雅思閱讀必備技巧
如何提高閱讀的分?jǐn)?shù)?一起來學(xué)習(xí)一下吧,下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
雅思閱讀技巧：看完本文閱讀還能漲幾分
General tips:
1.讀文章首段一定要讀一下，其他的段落讀首句，末句，必要時(shí)可以讀第二句。
2. But后面的永遠(yuǎn)比but前面的information重要(包括however， yet，while，in fact，on contrary，nevertheless等轉(zhuǎn)折詞)
3.越短的段落越可能需要讀全段，越長的段落越可能不需要讀全段(首句沒給的話第二句很重要，二句沒有的話就看末句)
4.時(shí)間分配每篇20分鐘，若某篇文章超過20分鐘還沒搞定，果斷放棄，進(jìn)行下一篇，有失才有得
5.文章沒有標(biāo)段落說明沒有l(wèi)ist of headings類型的題目。
6.先做需要通讀全文才能做得題目，這樣能節(jié)省時(shí)間，免得重復(fù)閱讀。比如，首先看有沒有l(wèi)ist headings，有就先做這類題。Matching里面的信息對段落題如果出現(xiàn)也是要先做的。再次就是summary需要全局閱讀。再次就是Multiple choice。T/F/NG最后做。時(shí)間不夠就只能使用技巧了。到30分鐘的時(shí)候看看還剩下什么，然后決定是繼續(xù)做還是先去做第3題。
然后下面是針對每種類型的的題目的一些技巧：
T/F/NG tips:
1.時(shí)間不夠的話全true(對應(yīng)的對于multiple choice全C法)
2.對于出現(xiàn)every和only等比較絕對的詞匯時(shí)很大可能是false
3.題目肯定是按照段落的順序設(shè)置的
4. 使用參照物的方法將題干在文章中定位(比如人名，地名，時(shí)間，百分比，大寫字母)
5.如何區(qū)分No和NG:明顯抵觸的才是No(比如，文中說部分保護(hù)，結(jié)論是全部保護(hù)，這就是沖突等)，推不出來的就是NG(文中較抽象)
6. 類題只可能對于細(xì)節(jié)題，不可能需要閱讀全文信息才能做決定，所以定位以后就能做題，不需要讀完全文
7. NG的形式：a,并不存在比較的基礎(chǔ)，或者沒有比較的意義。所以一旦出現(xiàn)比較，就可以選NG，特別是金錢，男女生的智商的比較等。b,隱形的比較，這些詞比如similar，another，the same as, identical, next隱含比較意義，也可以選NG，還有比較級也是可以選NG的。另外，the latter也是可以選NG的。c,終極比較，比如形容詞最高級很可能選NG
8.7道題出現(xiàn)NG的數(shù)目最多為2道。True的數(shù)目為2-3.
