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托?？荚噦淇奸喿x理解1

待插入句子】 This process of speciation and colonization could have been repeated over and over again, gradually involving all the islands in the chain.

【待插入段落】The species on the Galapagos Islands today, most of which occur nowhere else, descended from organisms that floated, flew, or were blown over the sea from the South American mainland. For instance, the Galapagos island chain has a total of thirteen species of closely related birds called Galapagos finches. These birds have many similarities but differ in their feeding habits and their beak type, which is correlated with what they eat. Accumulated evidence indicates that all thirteen finch species evolved from a single small population of ancestral birds that colonized one of the islands. Completely isolated on the island after migrating from the mainland, the founder population may have undergone significant changes in its gene pool and become a new species. [■] Later, a few individuals of this new species may have been blown by storms to a neighboring island. [■]Isolated on this second island, the second founder population could have evolved into a second new species, which could later recolonize the island from which its founding population emigrated.[■]Today each Galapagos island has multiple species of finches, with as many as ten on some islands.[■]

1.答案：3rd square;

2.待插入句子：這個分化和殖民的過程會被不斷重復(fù)，逐漸地包含所有的島嶼。

3.待插入段落：1st, 在G群島上的物種們(大部分在別處都不存在)，起源于一些生物(它們漂浮/飛或者被吹過來)2nd, 舉個例子，G群島共有13種關(guān)系緊密的鳥類(叫G flinches)。3rd, 這些鳥兒在飲食習性及嘴巴類型上有差異(這和它們的食物相匹配)。4th, 越來越多證據(jù)表明，13種鳥都來自一種古代鳥。5th, 完全隔絕在島上，最初的群體經(jīng)歷了巨大的改變(在基因庫)，并變成了新物種。

6th, 之后，(新物種的)一些個體被風暴吹到了臨近的島嶼。

7th, 在這第二個島上被隔離，第二個founder population進化出第二個新物種(它們后來重新占領(lǐng)了那個島——它們的祖先就是從這里移居出去的)。

8th, 現(xiàn)在，每個G島都有好多種類的flinches。

4.分析：待插入句子提到了this process，所以要有指代，而且說的是不斷分化和殖民的過程，看起來是比較概括性的說法，前面應(yīng)該對這個過程有具體闡述。

在段落中，前面第一句話是總起的Topic Sentence; 之后舉具體的例子，開始描述G群島上鳥類的分化過程，5th～7th具體講了如何從最初的鳥分化到更多，所以正好放在7th后面，8th開始講分化之后的結(jié)果，正好銜接起來。

詞匯積累

descended from 起源于

differ in 有差異

correlated with 和...相符

founder 創(chuàng)建者

托?？荚噦淇奸喿x理解2

題目：European Green Crab: Tough Survivor

大致內(nèi)容

GreenCrab，原產(chǎn)地在歐洲西海岸，但通過shiptransportation的方式逐漸widespread the world。它能夠生存是因為對環(huán)境有適應(yīng)力，適應(yīng)溫度能力較強，食物來源廣泛，繁殖能力很強，并且因為體型較小，人類不會進行捕殺。相對Asian crab and blue crab有較強競爭力。因為more robustbody?？茖W(xué)家通過實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)green crab找到食物location的能力更強，并且有更強的食物爭奪能力，雖然Asian crab is more aggressive

文章“歐洲綠色螃蟹：強悍的生存者”，主要介紹歐洲的綠色螃蟹為什么能夠隨人類到達北美和澳洲后，成為當?shù)貜姾返娜肭终?因為它們擁有多種強悍的適應(yīng)能力，各段分類介紹)。

European Green Crab: Tough Survivor重復(fù)2016.09.10上午(本年度新題)

考句：Certainly green crabs have many of the attributes that seem to be prerequisites for successful invasion, including the ability to rapidly produce large numbers of offspring (one female green crab can lay up to 185,000 eggs per clutch and can produce clutches twice a year) and the biological tools needed to survive the environmental differences from one region to the next.

解析：這是文章句子簡化題所在句。句子的難點有三：一是詞匯量大，如attributes，prerequisites;二是長難句經(jīng)典難點之并列對象的尋找(and the biological tools究竟與前面哪個成分并列，進而影響句意);三是抽象語義，即翻譯成中文也不太明白作者所指的表達，如句尾出現(xiàn)的“the biological tools needed…”，什么叫做“被需要能夠忍受從一個地區(qū)到下一個地區(qū)的不同環(huán)境差異的生物工具”，真是翻譯成中文也不明白作者在說什么(這時候需要向后文尋找抽象語義的具體對應(yīng))。結(jié)果下一句話又是一句長難句：These tools include an unusual tolerance for wide ranges of water temperature and salinity, a widely varied diet that includes mainly bivalves such as oysters, clams, and mussels but also other crabs, seaweed, aquatic worms, insects, and small fish, and an aptitude for learning new foraging techniques. (分了三個層級的多重并列和大量生詞)

托?？荚噦淇奸喿x理解3

考題1

The phrase "this respect" in the passage refers to

A. enormous variations

B. being smaller

C. number of inhabitants

D. shared characteristics

解析：

難點一，很多考生誤以為這是詞匯題，而詞匯題的通常問法是：The word/phrase "…" is closest in meaning to。這道題題干中的“refers to”表明這是代詞指代題，需要讀懂句子找清前后指代關(guān)系;

難點二，很多人不知道respect有名詞用法，=aspect，表“方面”;

難點三，回到原文讀考句，讀不懂。該句為： One may call them towns because even though they varied enormously in numbers of inhabitants, and some were smaller than large villages in this respect, they shared certain characteristics that set them off from rural settlements. 表明從居民數(shù)量的方面來看，一些城鎮(zhèn)比大村莊的居民數(shù)量還少，但它們?nèi)匀皇浅擎?zhèn)，共享著區(qū)別于村莊的某些特征。所以此題正確答案是C。

考

Because what distinguished towns from villages was not so much size as the density of economic and social activities, one writer has argued that an important criterion for town is the existence of traffic jams—the hustle and bustle of oxcarts, long lines of wagons bringing fruits and vegetables, raw materials, and finished goods to markets, and the parade of men and women coming to shop, visit, or attend meetings.

解析：

這是句子簡化題所在考句，最大考點在于“not so much A…as B”句式真正意義的考查。在這里，否定A，而肯定B。即城鎮(zhèn)區(qū)別于村莊的特征并不是其規(guī)模大小，而是其經(jīng)濟活動和社會活動的密集度。同樣的句式表達還有l(wèi)ess A than B。反過來，more A than B，就是肯定A而否定B了。這一考點在同一篇文章中又再次考到，看下題。

考題3

考句：In southern Europe there was more continuity from earlier settlement patterns. Growth came less from the creation of new towns than from the flow of immigrants to old settlements.

It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that urban growth in southern Europe was marked by

A. more people in a greater number of towns

B. more people in the same number of towns

C. development of new settlement patterns

D. movement of people into newly created towns

解析：

第一句話“In southern Europe there was more continuity from earlier settlement patterns.”屬于抽象語言，對抽象語言的理解，一靠大量閱讀的積淀，二靠向下文尋找具體對應(yīng)。此句中的抽象概念“more continuity from earlier settlement patterns”，具體對應(yīng)到下句的“the flow of immigrants to old settlements”。因為“l(fā)ess A than B”中，A是否定內(nèi)容，B才是作者重點敘述的肯定內(nèi)容。

所以綜合兩句信息來看，南歐地區(qū)城鎮(zhèn)的增長是來自于移民涌入原有的老的定居點，而不是去建造新的定居點/新城鎮(zhèn)。所以正確答案選B。