為什么總定位不到雅思閱讀出題點

在雅思閱讀考試，定位是非常重要的一個細節(jié)。相信大家也看過很多有關(guān)雅思閱讀定位技巧方法的文章，但是真正做題的時候大家還是經(jīng)常會抓不住重點，這是為什么呢?小編今天就帶大家來看清這些真相。

雅思閱讀：為什么總定位不到雅思閱讀出題點?

真相1：心態(tài)緊張，視線模糊

烤鴨心理太緊張了，一味的追求速度，心理想著：快快快!我要比火箭快!于是，緊張的心理，模糊了視線，于是在考場上，閱讀的文章，變成了介樣：

烤鴨萌，你一緊張，閱讀文章變成了介樣，請問你怎么可能定位得粗來呢?所以，做閱讀第一步，心態(tài)調(diào)整好，別那么緊張，閱讀的速度其實，不用那么快的!剛開始定位第一題時可以稍稍慢點，沒關(guān)系，或者看第一組題目，如果有好定位的題(出現(xiàn)特殊關(guān)鍵詞)，可以優(yōu)先定位好定位的題，然后再結(jié)合題文同序的原則定位。

在原詞出現(xiàn)的情況下，定位有兩個層次：

1)特殊詞定位，這一步一定要快且準確，快速鎖定出題點，特殊詞定位必須全拿下;

2)沒有特殊詞，名詞定位，用有‘新意’的名詞定位(具體課上會解釋)。名詞定位，如果長難句處理能力強的同學，去定位時：首先結(jié)合題文同序的原則，大致圈定出題點后，每個句子快速掃主語和賓語，因為主語和賓語基本都是名詞，可以快速找到;如果烤鴨本身句子結(jié)構(gòu)和成分掌握得不好的，那就‘硬掃’，把眼睛當成掃描儀，確保每個單詞都看到，但是不用用腦去想每個單詞的意思，直到快速掃到這個詞為止。

其他定位方式，課上會詳細解釋，這里暫略。

真相2：定位信息不要只停留在題目上，預測原文也可以定位

考試中一定有些題目，是烤鴨看到之后不知道怎么定位的，因為這樣的題目，關(guān)鍵詞太難畫了。如下例：

例：What is the smallest species of Bovid called?

學生看到介個題目，內(nèi)心是奔潰的。怎么定位呢?Bovid是文章主題詞，文章多次重復出現(xiàn)，不具備定位的價值。找smallest species,文中壓根木有出現(xiàn)啊。怎么定位呢?這個時候，其實可以預測答案和原文的形式，來定位。談到一個物種的大小，要么就是說高度，要么就是說重量，是不是?所以，結(jié)合題文同序的原則，去文中快速鎖定出現(xiàn)講身高或是體重的地方，快速定位，預測一下看是不是出題點。文中符合這個特點的原文是：

This diversity of habitat is also matched by great diversity in size and form: at one extreme is the royal antelope of west Africa, which stands a mere 25 cm at the shoulder; at the other, the massively built bisons of North America and Europe, growing to a shoulder height of 2.2m.

(答案：royal antelope)

所以，烤鴨們，請記住通過預測答案在文中的信息和表現(xiàn)方式，也是可以定位的哦。

真相3：定位不光是找某個詞，學霸們的定位其實是在快速掃讀原文

為什么要掃讀原文?我剛剛講過，考試時，關(guān)鍵詞原詞出現(xiàn)的題數(shù)大約是25-30題，看人品決定。原詞出現(xiàn)的，你硬掃也要掃到關(guān)鍵詞哦。但是，文中可能不只一個地方出現(xiàn)了關(guān)鍵詞，所以要快速掃讀出現(xiàn)了關(guān)鍵詞的地方，快速提主干，理解大意，通過意思來確定是否是出題點。這就是我強調(diào)的，為什么題目要先讀懂，再畫關(guān)鍵詞去定位，因為要通過意思才能確定是否是出題點，這是掃讀的原因之一。

原因之二，考官在設(shè)置題目的時候，會劃分難度，以來選拔不同程度的學生。所以，大約有10道題左右的題目，很難找到一樣的關(guān)鍵詞，只能通過意思，識別同義替換來定位。當然，這樣的題目在定位時還是要結(jié)合題文同序的原則，先大概鎖定出題點的大概段落，再去快速掃讀句子，弄清大意，通過意思，通過識別同義替換來定位。雅思閱讀中的同義替換也有幾種情況，烤鴨們心里也需要門清的，閱讀考試中，同義替換的有以下幾種形式：

同義詞組/近義詞組互換

詞性互轉(zhuǎn)(如loss-lost, confidence-confident)

抽象具體/上下義詞的同義替換(如fire fighting tools-- fire engine, helicopter等)

類似summary的高度總結(jié)和概括

(以上內(nèi)容，請具體參閱‘雅思語言’那篇文章)

最大真相：定位不到，其實就是實力有待提高，踏踏實實，提升實力

實力提升，需要詞匯+長難句，有一定的詞匯基礎(chǔ)之后，更重要的是提升句子結(jié)構(gòu)處理的能力，快速處理長難句的能力，并且看句子時，不要只是停留在英文的表面，要理解!理解!理解!理解就是反應出中文意思來。

雅思考試閱讀模擬練習及答案

From The Economist print edition

How shops can exploit people’s herd mentality to increase sales

1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (that is， how ants， bees or any social animal， including humans， behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy.

