托福閱讀中怎么清晰度審題

陳鈴1147由分享時間：2020-10-10 09:13:19

托福閱讀考試要求考生在60分鐘內(nèi)完成3篇練習約42道題。解決每一道題都包含著審題和解題兩個步驟，快速清楚分析問題高效解題的關鍵。下面小編就和大家分享托福閱讀中怎么才能夠清晰度審題，來欣賞一下吧。

托福閱讀中怎么才能夠清晰度審題

這包括托福詞匯題，指代題(此類題型現(xiàn)在基本不考)，句子簡化題，句子插入題和全文總結(jié)題(6選3)。詞匯題和指代題會在原文中標注出考查的單詞或詞組，我們考試時無需花太多時間讀題，只要知道考查的是什么詞，直接回原文閱讀或直接對比選項。句子簡化題，插入題和全文總結(jié)題的題干很長，但固定，也就是說這一題型的題干每次都一樣。如果每次花時間閱讀，費事又不一定理解正確。所以一定在考前學習時先仔細閱讀分析句子簡化題的題干，理解出題原則和解題要求，牢記于心，考試的時候就無需再花時間閱讀題干，直接分析考查的句子。

對于細節(jié)題，推斷題和修辭目的題，審題就非常關鍵，如果審題不清晰，直接看選項對比原文，很容易會答非所問。一方面詞匯是基礎，掌握了一定量的詞匯才能無障礙理解題目，另外要注重題目問的是什么，是what，why，where還是which。與此同時要特別注意題目中的邏輯關系，這不僅幫助我們定位而且?guī)椭覀兏逦斫忸}目。

舉個例子，官方真題Official1 Timberline Vegetation on Mountains中的第三題：Whichof the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about the upper and lower timberlines?

拿到題目后首先看疑問詞，問的是which，另外infer出現(xiàn)表示這是一道推斷題，這兩步驟都可以一掃而過，關鍵點在about之后，找到要我們推斷的點是什么，此題問的是the upper and lower timberlines，and的出現(xiàn)表示是并列結(jié)構(gòu)，也就說下面選項中所推斷的信息必須同時符合the upper timberlines 和 the lower timberlines的特征，必須是共同的特征。理解清楚題目后再回原文找the upper timberlines 和 the lower timberlines，找到他們描述的共同點就是答案所在之處了。

托福閱讀真題原題+題目

Railroads reshaped the North American environment and reoriented North American behavior. In a quarter of a century, claimed the Omaha Daily Republican in 1883, they have made the people of the United States homogeneous, breaking through the peculiarities and provincialisms which marked separate and unmingling sections.

The railroad simultaneously stripped the landscape of the natural resources, made velocity of transport and economy of scale necessary parts of industrial production, and carried consumer goods to households; it dispatched immigrants to unsettled places, drew emigrants away from farms and villages to cities, and sent men and guns to battle. It standardized time and travel, seeking to annihilate distance and space by allowing movement at any time and in any season or type of weather. In its grand and impressive terminals and stations, architects recreated historic Roman temples and public baths, French chateaus and Italian bell towers — edifices that people used as stages for many of everyday life's high emotions: meeting and parting, waiting and worrying, planning new starts or coming home.

Passenger terminals, like the luxury express trains that hurled people over spots, spotlight the romance of railroading. (The twentieth-Century Limited sped between Chicago and New York in twenty hours by 1915). Equally important to everyday life were the slow freight trans chugging through industrial zones, the morning and evening commuter locals shuttling back ions and urban terminals, and the incessant comings and goings that occurred in the classifications, or switching, yards. Moreover, in addition to its being a transportation pathway equipped with a mammoth physical plant of tracks signals, crossings, bridges, and junctions, plus telegraph and telephone lines the railroad nurtured factory complexes, coat piles, warehouses, and generating stations, forming along its right-of-way what has aptly been called the metropolitan corridor of the American landscape.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The influence of ancient architecture on the design of railroad terminals

(B) The importance of natural resources in the development of railroads

(D) Technological improvements in the area of communication in the nineteenth century

2. It can be inferred from the quote from the Omaha Daily Republican (line 2-4) that railroads

(A) made all sections of the nation much wealthier

(B) brought more unity to what had been a fragmented nation

(D) had no effect on the environment of the United States

3. The word it in line 7 refers to

(A) transport

(B) scale

(D) railroad

4. The word drew in line 8 is closest

(A) obliged

(B) designed

(D) attracted

5. The word annihilate in line 9 is closest in meaning to

(A) conquer

(B) utilize

(D) mechanize

6. The word Moreover in line 20 is closest in meaning to

(A) consequently

(B) furthermore

(D) because

7. All of the following were true of impressive passenger terminals EXCEPT:

(A) Their architecture was influenced by the architecture of Europe.

(B) Luxury express trains traveled between them.

(D) They were important to many commuters.

8. According to the passage , which type of development lined the area along the metropolitan

corridor?

(A) Stores and shopping areas

(B) Recreational areas

(D) Agricultural

9. The word aptly in line 24 is closest in meaning to

(A) appropriately

(B) virtually

(D) incessantly

10. The author mentions the Twentieth-Century Limited as an example of

(A) a freight train

(B) a commuter train

(D) an underground train

11. The author gives a synonym for which of the following words?

(A) homogeneous (line 3)

(B) standardized (line 9)

(D) classification(line 20)

PASSAGE 42 CBDDA BCCAC D

托福閱讀背景知識：視覺藝術

Definition of painting:

Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment(顏料),color or other medium(媒介物) with a brush(畫筆) or other tools to a surface.

繪畫就是通過畫筆或者其余工具，把油漆、顏料、顏色或者其它的一些媒介物畫到一個平面上。所以，繪畫本質(zhì)上是二維的。

看下這個詞 Fine art，在托福閱讀和聽力中都出現(xiàn)過，很多學生第一次接觸的時候，會很疑惑，好藝術?其實是“純藝術”的意思，很好理解，通俗說就是只有審美價值，沒有實用價值，如雕塑，畫畫等。接下來欣賞下各個階段常見的繪畫形式。

Cave painting 洞穴畫 ---- 聽名字我們就知道，肯定是比較古老的繪畫形式，遠古時期(prehistoric art)。2013年美國一部熱門的動畫電影，The Croods《瘋狂原始人》中，就描述了很多這樣的場景，有興趣有時間可以看看。

Mural 壁畫 ---- fresco 濕壁畫，注意fresco和freckle(雀斑)讀音和拼寫都有點相像，注意區(qū)分哦。這兩種畫的形式最盛行于中世紀(Medieval)和文藝復興時期(Renaissance)，主要跟宗教(religion)和神學(mythology)相聯(lián)系在一起。

Oil painting 油畫 --- 這里的oil, 是利用特殊的油，其實是特制的植物油。有何神奇之處?第一，溶解顏料;第二，使顏料干燥的過程是均勻的。干的過程必須是可控的，才可以畫下一層的。關于油畫，這些詞你是一定要掌握的。Palette，調(diào)色板;brush，畫筆;canvas,帆布;brushstroke,筆觸;sketch,素描。

Watercolor painting 水彩畫

Brush painting 中國的國畫

水彩畫和國畫沒怎么涉及，考察，在托福閱讀或者聽力中，我們僅做了解即可。畫的分類大致這些，其中，一些重點相關的需要涉獵的詞如下，請重點關注。

欣賞畫作Appreciation，評論畫作這個行為用Criticism，修復畫作Restoration，鑒別畫作Identification(真品Authentic，贗品fake)，大師作品Masterpiece，贊助patronage (組織，政府，個人都有可能參與贊助這個過程)。

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