīng)說(shuō)讀寫等方面的能力水平。
做官方??架浖膬r(jià)值何在?
做官方??架浖喈?dāng)于一種身體檢查,檢查身體是否出了問(wèn)題。如果體檢檢測(cè)出我們的身體某個(gè)器官(或者某個(gè)功能)出現(xiàn)了問(wèn)題,反復(fù)做檢測(cè)是否能夠幫助我們恢復(fù)健康呢?同理,在備考過(guò)程中,一開(kāi)始就直接做一套(甚至是N套)官方??架浖欠衲軌蛱岣呶覀冏陨淼?語(yǔ)言)能力呢?
答案是不能。那么把官方??架浖鳛榫毩?xí)的素材呢?比如仔細(xì)研究官方模考軟件閱讀,精聽(tīng)官方??架浖?tīng)力?
官方模考軟件作為官方題目,題目?jī)?nèi)容和難度是最接近真題的,是非常權(quán)威的材料。選擇官方模考軟件內(nèi)容作為練習(xí)素材,可以熟悉考試相關(guān)話題。
比如聽(tīng)力部分的學(xué)術(shù)講座、閱讀中的常見(jiàn)話題和題材、口語(yǔ)和寫作題目等。
那接下來(lái)的問(wèn)題就是:有了練習(xí)的素材,有效的練習(xí)方式是怎樣的?如果跟平常??嫉姆绞揭粯樱瑑H僅是做題,然后對(duì)答案,這跟???反復(fù)檢測(cè))有什么區(qū)別嗎?所謂的“仔細(xì)研究”、“精聽(tīng)”如何操作?怎樣的研究程度是“仔細(xì)”?如何做到”精聽(tīng)”?
本質(zhì)上,這是一個(gè)關(guān)于“如何通過(guò)練習(xí)有效提高能力”的問(wèn)題。因?yàn)椤肮俜侥?架浖念}目在檢測(cè)考生的某一項(xiàng)或某幾項(xiàng)能力”,通過(guò)??紮z測(cè)出問(wèn)題之后,我們需要做的是分析問(wèn)題背后的能力缺陷,針對(duì)缺陷解決問(wèn)題。
實(shí)例講解托福備考做??碱}的原理機(jī)制
以閱讀為例。在托??荚囍?,一篇文章有10道題目,??贾箢}目分析,其中一些詞匯題單純考察詞匯;一些“事實(shí)信息題”需要我們讀懂重點(diǎn)句子,理解句子。
句子插入題需要我們能理解句子和句子之間的關(guān)系,這個(gè)關(guān)系不僅僅是語(yǔ)義上的,還有邏輯上的;最后一道文章大意題需要我們理解全文的結(jié)構(gòu)、重點(diǎn)信息等。
想要做好這些題目,其實(shí)需要訓(xùn)練的能力無(wú)非是:認(rèn)知和理解詞匯的能力、理解單個(gè)句子的能力、理解句子和句子之間、段落與段落之間的語(yǔ)義和邏輯關(guān)系的能力等。
因?yàn)轭}目在檢測(cè)考生的某一項(xiàng)或某幾項(xiàng)能力,所以題目做錯(cuò)時(shí),我們通過(guò)分析題目背后相對(duì)應(yīng)的能力,清楚自己的能力缺陷后,再針對(duì)這些缺陷進(jìn)行專項(xiàng)的練習(xí)和訓(xùn)練。詞匯題基本還要靠蒙的時(shí)候,踏踏實(shí)實(shí)找本詞匯書(shū),把詞匯搞定之后再去做題。
讀句子有時(shí)能理解大概意思,有的時(shí)候不知道在說(shuō)什么,針對(duì)句子做練習(xí),分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)、語(yǔ)法成分以及中文意思是什么,句子讀著不費(fèi)勁,才知道文章在說(shuō)什么,題目在問(wèn)什么。
如果想弄清楚全文在講什么,可以試著在讀的時(shí)候,做閱讀筆記,梳理句子與句子之間、段落與段落之間的關(guān)系。
使用官方??架浖鳛榫毩?xí)素材時(shí),如果只是所謂的“仔細(xì)研究”恐怕還不夠,至少?gòu)脑~匯-句子-關(guān)系(語(yǔ)義和邏輯)等層面進(jìn)行練習(xí)才能解決能力問(wèn)題。
聽(tīng)力、口語(yǔ)和寫作同理。
綜上所述,備考托福不能直接從官方??架浖_(kāi)始,官方模考軟件可以用來(lái)??迹瑱z測(cè)自身情況;用來(lái)當(dāng)練習(xí)素材時(shí),就需要注意練習(xí)的正確姿勢(shì)才行了。
托??荚噺?fù)習(xí)攻略之寫作語(yǔ)法常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤
托福寫作常用語(yǔ)法有哪些?
