商務(wù)英語中級考試閱讀材料全新

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商務(wù)英語中級考試閱讀材料：污染嚴重

一項全球污染研究昨日發(fā)現(xiàn)，中國、印度和俄羅斯名列全球污染嚴重地區(qū)之首。

China, India and Russia top the list of the world’s most polluted places, a study of global pollution yesterday found.

在全球十大污染嚴重的地區(qū)中，上述三個國家各占兩個，而另外四個地區(qū)分別位于秘魯、烏克蘭、贊比亞和阿塞拜疆。

The three countries are each home to two of the world’s top 10 polluted sites, while the others are in Peru, Ukraine, Zambia and Azerbaijan.

臨汾和天津分別因空氣質(zhì)量糟糕和金屬工業(yè)，成為中國污染嚴重的城市。Sukinda和Vapi由于采礦業(yè)和一般工業(yè)，名列印度污染嚴重地區(qū)榜首。金屬冶煉中心諾里爾斯克和武器制造基地捷爾任斯克，是俄羅斯污染嚴重的地區(qū)。

Linfen and Tianjin are the worst polluted places in China because of poor air quality and the metal industry respectively. Sukinda and Vapi are the worst in India, the former because of mining and the latter from general industry. Norilsk, where metals are extracted, and Dzerzhinsk, home to weapons manufacture, are Russia’s most polluted locations.

鐵匠研究所(Blacksmith Institute)發(fā)布了有關(guān)全球30個污染嚴重地區(qū)的報告。該組織表示，不太可能將十大污染地區(qū)進行排序，因為每個地區(qū)的污染形式不同，而且在其地理和人口方面也存在很大差別。

The Blacksmith Institute, which produced the report on the “dirty 30” most polluted places on the planet, said it was not possible to rank the top 10 in order because of the different forms of pollution in each place and because they differed widely in their geography and population.

鐵匠研究所全球業(yè)務(wù)主管大衛(wèi)?漢拉漢(David Hanrahan)表示：“這30個污染城市都對人類健康造成很大毒害?！?/p>

“All sites in the dirty 30 are very toxic and dangerous to human health,” said David Hanrahan, director of global operations at Blacksmith.

該研究所所長理查德?富勒(Richard Fuller)稱：“事實上，這些污染地區(qū)的兒童正罹患疾病，(有些人)生命垂危，而目前還沒有解決這些問題的先進科學(xué)。”

Richard Fuller, director of the institute, said: “The fact of the matter is that children are sick and dying in these polluted places and it’s not rocket science to fix them.”

報告發(fā)現(xiàn)，在30個污染嚴重地區(qū)中，采礦業(yè)是污染主要的原因，而金屬冶煉、石化及其它工業(yè)也是污染的原因。

Mining was found to be the most frequent cause of pollution in the dirty 30 but metals extraction, petrochemicals and other industries were also to blame.

空氣污染嚴重地區(qū)分別是中國的臨汾、蘭州和烏魯木齊，俄羅斯的馬格尼托哥爾斯克，以及墨西哥城。

The worst places for air pollution were Linfen, Lanzhou and Urumqi in China, Magnitogorsk in Russia and Mexico City.

肯尼亞的丹羅拉垃圾場也榜上有名，成為城市垃圾污染嚴重的地區(qū)。

The Dandora dump in Kenya made it on to the list for being the worst site polluted by urban waste.

烏克蘭切爾諾貝利的核污染殘留物使該地區(qū)進入十大污染城市之列，吉爾吉斯斯坦的梅魯蘇地區(qū)也因其核場所而上榜。

Chernobyl’s legacy of nuclear contamination put the region in the top 10, and Mailuu-Suu in Kyrgyzstan was also judged one of the worst polluted for its nuclear site

商務(wù)英語中級考試閱讀材料：中國航空貨運業(yè)

中國制造業(yè)的顯著增長，促使航空貨運公司爭相發(fā)展其在華業(yè)務(wù)。然而，這可能成為一個業(yè)務(wù)規(guī)模擴張過大、速度過快的案例。

China’s spectacular manufacturing growth has left air freight carriers scrambling to develop their activities in the country. But it could be a case of too much, too soon.

兩年前，從南京或上?？者\貨物至歐洲，每公斤運費高達4美元;如今的價格約為2.50美元。南京祿口機場副總經(jīng)理徐勇表示：“在此項業(yè)務(wù)上仍有錢賺的航空公司非常少見。”

Two years ago, flying goods from Nanjing or Shanghai to Europe cost up to $4 a kilogramme; today it the price is about $2.50. “Very few carriers are still making money here,’’ says Xu Yong, vice-president of Nanjing airport.

由于機隊擴張速度繼續(xù)超出需求，航空公司正加劇中國一些機場的擁堵問題。徐勇警告稱：“我們現(xiàn)在的飛機數(shù)量實在是太多了?！?/p>

As fleet expansion continues to outpace demand, carriers are adding to congestion problems at some Chinese airports. “We have just far too many planes now”Mr Xu warns.