2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome， Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani， a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology， described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted： for instance， by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store， forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes， also of the Florida Institute of Technology， set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that， if a certain product is seen to be popular， shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying.

3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani’s supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag， a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information， and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods， a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high， he is more likely to select it too.

4. Mr Usmani’s “swarm-moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts. And it gives shoppers the satisfaction of knowing that they bought the “right” product—that is， the one everyone else bought. The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world， mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets. But Mr Usmani says that both Wal-Mart in America and Tesco in Britain are interested in his work， and testing will get under way in the spring.

5. Another recent study on the power of social influence indicates that sales could， indeed， be boosted in this way. Matthew Salganik of Columbia University in New York and his colleagues have described creating an artificial music market in which some 14，000 people downloaded previously unknown songs. The researchers found that when people could see the songs ranked by how many times they had been downloaded， they followed the crowd. When the songs were not ordered by rank， but the number of times they had been downloaded was displayed， the effect of social influence was still there but was less pronounced. People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so.

6. In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueen has been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and research companies. The shops sell only the most popular items in each product category， and the rankings are updated weekly. Icosystem， a company in Cambridge， Massachusetts， also aims to exploit knowledge of social networking to improve sales.

7. And the psychology that works in physical stores is just as potent on the internet. Online retailers such as Amazon are adept at telling shoppers which products are popular with like-minded consumers. Even in the privacy of your home， you can still be part of the swarm.

雅思考試閱讀模擬練習及答案

Questions 1-6

Complete the sentences below with words taken from the reading passage. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

1. Shopowners realize that the smell of _______________ can increase sales of food products.

2. In shops， products shelved at a more visible level sell better even if they are more _______________.

3. According to Mr. Usmani， with the use of “swarm intelligence” phenomenon， a new method can be applied to encourage _______________.

4. On the way to everyday items at the back of the store， shoppers might be tempted to buy _______________.

5. If the number of buyers shown on the _______________ is high， other customers tend to follow them.

6. Using the “swarm-moves” model， shopowners do not have to give customers _______________ to increase sales.

Questions 7-12

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 7-12 write

YES if the statement agrees with the information

NO if the statement contraicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage

7. Radio frequency identification technology has been installed experimentally in big supermarkets like Wal-Mart.

8. People tend to download more unknown songs than songs they are familiar with.

9. Songs ranked high by the number of times being downloaded are favored by customers.

10. People follow the others to the same extent whether it is convenient or not.

11. Items sold in some Japanese stores are simply chosen according to the sales data of other shops.

12. Swarm intelligence can also be observed in everyday life.

Answer keys：

1. 答案：(freshly baked) bread. (第1段第2 行：Shoppers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they intended.)

2. 答案：expensive. (第1段第4 行： Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors.)

3. 答案：impulse buying. (第2段第1 句：At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome， Zeeshan- ul- hassan Usmani， a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology， described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon.)

4. 答案：other (tempting) goods/things/products. (第2段第2 句：Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted： for instance， by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store， forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them.)

5. 答案：screen. (第3段第4 行：As a customer walks past a shelf of goods， a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high， he is more likely to select it too.)

6. 答案：discounts. (第4段第第1句：Mr Usmani’s “swarm- moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts.)

7. 答案：NO. (第4段第3、4 句：The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world， mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets. But Mr Usmani says that both Wal- Mart in America an Tesco in Britain are interestd in his workd， and testing will get under way in the spring. 短語 “get under way”的意思是“開始進行”，在Wal-Mart的試驗要等到春天才開始)

8. 答案：NOT GIVEN. (在文中沒有提及該信息)

9. 答案：YES。 (第5段第3 句：The reseachers found that when people could see the songs ranked by how many times they have been downloaded， they followed the crowd.)

10. 答案：NO。 (第5段最后兩句：When the songs are not ordered by rank， but the number of times they had been downloaded was displayed， the effect of social influence was still there but was less pronounced. People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so. pronounced 的詞義是“顯著的、明顯的”)

11. 答案：YES。 (第6段第1 句：In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueen has been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and research companies.)

12. 答案：YES。 (最后一段最后一句：Even in the privacy of your home， you can still be part of the swarm. home應該算是everyday life的一部分