雅思閱讀同義替換考點(diǎn)之死穴分析
同義替換是雅思考試的重點(diǎn)考察方式，遍布聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫4科，在雅思閱讀上，則是舉足輕重的存在，可謂得同義替換者，得雅思閱讀天下。小編給大家?guī)?lái)了雅思閱讀同義替換考點(diǎn)之死穴分析，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。
雅思閱讀同義替換考點(diǎn)之死穴分析
首先，我們來(lái)看一道雅思閱讀判斷題，選自C5-P42-Q13 Bakelite was only available in a limited range of colours.本題定位原文最后一段難度不大，但很多同學(xué)把最后一段看了一遍又一遍，還是沒(méi)有結(jié)果。大家也不妨試一下。原文如下:
Baekeland's invention, although treated with disdain in its early years, went on to enjoy an unparalleled popularity which lasted throughout the first half of the twentieth century. It became the wonder product of the new world of industrial expansion - 'the material of a thousand uses,. Being both non-porous and heat-resistant, Bakelite kitchen goods were promoted as being germ-free and sterilisable. Electrical manufacturers seized on its insulating properties, and consumers everywhere relished its dazzling array of shades, delighted that they were now, at last, no longer restricted to the wood tones and drab browns of the pre-plastic era. It then fell from favour again during the 1950s, and was despised and destroyed in vast quantities. Recently, however, it has been experiencing something of a renaissance, with renewed demand for original Bakelite objects in the collectors' marketplace, and museums, societies and dedicated individuals once again appreciating the style and originality of this innovative material.
實(shí)際上，此題就運(yùn)用了雅思閱讀同義替換之上義詞替換下義詞這一伎倆。我們可以通過(guò)colours 定位到原文這樣的信息‘ no longer restricted to the wood tones and drab browns of the pre-plastic era’。也就是將colours替換了文中大部分學(xué)員比較熟悉browns。由于看出limit與restrict的替換難度并不大，那么此題與原文中no longer矛盾，選FALSE也就很輕松了。
其實(shí)，不僅僅是判斷題，在雅思閱讀填空題中的應(yīng)用也讓不少學(xué)員嘗到很多苦頭。我們?cè)倏匆粋€(gè)例子，選自C6-P29-Q40 ........... produce is particularly expensive. 此題在原文中的定位難度也不大，很多學(xué)員都定位了如下的原文內(nèi)容。
Provisions available in local shops have to be flown into Nunavut on one of the most costly air networks in the world, or brought by supply ship during the few ice-free weeks of summer. It would cost a family around ￡7,000 a year to replace meat they obtained themselves through hunting with imported meat.
但是，具體答案定位哪一句，很多同學(xué)犯了難，原文中根本就沒(méi)有與答案最為密切的produce。我們?cè)僮屑?xì)分析一下，原來(lái)題干中的produce (農(nóng)產(chǎn)品)可以替換原文中meat，答案也就是imported了。在這里，我只能說(shuō)不熟悉這種命題思路的烤鴨被害慘了。
其實(shí)，相比以上兩種題型，上義詞與下義詞在雅思閱讀段落信息配對(duì)題的出現(xiàn)頻率更高。比如，C9-P93-Q18：
reference to a possible link between culture and a particular form of behaviour, 其中‘a(chǎn) particular form of behaviour’替換了原文H段的‘a(chǎn) struggle over toy’, 再比如C9-P43-Q5： a list of medical conditions which place some children more at risk from noise than others，其中‘medical conditions’替換了原文D段的 ‘hearing impairment, autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention deficit disorders (ADD/ADHD)’。