9.還有一種選False的，比如，文章說還還處于試驗(yàn)階段，題目說已經(jīng)投入使用。文章說還是理論，題目說已經(jīng)實(shí)踐。
10.人們對于負(fù)面信息的關(guān)注度遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于正面信息的關(guān)注度，所以不可能出現(xiàn)文章中說impossible而題目中說可能，但是如果題目中真的出現(xiàn)表示可能的詞的時(shí)候，該題肯定選Ture(真理是模棱兩可的)，類似的，出現(xiàn)下列詞也是can, could, possible, probable, not all, not always，not necessarily, some，這就是真理性truth。
11.偷換概念型的NG。題目說選擇清華是因?yàn)楦哔|(zhì)量的教學(xué)，題目說是因?yàn)榍迦A的名氣，這種就屬于偷換概念。
Heading tips:
1.觀察各個(gè)heading的關(guān)鍵詞(通常是形容詞后面的名詞，但不能是文章的主題;或者動(dòng)詞)
2.Heading里面沒有名詞時(shí)，缺失的名詞是文章的主題詞
3. 只要能夠原詞對上的越不可能是對的，越找不到的詞越可能要選上
4.雙胞胎型選項(xiàng)中間肯定有一個(gè)是要選的，看起來不像的(找不到關(guān)鍵詞)的可能性會(huì)大一些，錯(cuò)誤的那個(gè)一般會(huì)跟文章很像
5.段落短的時(shí)候需要全讀，讀不懂就看例子。
6.做選項(xiàng)的時(shí)候可以依據(jù)下面的clue。比如時(shí)間關(guān)系：past，present，future?？萍及l(fā)明發(fā)展史七段論：introduction，definition，history，mechanism，application，drawback，future
7.首末段對應(yīng)，特別是時(shí)間關(guān)系的。
8.數(shù)字對數(shù)字，如果heading里面出現(xiàn)statistics和statistical等詞的時(shí)候找很多數(shù)字的段，時(shí)間對時(shí)間，heading里面出現(xiàn)時(shí)間就去找時(shí)間段(比如past對應(yīng)出現(xiàn)1982的段落)，百分比對百分比(都出現(xiàn)了百分比)，金錢對金錢。Commercial，financial，funding，business，subsidies，pension等詞就是在談金錢(老外一般不直接談錢)，heading談錢了(出現(xiàn)上述詞)，則在文章找出現(xiàn)金錢數(shù)字的段落。(ps, multiple choice里面談錢的選項(xiàng)一般可以直接去掉，因?yàn)槔贤獠徽勫X)
Multiple choice tips:
1. 時(shí)間不夠全C法
2. D選項(xiàng)一般是混淆項(xiàng)
Completion tips:
1.雅思填空題的風(fēng)格是文中有這個(gè)詞才能填出來，如果文中沒有這個(gè)詞，不能生創(chuàng)詞填寫。
Matching 之人物+理論matching tips:
1.在人名第一次出現(xiàn)的地方畫上橫線，并在旁邊寫下首字母的縮寫
2.出現(xiàn)頻率越高，理論越多
3.如果某一段沒有名字，但有引號，那就是上一段的人的理論
4.先看題，并提取關(guān)鍵字，然后去文章中在人物周圍找關(guān)鍵詞，鎖定理論
5.一個(gè)人最多只能有3個(gè)理論
6.人物出現(xiàn)的順序肯定是按照文章的段落順序來的，要相信這一點(diǎn)。
Summary tips：
1.對于比較簡單的出題(帶詞庫的)，利用語法，根據(jù)詞性就可以進(jìn)行選擇。但是如果語法不行的話(比如一個(gè)空該填名詞，但是有三個(gè)名詞，該填那個(gè)?)這時(shí)候需要用到邏輯，因?yàn)橛械膯卧~填出來不合邏輯。
2.有的題目中題庫里面的詞可能可以使用一次以上。
3.如果詞庫全部是形容詞，則站隊(duì)—即選擇態(tài)度即可解決。全部是名詞的詞庫比較難做，幾乎不可能通過語法做出來。
4.超級無敵括號法：不帶詞庫型的summary一般要求字?jǐn)?shù)不能超，這時(shí)候如果多了一個(gè)the，但去掉又會(huì)損傷語法的話，可以將the用括號括起來，這就是超級無敵括號法。
雅思考試閱讀模擬試題及答案解析
Time to cool it
1 REFRIGERATORS are the epitome of clunky technology: solid, reliable and just a little bit dull. They have not changed much over the past century, but then they have not needed to. They are based on a robust and effective idea--draw heat from the thing you want to cool by evaporating a liquid next to it, and then dump that heat by pumping the vapour elsewhere and condensing it. This method of pumping heat from one place to another served mankind well when refrigerators' main jobs were preserving food and, as air conditioners, cooling buildings. Today's high-tech world, however, demands high-tech refrigeration. Heat pumps are no longer up to the job. The search is on for something to replace them.