荷蘭航空公司Martinair副總裁弗蘭克?德容(Frank de Jong)表示，中國空運貨物出口量正以每年約10%的速度增長，而飛機貨物運力的增幅約為25%。

Frank de Jong, vice-president at Martinair, the Dutch carrier, says the volume of Chinese exports by air is growing by about 10 per cent a year but aircraft cargo capacity is rising by about 25 per cent.

在亞洲，約半數(shù)貨物在運輸時都是放在定期客運航班的腹艙內(nèi)。例如，在客運航空公司中，大韓航空(Korean Airlines)擁有全球規(guī)模的貨運業(yè)務(wù)，其28%的收入來自航空貨運業(yè)務(wù)。

In Asia, about half of cargo transported is carried in the belly of regular passenger flights. Korean Airlines, for example, has the world’s largest cargo business among passenger airlines, with 28 per cent of its revenue coming from air freight.

在美國，大部分航空貨運業(yè)務(wù)由以UPS和聯(lián)邦快遞(FedEx)為首的專業(yè)貨運公司負責(zé)。中國政府近已進一步放寬了對上述兩家公司的準入限制。

In the US, the bulk of air cargo is handled by the specialist freight industry, led by UPS and FedEx. The Chinese government has recently granted greater access to the two companies.

瑞士信貸(Credit Suisse)分析師彼得?希爾頓(Peter Hilton)表示：“美國公司可以向中國體系內(nèi)注入更多運力，并承接向來由亞洲航空公司包攬的貨運業(yè)務(wù)?！?/p>

Peter Hilton, analyst at Credit Suisse, says: “The Americans are being allowed to inject more capacity into the Chinese system and moving goods that would have traditionally gone to Asian carriers.”

中國政府已加大其發(fā)展國內(nèi)航空貨運業(yè)的努力，鼓勵國內(nèi)航空公司與經(jīng)驗更為豐富的西方貨運公司合作。而就在不久前，中國政府的重點還幾乎全放在航空客運業(yè)的改革和擴張方面。

Beijing has stepped up its efforts to develop a domestic air freight industry, encouraging its airlines to team up with more experienced Western cargo operators. Until recently, the Chinese government had instead focused almost exclusively on overhauling and expanding the passenger airline industry.

一位香港銀行家表示：“從政治角度來看，運送旅客比運輸貨物更能建立聲望，但政府已意識到，貨運對出口驅(qū)動型的制造業(yè)領(lǐng)域至關(guān)重要。”

A Hong Kong banker says: “Politically, there’s a lot more prestige in helping move people rather than goods, but the government has woken up to how crucial freight is for an export-led 

由于波動的股市仍在繼續(xù)影響并購交易，摩根士丹利(Morgan Stanley)已暫停出售所持中國券商中金公司(CICC)的股份。它告訴貝恩資本(Bain Capital)和TPG等參與競購的私人股本公司，它們的出價過低。

Morgan Stanley has put the sale of its stake in mainland brokerage China International Capital Corp on hold, telling private equity bidders including Bain Capital and TPG that their offers are too low as jittery equity markets continue to take a toll on deals.

中金公司的交易表明，潛在買家與賣家之間的預(yù)期通常會相差何其之遠。

The CICC deal provides evidence of just how far apart the expectations of potential buyers and sellers generally remain.

由于可以獲得的借貸資金數(shù)額大幅減少，收購公司不愿為新交易支付高價，而賣方仍然希望得到6個月之前可能拿到的金額。

With their access to vast sums of borrowed money curtailed, buy-out firms are reluctant to pay top price for new deals while sellers are still hoping to get as much as they would have received six months ago.

從中金公司交易程序啟動伊始，相關(guān)私人股本公司的高管就表示擔(dān)心，自己也許會買在點。

From the beginning of the CICC process, executives from the private equity firms involved expressed concern that they might be buying at a peak.

摩根士丹利暫停拍賣所持中金公司34.3%股份，將使問題復(fù)雜化，因為這家投行已計劃與上海的華鑫證券(Fortune Securities)達成新的伙伴關(guān)系。

Putting the auction for Morgan Stanley’s 34.3 per cent stake in the brokerage on hold will complicate matters as the bank had planned to seal a new partnership with Fortune Securities in Shanghai.

中國政府已經(jīng)告訴摩根士丹利，它在中國不能同時擁有兩家投行業(yè)務(wù)合資企業(yè)。摩根士丹利曾希望，所持中金公司股份可以為自己帶來至少10億美元資金。

Morgan Stanley, which hoped to get at least $1bn for its CICC stake, has been told by the government that it cannot simultaneously be in two separate investment banking ventures in China.

摩根士丹利在中金公司的主要合作伙伴中國建設(shè)銀行(CCB)已經(jīng)將所持股份轉(zhuǎn)讓給中投公司(CIC)。

China Construction Bank, Morgan Stanley’s principal partner in CICC, has transferred its stake to China Investment Corp.

去年12月，中投公司斥資50億美元收購了摩根士丹利少數(shù)股權(quán)。這筆交易更多地被描述為對摩根士丹利的戰(zhàn)略投資，而不是救援融資。

CIC bought a $5bn minority stake in Morgan Stanley in December in a deal that was described more as a strategic investment for Morgan Stanley than as rescue finance.