我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，題干中的名詞可能會(huì)作為上義詞來(lái)考查，回原文定位時(shí)需要留意該詞的具體化概念，并謹(jǐn)記‘題上文下’的雅思閱讀同義替換原則。
雅思分類詞匯：教育
instruction, education 教育
culture 文化
primary education 初等教育
secondary education 中等教育
higher education 高等教育
the three R's 讀、寫、算
school year 學(xué)年
term, trimester 學(xué)季
semester 學(xué)期
school day 教學(xué)日
school holidays 假期
curriculum 課程
subject 學(xué)科
discipline 紀(jì)律
timetable 課程表
class, lesson 課
homework 家庭作業(yè)
exercise 練習(xí)
dictation 聽(tīng)寫
spelling mistake 拼寫錯(cuò)誤
(short) course 短訓(xùn)班
seminar 研討班
playtime, break 課間,休息
to play truant, to play hooky 逃學(xué),曠課
course (of study) 學(xué)業(yè)
student body 學(xué)生(總稱)
classmate, schoolmate 同學(xué)
pupil 小學(xué)生
student 大學(xué)生
schoolboy 男生
schoolgirl 女生
auditor 旁聽(tīng)生
swot, grind 用功的學(xué)生
old boy 老生
grant, scholarship, fellowship 獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金
holder of a grant, scholar, fellow 獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金獲得者
school uniform 校服
teaching staff 教育工作者(總稱)
teachers 教師(總稱)
primary school teacher 小學(xué)老師
teacher lecturer 大學(xué)老師
professor 教授
schooling 教授,授課
assistant 助教
headmaster 校長(zhǎng) (女性為:headmistress)
deputy headmaster, deputy head 副校長(zhǎng)
rector 校長(zhǎng)
dean 教務(wù)長(zhǎng)
laboratory assistant, lab assistant 實(shí)驗(yàn)員
beadle, porter 門房,學(xué)校工友
games master, gym teacher, gym instructor 體育教師
private tutor 私人教師,家庭教師
pedagogue 文學(xué)教師(蔑稱)
of school age 教齡
beginning of term 開(kāi)學(xué)
matriculation 注冊(cè)
to enroll, to enroll 予以注冊(cè)
to take lessons (學(xué)生)上課
to teach (老師)上課
to study 學(xué)習(xí)
to learn by heart 記住,掌握
to revise, to go over 復(fù)習(xí)
test 考試
to test 考試
to take an examination, to sit an examination, to do an examination 參加考試
convocation notice 考試通知
examiner 考試者
board of examiners 考試團(tuán)
examination oral, written examination 口試,筆試
question 問(wèn)題
question paper 試卷
crib 夾帶 (美作:trot)
to pass an examination (或exam), 通過(guò)考試
pass, passing grade 升級(jí)
prizegiving 分配獎(jiǎng)品
to fall an examination 未通過(guò)考試
failure 未考好
to repeat a year 留級(jí)
degree 學(xué)位
graduate 畢業(yè)生
to graduate 畢業(yè)
project, thesis 畢業(yè)論文
General Certificate of Education 中學(xué)畢業(yè)證書 (美作:high school diploma)
holder of the General Certificate of Education 中學(xué)畢業(yè)生 (美作:holder of a high school diploma)
doctorate 博士學(xué)位
doctor 博士
competitive examination 答辯考試
Chinese 語(yǔ)文
English 英語(yǔ)
Japanese 日語(yǔ)
mathematics 數(shù)學(xué)
science 理科
gymnastics 體育
history 歷史
algebra 代數(shù)
geometry 幾何
geography 地理
biology 生物
chemistry 化學(xué)
physics 物理
physical geography 地球物理
literature 文學(xué)
sociology 社會(huì)學(xué)
psycology 心理學(xué)
philosophy 哲學(xué)
engineering 工程學(xué)
mechanical engineering 機(jī)械工程學(xué)
electronic engineering 電子工程學(xué)