2 One set of candidates are known as paraelectric materials. These act like batteries when they undergo a temperature change: attach electrodes to them and they generate a current. This effect is used in infra-red cameras. An array of tiny pieces of paraelectric material can sense the heat radiated by, for example, a person, and the pattern of the array's electrical outputs can then be used to construct an image. But until recently no one had bothered much with the inverse of this process. That inverse exists, however. Apply an appropriate current to a paraelectric material and it will cool down.
3 Someone who is looking at this inverse effect is Alex Mischenko, of Cambridge University. Using commercially available paraelectric film, he and his colleagues have generated temperature drops five times bigger than any previously recorded. That may be enough to change the phenomenon from a laboratory curiosity to something with commercial applications.
4 As to what those applications might be, Dr Mischenko is still a little hazy. He has, nevertheless, set up a company to pursue them. He foresees putting his discovery to use in more efficient domestic fridges and air conditioners. The real money, though, may be in cooling computers.
5 Gadgets containing microprocessors have been getting hotter for a long time. One consequence of Moore's Law, which describes the doubling of the number of transistors on a chip every 18 months, is that the amount of heat produced doubles as well. In fact, it more than doubles, because besides increasing in number, the components are getting faster. Heat is released every time a logical operation is performed inside a microprocessor, so the faster the processor is, the more heat it generates. Doubling the frequency quadruples the heat output. And the frequency has doubled a lot. The first Pentium chips sold by Dr Moore's company, Intel, in 1993, ran at 60m cycles a second. The Pentium 4--the last "single-core" desktop processor--clocked up 3.2 billion cycles a second.
6 Disposing of this heat is a big obstruction to further miniaturisation and higher speeds. The innards of a desktop computer commonly hit 80℃. At 85℃, they stop working. Tweaking the processor's heat sinks (copper or aluminium boxes designed to radiate heat away) has reached its limit. So has tweaking the fans that circulate air over those heat sinks. And the idea of shifting from single-core processors to systems that divided processing power between first two, and then four, subunits, in order to spread the thermal load, also seems to have the end of the road in sight.
7 One way out of this may be a second curious physical phenomenon, the thermoelectric effect. Like paraelectric materials, this generates electricity from a heat source and produces cooling from an electrical source. Unlike paraelectrics, a significant body of researchers is already working on it.
8 The trick to a good thermoelectric material is a crystal structure in which electrons can flow freely, but the path of phonons--heat-carrying vibrations that are larger than electrons--is constantly interrupted. In practice, this trick is hard to pull off, and thermoelectric materials are thus less efficient than paraelectric ones (or, at least, than those examined by Dr Mischenko). Nevertheless, Rama Venkatasubramanian, of Nextreme Thermal Solutions in North Carolina, claims to have made thermoelectric refrigerators that can sit on the back of computer chips and cool hotspots by 10℃. Ali Shakouri, of the University of California, Santa Cruz, says his are even smaller--so small that they can go inside the chip.
9 The last word in computer cooling, though, may go to a system even less techy than a heat pump--a miniature version of a car radiator. Last year Apple launched a personal computer that is cooled by liquid that is pumped through little channels in the processor, and thence to a radiator, where it gives up its heat to the atmosphere. To improve on this, IBM's research laboratory in Zurich is experimenting with tiny jets that stir the liquid up and thus make sure all of it eventually touches the outside of the channel--the part where the heat exchange takes place. In the future, therefore, a combination of microchannels and either thermoelectrics or paraelectrics might cool computers. The old, as it were, hand in hand with the new.
雅思考試閱讀模擬試題及答案
Questions 1-5 Complete each of the following statements with the scientist or company name from the box below.
Write the appropriate letters A-F in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.
A. Apple
B. IBM
C. Intel
D. Alex Mischenko
E. Ali Shakouri
F. Rama Venkatasubramanian
1. ...and his research group use paraelectric film available from the market to produce cooling.
2. ...sold microprocessors running at 60m cycles a second in 1993.
3. ...says that he has made refrigerators which can cool the hotspots of computer chips by 10℃.
4. ...claims to have made a refrigerator small enough to be built into a computer chip.
