GRE閱讀長(zhǎng)篇文章特點(diǎn)和快速閱讀技巧分析講解

GRE閱讀長(zhǎng)篇文章特點(diǎn)和快速閱讀技巧分析講解，我們一起來看看吧，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

GRE閱讀長(zhǎng)篇文章特點(diǎn)和快速閱讀技巧分析講解

GRE閱讀長(zhǎng)篇文章文體特征介紹

GRE閱讀文章一般為議論文體，而議論文與其他文體的最大差別在于，寫作目的是傳達(dá)作者對(duì)于某個(gè)問題的觀點(diǎn)。大家在讀GRE閱讀文章的過程中第一要?jiǎng)?wù)，必須要判斷當(dāng)前的句子到底是表達(dá)的作者觀點(diǎn)，還是表述事實(shí)信息，而前者的優(yōu)先級(jí)要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于后者。請(qǐng)注意，最重要的信息是作者的觀點(diǎn)，而不是從其他張三李四王二麻子嘴里說出來的話。

我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的句子往往簡(jiǎn)單，很多時(shí)候用一些褒貶形容詞就可以說清楚，而表述事實(shí)的句子往往復(fù)雜，涉及到實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象與數(shù)據(jù)、歷史年代與事件等。對(duì)于復(fù)雜的事實(shí)信息，我們知道它們的作用比知道它們到底是什么內(nèi)容更重要。

GRE閱讀長(zhǎng)篇文章技巧：弄清主題

弄清楚這篇文章的主角(即被討論對(duì)象)到底是什么，一篇GRE閱讀文章的主角不一定是一個(gè)具體的人或者事物，也可以是某種抽象的機(jī)制。主角其實(shí)就一個(gè)，而龍?zhí)淄幸淮蠖选Ｔ谄?，主角較龍?zhí)淄膊徽純?yōu)勢(shì)，龍?zhí)鬃鳛檎撟C手段，有其存在的必要性。

然而,作為龍?zhí)椎哪且淮蠖鸭?xì)節(jié)重要性是較低的，不是閱讀的重點(diǎn)，也不是命題的重點(diǎn)。大家在閱讀的過程中，一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)有些復(fù)雜的內(nèi)容所描述的對(duì)象其實(shí)是龍?zhí)?，那么這些內(nèi)容一概略讀。這個(gè)問題在GRE閱讀名篇《伊斯蘭宗教法》中體現(xiàn)得非常明顯，有興趣的讀者可以體會(huì)一下。

GRE閱讀長(zhǎng)篇文章技巧：找到觀點(diǎn)

大多數(shù)文章的作者為了闡述自身的觀點(diǎn)，會(huì)在文中引入對(duì)立面。首先，這種對(duì)立面可以體現(xiàn)為反派的觀點(diǎn)，我們經(jīng)常稱之為老觀點(diǎn)。這種老觀點(diǎn)本身是次要的，而文章中用于支持老觀點(diǎn)的細(xì)節(jié)就更加次要。所以，這些內(nèi)容只需略讀;其次，這種對(duì)立面也可以體現(xiàn)為文章在論述過程中用到的讓步成分。有些讓步成分內(nèi)容復(fù)雜，語言困難，而且沒有什么常規(guī)邏輯連詞引導(dǎo)，因此難以識(shí)別。

而一旦考生糾纏于此，那么大量的時(shí)間就無謂地浪費(fèi)掉了。對(duì)于這種情況，小站教育總結(jié)出的方法是：首先考生通過文首的主題段落或句子判斷文章的方向(比如，作者認(rèn)為某種思想到底好還是不好)，在隨后的閱讀過程中，一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)文章當(dāng)中的任何內(nèi)容所表述的方向與主題方向相反，那么這種內(nèi)容一概略讀。

GRE閱讀文章多為學(xué)術(shù)論文

一篇完整的學(xué)術(shù)論文一般包含下列幾個(gè)部分。一、引言部分：在這一部分主要告訴讀者研究對(duì)象所處的學(xué)科類別與話題范圍，研究的背景(如可行性與必要性)，以及對(duì)其他類似研究成果的介紹。

二、主體部分：該部分闡述作者自己的研究方法與理論，以及用于支持自己理論的相關(guān)實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象或歷史資料等。