medicine 醫(yī)學(xué)
social science 社會(huì)科學(xué)
agriculture 農(nóng)學(xué)
astronomy 天文學(xué)
economics 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)
politics 政治學(xué)
commercial science 商學(xué)
biochemistry 生物化學(xué)
anthropology 人類學(xué)
linguistics 語(yǔ)言學(xué)
accounting 會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)
law, jurisprdence 法學(xué)
banking 銀行學(xué)
metallurgy 冶金學(xué)
finance 財(cái)政學(xué)
mass-communication 大眾傳播學(xué)
journalism 新聞學(xué)
atomic energy 原子能學(xué)
civil engineering 土木工程
architecture 建筑學(xué)
chemical, engineering 化學(xué)工程
accounting and statisics 會(huì)計(jì)統(tǒng)計(jì)
business administration 工商管理
library 圖書館學(xué)
diplomacy 外交
foreign language 外文
botany 植物
major 主修
minor 輔修
school 學(xué)校
kindergarten 幼兒園
infant school 幼兒學(xué)校
primary school, junior school 小學(xué)
secondary school 中學(xué)
high school, secondary school ?？茖W(xué)校
business school 商業(yè)學(xué)校
technical school 工業(yè)學(xué)校
technical college 專科學(xué)校
(university) campus 大學(xué)
university 大學(xué)
boarding school 供膳宿的學(xué)校
day school 日校,無(wú)宿舍學(xué)校,走讀學(xué)校
day student who has lunch at school 提供午餐的走讀學(xué)生
academy ?？茖W(xué)院
faculty 系
hall of residence 學(xué)校公寓
classroom 教室
lecture theatre 閱覽室 (美作:lecture theater)
amphitheatre 階梯教室 (美作:amphitheater)
staff room 教研室
headmaster's study, headmaster's office 校長(zhǎng)辦公室
(assembly) hall 禮堂
library 圖書館
playground 操場(chǎng)
desk 課桌
blackboard 黑板
(a piece of) chalk 粉筆
slate pencil 石板筆
wall map 掛圖
skeleton map 輪廓圖,示意圖
globe 地球儀
text book 課本
dictionary 詞典
encyclopedia 百科全書
atlas 地圖集
satchel 書包
exercise book 練習(xí)本
rough not book 草稿本 (美作:scribbling pad)
blotting paper 吸墨紙
tracing paper 描圖紙
squared paper, graph paper 坐標(biāo)紙
(fountain) pen 自來(lái)水筆
biro, ballpoint (pen) 圓珠筆
pencil 鉛筆
propelling pencil 自動(dòng)鉛筆
pencil sharpener 鉛筆刀,轉(zhuǎn)筆刀
ink 墨水
inkwell 墨水池
rubber, eraser 橡皮
ruler, rule 尺
slide rule 計(jì)算尺
set square 三角板
protractor 量角器
compass, pair of compasses 圓規(guī)
雅思分類詞匯：蔬菜名稱
tomato 番茄,西紅柿
asparagus 蘆筍
cucumber 黃瓜
aubergine, eggplant 茄子
bean 菜豆
beet, beetroot 甜菜
pepper 胡椒
pimiento 甜椒
potato 馬鈴薯
carrot 胡蘿卜
cauliflower 菜花,花椰菜
pumpkin 西葫蘆
broad bean 蠶豆
cabbage 圓白菜,卷心菜
chilli 辣椒
garlic 蒜
chive 蔥
fennel 茴香
cos lettuce 萵苣
marrow 嫩葫蘆
melon 香瓜,甜瓜
mushroom, celery 芹菜
onion 韭
leek 韭菜
radish 蘿卜
tarragon 狹葉青蒿
thyme 百里香
mushroom 蘑菇
artichoke 洋薊
broccoli, brocoli 硬花甘藍(lán)
Brussels sprouts 芽甘藍(lán)
caper 刺山柑,老鼠瓜
cardoon 刺菜薊
chervil 雪維菜,細(xì)葉芹
chick-pea 鷹嘴豆
chicory 苣荬菜
cress 水田芥
cumin, cummin 孜然芹,枯茗
dandelion 蒲公英
French bean 法國(guó)菜豆
gherkin 嫩黃瓜
horseradish 辣根
Jerusalem artichoke 洋姜,鬼子姜
kale 無(wú)頭甘藍(lán)
kohlrabi 甘藍(lán)
laurel 月桂
lentil 兵豆
lettuce 萵苣
lupin 羽扇豆 (美作:lupine)
parsley 歐芹
parsnip 歐防風(fēng)
pea 豌豆
rhubarb 大黃
salsify 婆羅門參
sorrel 掌葉大黃
truffle 塊菌
turnip 蕪菁
watercress 豆瓣菜