一、名詞(N.)
名詞是一個(gè)詞,主要充當(dāng)“主”和“賓”。其實(shí),名詞還可以是一個(gè)句子(即:一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)主句中的一個(gè)名詞)。由于名詞主要用作“主”和“賓”,故常見(jiàn)的名詞性句子有:“主語(yǔ)從句”和“賓語(yǔ)從句”。
二、動(dòng)詞(V.)
動(dòng)詞主要充當(dāng)“謂”,在句法中,動(dòng)詞的主要表現(xiàn)形式是——“非謂語(yǔ)”:ING(主動(dòng))、ED(被動(dòng))、To do(不定式)。
三、形容詞(Adj.)
形容詞常用來(lái)修飾名詞,形容詞也可以是一個(gè)句子(即:一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)主句中的一個(gè)形容詞)。由于形容詞主要用作“定語(yǔ)”,故常見(jiàn)的形容詞性句子有:定語(yǔ)從句(限定性 & 非限定性)。
四、副詞(Adv.)
副詞的基本功能是修飾動(dòng)詞(V.)和形容詞(Adj.),同時(shí)也可以用來(lái)修飾整個(gè)句子,起強(qiáng)調(diào)、突出的作用。副詞最大的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)就是:被刪去后,不影響主句的完整。在英語(yǔ)世界里,也存在這樣一類副詞性的句子,叫做狀語(yǔ)從句。
托福寫作常見(jiàn)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤
1、不一致(Disagreements)所謂不一致不光指主謂不一致,它還包括了數(shù)的不一致時(shí)態(tài)不一致及代詞不一致等。
2、修飾語(yǔ)錯(cuò)位(Misplaced Modifiers)英語(yǔ)與漢語(yǔ)不同,同一個(gè)修飾語(yǔ)置于句子不同的位置,句子的含義可能引起變化。
3、句子不完整(Sentence Fragments)在口語(yǔ)中,交際雙方可借助手勢(shì)語(yǔ)氣上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解??墒菚?shū)面語(yǔ)就不同了,句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整會(huì)令意思表達(dá)不清,這種情況常常發(fā)生在主句寫完以后。
4、懸垂修飾語(yǔ)(Dangling Modifiers)所謂懸垂修飾語(yǔ)是指句首的短語(yǔ)與后面句子的邏輯關(guān)系混亂不清。例如:At the age of ten, my grandfather died. 這句中“at the age of ten”只點(diǎn)出十歲時(shí),但沒(méi)有說(shuō)明“ 誰(shuí)”十歲時(shí)。按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我們把這個(gè)懸垂修飾語(yǔ)改明確一點(diǎn),全句就不那么費(fèi)解了。
5.詞性誤用(Misuse of Parts of Speech)“詞性誤用”常表現(xiàn)為:介詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用;形容詞當(dāng)副詞用;名詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用等。
6、指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns)指代不清主要講的是代詞與被指代的人或物關(guān)系不清,或者先后所用的代詞不一致。
7、不間斷句子(Run-on Sentences)什么叫run-on sentence?請(qǐng)看下面的例句。
8、措詞毛病(Troubles in Diction)Diction 是指在特定的句子中如何適當(dāng)?shù)剡x用詞語(yǔ)的問(wèn)題,作文中用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤比比皆是。
9、累贅(Redundancy)言以簡(jiǎn)潔為貴。寫句子沒(méi)有一個(gè)多余的詞;寫段落沒(méi)有一個(gè)無(wú)必要的句子。能用單詞的不用詞組;能用詞組的不用從句或句子。
10、不連貫(Incoherence)不連貫是指一個(gè)句子前言不對(duì)后語(yǔ),或是結(jié)構(gòu)上不暢通。這也是考生常犯的毛病。
11、綜合性語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤(Comprehensive Misusage)所謂“綜合性語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤”,是指除了上述十種錯(cuò)誤以外,還有諸如時(shí)態(tài),語(yǔ)態(tài),標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào),大小寫等方面的錯(cuò)誤。
托福寫作語(yǔ)法不會(huì)用怎么辦?