當摩根士丹利初于1995年夏達成入股中金公司的交易時，中國市場還很沉靜，大部分利潤來自中國政府債券的利息。

When the CICC deal was first sealed in the summer of 1995, Chinese markets were dormant and most of profits came from the interest earned on Chinese government bonds.

但是現(xiàn)在，中國企業(yè)正在全球四處并購，更多公司準備上市融資，國內(nèi)股市投資者人數(shù)與日俱增，全球其它國家和地區(qū)爭相尋找中國投資資金，價位合適的中國券商因此擁有極大的吸引力。

But now, Chinese firms are scouring the world for mergers and acquisitions, more companies are going public, the number of investors in the domestic stock market is growing by the day and the rest of the world is lining up in search of Chinese investment capital, making Chinese brokerages hugely attractive at the right price.

中金公司高管的薪酬，遠遠高于中信證券(Citic Securities)等其它大陸券商。

CICC executives are paid far more than their counterparts at other mainland brokerage firms such as Citic Securities.

商務(wù)英語中級考試閱讀材料：美國2月成屋銷售量

美國2月份成屋銷售量7個月來首次出現(xiàn)增長，但銷售價格卻創(chuàng)下至少40年來的跌幅。

Sales of previously owned homes in the US rose for the first time in seven months in February, while sale prices fell by their most in at least 40 years.

全美房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀人協(xié)會(National Association of Realtors)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，經(jīng)季節(jié)因素調(diào)整后，美國上月成屋銷售量增加2.9%，折合成年率為503萬套，但較上年同期減少了23.8%。

Figures from the National Association of Realtors showed that existing home sales rose by 2.9 per cent to a seasonally adjusted annual rate of 5.03m units last month, still 23.8 per cent lower than a year ago.

此前，美國1月份成屋銷售量折合成年率為489萬套，創(chuàng)下自1999年有記錄以來的水平。市場曾預(yù)計2月份的銷售量將再次小幅下滑，至485萬套。

The rise comes after sales fell in January to a level of 4.89m – the lowest since records began in 1999. Sales had been expected to fall modestly again this month to a level of 4.85m.

經(jīng)濟學(xué)家們表示，成屋銷售量的增加，對住宅和金融市場是一個積極信號，但并非住宅市場即將好轉(zhuǎn)的明證。

Economists said that the rise was a positive indication for housing and the financial markets but that it was not clear evidence that residential real estate was about to improve.

雷曼兄弟(Lehman Brothers)經(jīng)濟學(xué)家扎克?潘德爾(Zach Pandl)表示：“銷售量的上升是重要的步，但我不會就此認為住宅市場的問題都已得到解決。”

“The rise in sales is an important first step,” said Zach Pandl, an economist at Lehman Brothers. “But I wouldn’t call it the end of the problems in housing.”

美國2月份成屋銷售價格下滑8.2%，價格中值為19.59萬美元，創(chuàng)下全美房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀人協(xié)會自1968年開始記錄房價以來的單月跌幅。

House prices fell 8.2 per cent – the biggest one-month drop since the NAR began keeping records in 1968 – to a median price of $195,900 (?127,000, ￡98,700).

成屋庫存減少3%，從10.2個月供應(yīng)量減少至9.6個月供應(yīng)量，但仍處于非常高的水平，是2005年水平的兩倍以上。

The inventory of homes for sale fell by 3 per cent from 10.2 to 9.6 months’ supply. The supply is still extre-mely elevated and more than twice as high as in 2005.

潘德爾表示：“只有看到房屋價格見底，人們才會對房地產(chǎn)或證券市場恢復(fù)信心。”

“Until you see a bottom in home prices, people are not going to be confident about the market in homes or in securities,” Mr Pandl said.

JP摩根(JPMorgan)的麥克爾?芮豪特(Michael Rehaut)表示：“考慮到總體需求疲軟，而且目前看來春季銷售疲軟的趨勢已經(jīng)形成，我們相信……房屋銷量的上升可能只是暫時的?！?/p>

“We believe this?.?.?.?pickup will likely prove temporary, given overall weak demand and the soft spring selling season that we believe has so far taken shape,” said Mi-chael Rehaut at JPMorgan.

在另一份數(shù)據(jù)中，芝加哥聯(lián)邦儲備銀行(Chicago Federal Reserve Bank)的全國活動指數(shù)顯示，美國的經(jīng)濟衰退可能已經(jīng)開始。今年2月，該指數(shù)的3個月均值跌破-0.70的“關(guān)口”，至-0.87。芝加哥聯(lián)邦儲備銀行表示：“經(jīng)過一段時間的經(jīng)濟擴張后出現(xiàn)這種情況，說明衰退已經(jīng)開始的可能性越來越大。”

In another data release, the Chicago Federal Reserve Bank’s National Activity index sent a signal that a recession had probably begun in the US. The three-month average score for the index fell below the -0.70 “threshold” to -0.87 for February. “Such an occurrence following a period of economic expansion indicates an increasing likelihood that a recession has begun,” the bank said.