5. ...attempts to produce better cooling in personal computers by stirring up liquid with tiny jets to make sure maximum heat exchange.
Questions 6-9 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage?
In boxes 6-9 on your answer sheet write
TRUE if the statement is true according to the passage
FALSE if the statement is false according to the passage
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage
6. Paraelectric materials can generate a current when electrodes are attached to them.
7. Dr. Mischenko has successfully applied his laboratory discovery to manufacturing more efficient referigerators.
8. Doubling the frequency of logical operations inside a microprocessor doubles the heat output.
9. IBM will achieve better computer cooling by combining microchannels with paraelectrics.
Question 10 Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in box 10 on your answer sheet.
10. Which method of disposing heat in computers may have a bright prospect?
A. Tweaking the processors?heat sinks.
B. Tweaking the fans that circulate air over the processor抯 heat sinks.
C. Shifting from single-core processors to systems of subunits.
D. None of the above.
Questions 11-14 Complete the notes below.
Choose one suitable word from the Reading Passage above for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.
Traditional refrigerators use...11...pumps to drop temperature. At present, scientists are searching for other methods to produce refrigeration, especially in computer microprocessors....12...materials have been tried to generate temperature drops five times bigger than any previously recorded. ...13...effect has also been adopted by many researchers to cool hotspots in computers. A miniature version of a car ...14... may also be a system to realize ideal computer cooling in the future.
Key and Explanations:
1. D
See Paragraph 3: ...Alex Mischenko, of Cambridge University. Using commercially available paraelectric film, he and his colleagues have generated temperature drops...
2. C
See Paragraph 5: The first Pentium chips sold by Dr Moore's company, Intel, in 1993, ran at 60m cycles a second.
3. F
See Paragraph 8: ...Rama Venkatasubramanian, of Nextreme Thermal Solutions in North Carolina, claims to have made thermoelectric refrigerators that can sit on the back of computer chips and cool hotspots by 10℃.
4. E
See Paragraph 8: Ali Shakouri, of the University of California, Santa Cruz, says his are even smaller梥o small that they can go inside the chip.
5. B
See Paragraph 9: To improve on this, IBM's research laboratory in Zurich is experimenting with tiny jets that stir the liquid up and thus make sure all of it eventually touches the outside of the channel--the part where the heat exchange takes place.
6. TRUE
See Paragraph 2: ...paraelectric materials. These act like batteries when they undergo a temperature change: attach electrodes to them and they generate a current.
7. FALSE
See Paragraph 3 (That may be enough to change the phenomenon from a laboratory curiosity to something with commercial applications. ) and Paragraph 4 (As to what those applications might be, Dr Mischenko is still a little hazy. He has, nevertheless, set up a company to pursue them. He foresees putting his discovery to use in more efficient domestic fridges?
8. FALSE
See Paragraph 5: Heat is released every time a logical operation is performed inside a microprocessor, so the faster the processor is, the more heat it generates. Doubling the frequency quadruples the heat output.
9. NOT GIVEN
See Paragraph 9: In the future, therefore, a combination of microchannels and either thermoelectrics or paraelectrics might cool computers.
10. D
See Paragraph 6: Tweaking the processor's heat sinks ?has reached its limit. So has tweaking the fans that circulate air over those heat sinks. And the idea of shifting from single-core processors to systems?also seems to have the end of the road in sight.
11. heat
See Paragraph 1: Today's high-tech world, however, demands high-tech refrigeration. Heat pumps are no longer up to the job. The search is on for something to replace them.
12. paraelectric
See Paragraph 3: Using commercially available paraelectric film, he and his colleagues have generated temperature drops five times bigger than any previously recorded.
13. thermoelectric
See Paragraph 7: ...the thermoelectric effect. Like paraelectric materials, this generates electricity from a heat source and produces cooling from an electrical source. Unlike paraelectrics, a significant body of researchers is already working on it.
14. radiator
See Paragraph 9: The last word in computer cooling, though, may go to a system even less techy than a heat pump--a miniature version of a car radiator.
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