托福作文語(yǔ)法有問(wèn)題,看語(yǔ)法書(shū)其實(shí)解決的問(wèn)題有限。
方法一:語(yǔ)法問(wèn)題可以通過(guò)做翻譯句子練習(xí)??梢哉业叫赂拍?冊(cè)的課文,練習(xí)中文翻譯成英文,可以幫助你理解語(yǔ)法。
方法二:直接找好的托福寫作范文,先翻譯成中文,再翻譯回去,把每個(gè)句子弄明白
方法三:對(duì)于動(dòng)詞的用法,通常我們的學(xué)習(xí)是要大量背誦的。而且注意背誦的時(shí)候不要只背單詞,要背詞組。所以大家可以多背誦一些動(dòng)詞詞組。
方法四:你可以摘抄外國(guó)人寫的文章里的動(dòng)詞詞組。這是可以短期突擊的。
托福寫作解析:祖父母與年輕人
托福寫作題目及話題:
祖父母
The advice from grandparents have no use for their grandchildren because the world has changed a lot during the past 50 years.
托福寫作思路解析:
題目大意:在過(guò)去的50年里,世界改變了太多,所以祖父母的建議對(duì)于年輕人來(lái)說(shuō)已經(jīng)沒(méi)用了。此題目無(wú)論觀點(diǎn)如何,想理由都不容易,所以解題的關(guān)鍵在于抓住題目中的抽象詞“改變”或“建議”對(duì)其進(jìn)行拆分舉例。波波建議選擇同意,然后爸改變拆分在工作和求學(xué)方面,主思路就是去說(shuō)祖父母的建議在這兩個(gè)方面沒(méi)有價(jià)值了。
托福寫作參考范文
Throughout the gradual changes occurring to the whole human society, the value of advice from the older generation has become one of the most controversial issues among the general public. Many youngsters are the strong supporters of the claim that the huge changes in the past half century has made the suggestions from grandparents useless. As far as I am concerned, the advice from the senior is not worth following, which is particularly true of hunting for an ideal job and receiving education.
To begin with, consider the job-hunting. With the further specification of industries, an increasing amount of new careers and job position are created, some of which are out of the understanding of the old people. For example, because of the remarkable booming of internet companies, the professional video gamers, which are considered inferior by the senior, has become a job which enjoy great popularity among the young. As a result, the standard of judging whether a job is good or not has changed a lot so that the advice from grandparents about choosing a decent job is outdated. According to a survey conducted by a newspaper titiled China Daily among 1,000 people aged over 60 about the ideal job they consider, more than 95% of the surveyed vote for the so-called iron-bowl jobs such as teachers and civil servants, which has become obsolete to some extent. Therefore, the lack of knowledge about the modern job markets makes grandparents unable to provide feasible guidance for their grandchildren.
托??荚噺?fù)習(xí)攻略之寫作同義詞替換
托福寫作同義詞替換:中性動(dòng)詞
1.導(dǎo)致:v. cause, bring about, give rise to, lead to, generate, create,Be a contributing factor to
2.認(rèn)為:v. point out, argue, claim, assert, think, consider
3.強(qiáng)調(diào):v. emphasize, bring/call attention to, accentuate, heighten,strengthen
4.集中:v. focus on, concentrate on
5.解決:v. combat, address, tackle, resolve, solve
6.從事:v. carry out, conduct, perform
7.承認(rèn):v. concede, admit, acknowledge, accept, allow, grant
正向動(dòng)詞
1.支持:v. support, advocate, agree with
2.增加:v. increase, grow, rise, enlarge
n. increase, growth, rise,enlargement
3.改善:v. improve, enhance, upgrade, boost
n. improvement, enhancement, boom
4.擴(kuò)張:v. expand, enlarge, extend, widen, broaden
n. expansion, enlargement,extension
5.提高:v. augment, increase, develop, intensify
n. augment, increase, development
6.發(fā)展:v. develop, advance, grow, evolve, flourish
n. development, advancement,growth, flourishing
7.產(chǎn)生:v. develop, come into being/existence, come about
8.獲得:v. acquire, gain, get, obtain, attain
9.執(zhí)行:v. implement, execute, put into effect, perform
n. implementation, performance
10.實(shí)現(xiàn):v. achieve, fulfill, gain, accomplish, attain
n. achievement, accomplishment,attainment
11.開(kāi)始:v. commence, begin, start
n. commencement, beginning,start
12. 促進(jìn):v. promote, further, advance, encourage, stimulate, foster