三、延伸部分：在文章的尾部往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)話題的延伸，這種延伸的內(nèi)容與主體部分并不一樣，有的情況下會(huì)給主體部分的理論加一些限制補(bǔ)充的意見，使得在邏輯上更加嚴(yán)密;也有的情況下作者會(huì)提及今后進(jìn)一步研究的方向。ETS在對(duì)原始論文進(jìn)行壓縮時(shí)，為了節(jié)省篇幅，正常情況下會(huì)只取原論文的主體部分。

上述諸點(diǎn)考慮，與其說是GRE閱讀文章中的技巧，還不如說是一種基本功。道理上大家都能明白，但要把這些道理靈活地運(yùn)用到實(shí)戰(zhàn)中，還需要大量的訓(xùn)練。每當(dāng)我們的閱讀進(jìn)程被文章中某一塊難啃的骨頭(難詞、難句、難的原理)阻礙的時(shí)候，我們首先想到的不是到底怎樣去啃，而是啃這塊骨頭的價(jià)值幾何，這種文字價(jià)值甄別能力一旦練成，近則有益于高效突破GRE閱讀題，遠(yuǎn)則有益于提高大家的文獻(xiàn)快速閱讀能力。

GRE閱讀練習(xí)每日一篇

Currently, the paramount problem in the field of biomaterials, the science of replacing diseased tissue with human-made implants, is control over the interface, or surface, between implanted biomaterials and living tissues. The physical properties of most tissues can be matched by careful selection of raw materials: metals, ceramics, or several varieties of polymer materials. Even the requirement that biomaterials processed from these materials be nontoxic to host tissue can be met by techniques derived from studying the reactions of tissue cultures to biomaterials or from short-term implants. But achieving necessary matches in physical properties across interfaces between living and non-living matter requires knowledge of which molecules control the bonding of cells to each other—an area that we have not yet explored thoroughly. Although recent research has allowed us to stabilize the tissue-biomaterial interface by controlling either the chemical reactions or the microstructure of the biomaterial, our fundamental understanding of how implant devices adhere to tissues remains woefully incomplete.

17. According to the passage, the major problem currently facing scientists in the field of biomaterials is

(A) assessing and regulating the bonding between host tissue and implants

(B) controlling the transfer of potentially toxic materials across the interface of tissue and implant

(C) discovering new materials from which to construct implant devices

(D) deciding in what situations implants are needed

(E) determining the importance of short-term implants to long-term stability of tissue-implant interfaces

18. The passage suggests which of the following about the recent research mentioned in lines 19-25?

(A) It has solved one set of problems but has created another.

(B) It has concentrated on secondary concerns but has ignored primary concerns.

(C) It has improved practical applications of biomaterial technology without providing a complete theoretical explanation of that improvement.

(D) It has thoroughly investigated properties of biomaterials but has paid little attention to relevant characteristics of human tissue.

(E) It has provided considerable information on short-term implant technology but little on long-term implant technology.

19. The author’s primary purpose is to

(A) answer a theoretical question in the field of biomaterials

(B) discuss the current state of technology in the field of biomaterials

(C) resolve a research dispute in the field of biomaterial

(D) predict an ethical crisis for biomaterials researchers

(E) suggest some practical benefits of biomaterial implants

Islamic law is a particularly instructive example of “sacred law.” Islamic law is a phenomenon so different from all other forms of law—notwithstanding, of course, a considerable and inevitable number of coincidences with one or the other of them as far as subject matter and positive enactments are concerned—that its study is indispensable in order to appreciate adequately the full range of possible legal phenomena. Even the two other representatives of sacred law that are historically and geographically nearest to it, Jewish law and Roman Catholic canon law (canon law: 教會(huì)法規(guī)), are perceptibly different.

Both Jewish law and canon law are more uniform than Islamic law. Though historically there is a discernible break between Jewish law of the sovereign state of ancient Israel and of the Diaspora (the dispersion of Jewish people after the conquest of Israel), the spirit of the legal matter in later parts of the Old Testament is very close to that of the Talmud, one of the primary codifications of Jewish law in the Diaspora. Islam, on the other hand, represented a radical breakaway from the Arab paganism that preceded it; Islamic law is the result of an examination, from a religious angle, of legal subject matter that was far from uniform, comprising as it did the various components of the laws of pre-Islamic Arabia and numerous legal elements taken over from the non-Arab peoples of the conquered territories. All this was unified by being subjected to the same kind of religious scrutiny, the impact of which varied greatly, being almost nonexistent in some fields, and in others originating novel institutions. This central duality of legal subject matter and religious norm is additional to the variety of legal, ethical, and ritual rules that is typical of sacred law.