n. promotion, advancement
13.鼓勵(lì):v. stimulate, encourage, act as stimulus, motivate
n. encouragement, incentive,motivation
14.喚起:v. arouse, cause, induce, prompt, trigger, spark off
15.需要:v. call for, demand, require
16. 取代:v. replace, take the place of, substitute for
n. replacement, substitutionfor, in place of
17. 加快:v. accelerate, speed up, quicken
n. Acceleration, speeding up
18. 減輕:v. abate, lessen, reduce, alleviate, mitigate
n. abatement, lessening,alleviation, mitigation
19. 保護(hù):v. protect, preserve, conserve
n. protection, preservation,conservation
20.保衛(wèi):v. safeguard, defend, shield
n. safeguard, defence, shelter
21. 建立:v. establish, set up, found, construct
n. establishment, foundation,construction
22. 遵守(規(guī)則,法律):abide by, comply with, follow, respect, act in accordance with
23. 允許:v. allow, permit, give the means to, facilitate
托福寫作必背同義詞_負(fù)向動(dòng)詞
1.反對(duì):v. object, raise objections, oppose
2.減少:v. decrease, lower, reduce, cut down
n. decrease, reduction, drop, decline
3. 耗盡:v. deplete, exhaust, use up
n. depletion, exhaustion, usingup,
4. 阻礙:v. hamper, hinder, obstruct, impede, inhibit
n. hindrance, obstruction,obstacle, impediment
5.限制:v. limit, curb, restrict, place a limit on
n. limit, restriction
6. 危及:v. endanger, imperil, jeopardize, put at risk
7. 衰?。簐. deteriorate, degrade, degenerate, rot
n. deterioration, degeneration
8. 惡化:v. exacerbate, aggravate, worsen, inflame
n. exacerbation, aggravation,worsening
9. 加劇:v. intensify, escalate, sharpen, aggravate
n. escalation, intensification,aggravation
10.破壞:v. damage, destroy, ruin, devastate
n. damage, destruction, ruin,devastation
adj. devastating, destructive
11. 污染:v. pollute, contaminate
n. pollution, contamination
12. 敗壞:v. pervert, corrupt, deprave, lead astray, debase
13.扭曲:v. distort, pervert, misrepresent, falsify, misstate, misreport
14.削弱:v. weaken, undermine, impair, invalidate
15. 干涉:v. interfere in/with, intervene in, impinge on/upon(侵犯)
n.interference/intervention/involvement in/with
16. 侵犯:v. encroach on/upon (time/rights/personal life)
n. encroachment on/upon =impinging on/upon
17. 與···相違背/相矛盾:run counter to = run contrary to
Contradict (each other)= conflict with =be at odds with sth
18.誤解:v. misunderstand, misapprehend, misinterpret
n. misunderstanding,misapprehension, misinterpretation
19. 逃避:v. escape, break out, evade, elude
20.遭受:v. suffer from, be stricken with, be afflicted with
21.違反:v. violate, disobey, transgress, infringe
n. violation, infringement,contravention, breach
22. 忽視:v. lose sight of, ignore, neglect
23.疏遠(yuǎn):v. alienate, isolate, become/get estranged from
n. alienation, isolation,estrangement
托福寫作必背同義詞_其他重要的同義詞代換
1.大量的:enormous, massive, tremendous, considerable
2.重要的:significant, substantial, crucial, important
3.嚴(yán)重的:adj. severe, serious, acute, drastic
adv. severely, seriously,acutely, drastically
4. 有害的:adj. hazardous, dangerous, harmful
5. 貧窮的:adj. poor, poverty-stricken, destitute, impoverished
6. 富有的:adj. rich, wealthy, affluent
7. 差距:n. gap, disparity, divergence
8. 積極的:beneficial, advantageous
9.消極的:baneful, detrimental
10. 明顯的:manifest, obvious, evident, apparent
11. 影響:impact, repercussion, effect, ramification
12. 人類:the human race, human being, humankind, humanity
13. 當(dāng)代:in current society, in this day and age, in present-day society,in contemporary society
14. 傳統(tǒng)的:traditional, conventional, old-fashioned
15. 健康的:healthy, vigorous, robust
16. 有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的:nutritious, nourishing, wholesome, healthy