In its relation to the secular state, Islamic law differed from both Jewish and canon law. Jewish law was buttressed by the cohesion of the community, reinforced by pressure from outside; its rules are the direct expression of this feeling of cohesion, tending toward the accommodation of dissent. Canon and Islamic aw, on the contrary, were dominated by the dualism of religion and state, where the state was not, in contrast with Judaism, an alien power but the political expression of the same religion. But the conflict between state and religion took different forms; in Christianity it appeared as the struggle for political power on the part of a tightly organized ecclesiastical hierarchy, and canon law was one of its political weapons. Islamic law, on the other hand, was never supported by an organized institution; consequently, there never developed an overt trial of strength. There merely existed discordance between application of the sacred law and many of the regulations framed by Islamic states; this antagonism varied according to place and time.

20. The author’s purpose in comparing Islamic law to Jewish law and canon law is most probably to

(A) contend that traditional legal subject matter does not play a large role in Islamic law

(B) support his argument that Islamic law is a unique kind of legal phenomenon

(C) emphasize the variety of forms that can all be considered sacred law

(D) provide an example of how he believes comparative institutional study should be undertaken

(E) argue that geographical and historical proximity does not necessarily lead to parallel institutional development

21. The passage provides information to answer which of the following questions?

(A) Does Islamic law depend on sources other than Arab legal principles?

(B) What secular practices of Islamic states conflicted with Islamic law?

(C) Are Jewish law and canon law the most typical examples of sacred law?

(D) Is Jewish law more uniform than canon law?

(E) What characterized Arab law of the pre-Islamic era?

22. According to the passage, which of the following statements about sacred law is correct?

(A) The various systems of sacred law originated in a limited geographical area.

(B) The various systems of sacred law have had marked influence on one another.

(C) Systems of sacred law usually rely on a wide variety of precedents.

(D) Systems of sacred law generally contain prescriptions governing diverse aspects of human activity.

(E) Systems of sacred law function most effectively in communities with relatively small populations.

23. It can be inferred from the passage that the application of Islamic law in Islamic states has

(A) systematically been opposed by groups who believe it is contrary to their interests

(B) suffered irreparably from the lack of firm institutional backing

(C) frequently been at odds with the legal activity of government institutions

(D) remained unaffected by the political forces operating alongside it

(E) benefited from the fact that it never experienced a direct confrontation with the state

24. Which of the following most accurately describes the organization of the passage?

(A) A universal principle is advanced and then discussed in relation to a particular historical phenomenon.

(B) A methodological innovation is suggested and then examples of its efficacy are provided.

(C) A traditional interpretation is questioned and then modified to include new data.

(D) A general opinion is expressed and then supportive illustrations are advanced.

(E) A controversial viewpoint is presented and then both supportive evidence and contradictory evidence are cited.

25. The passage implies that the relationship of Islamic, Jewish, and canon law is correctly described by which of the following statements?

I. Because each constitutes an example of sacred law, they necessarily share some features.

II. They each developed in reaction to the interference of secular political institutions.

III. The differences among them result partly from their differing emphasis on purely ethical rules.

(A) I only

(B) III only

(C) I and II only

(D) II and III only

(E) I, II, and III

26. The passage suggests that canon law differs from Islamic law in that only canon law

(A) contains prescriptions that nonsacred legal systems might regard as properly legal

(B) concerns itself with the duties of a person in regard to the community as a whole

(C) was affected by the tension of the conflict between religion and state

(D) developed in a political environment that did not challenge its fundamental existence

(E) played a role in the direct confrontation between institutions vying for power

27. All of the following statements about the development of Islamic law are implied in the passage EXCEPT:

(A) Pre-Islamic legal principles were incorporated into Islamic law with widely differing degrees of change.

(B) Diverse legal elements were joined together through the application of a purely religious criterion.

(C) Although some of the sources of Islamic law were pagan, its integrity as a sacred law was not compromised by their incorporation.

(D) There was a fundamental shared characteristic in all pre-Islamic legal matter taken over by Islamic law.

(E) Although Islam emerged among the Arabs, Islamic law was influenced by ethnically diverse elements.

答案：17-27：ACBBADCDAED

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