托福聽力考前沖刺要注意什么呢

每年的8、9月份都是托?？荚嚰袌竺臅r間，雖然很多同學(xué)很早就開始備考托福聽力考試，面小編就和大家分享托福聽力考前沖刺要注意什么呢，希望能夠幫助到大家，來欣賞一下吧。

托福聽力考前沖刺要注意什么呢

1. 讀透聽力原文

每做完一份新托福聽力題目，就把聽力原文拿出來，跟著聽力里面的人反復(fù)朗讀，跟上他們的語速，模仿他們的發(fā)音。然后是作標(biāo)記：1 把其中經(jīng)常聽不清的地方標(biāo)出來，反復(fù)跟讀，2 把get, go, take等萬能詞的詞組標(biāo)起來，多多記憶，一方面可以排除聽力障礙，一方面可以為作文所用 3 標(biāo)出指示詞，如表示原因的詞，表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞等等，讓自己形成習(xí)慣，對這些詞敏感起來，因為題目往往設(shè)置在這種地方。

2. 做題時，無論多自信，一定要細(xì)心

托福聽力和閱讀的問題和選項的設(shè)置，有一個很大的特點：迷惑性很強(qiáng)!主要體現(xiàn)在把錯誤選項設(shè)置得跟原文很像，而正確選項則用另一種形式來表達(dá)，所以如果不經(jīng)過分析，很容易有聽懂看懂就是選不對的情況。

3. 多做上機(jī)的模擬練習(xí)

在計算機(jī)顯示器上做題跟在書上做很不一樣，四個部分都是，所以在考試前多做幾份上機(jī)的模擬題熟悉一下很有用。

4. 筆記

筆記要有條理，用熟悉的符號，其中最常用的，如表原因，轉(zhuǎn)折，正面評價，負(fù)面評價等這些聽力中的重點考點，自己要準(zhǔn)備一系列又簡單自己又熟悉的符號，可以省不少時間，回答問題時，自己也容易看懂自己的筆記，做筆記就是有個平衡：詳細(xì)可讀性強(qiáng)，但又要省時間!

5. 心態(tài)

因為聽力的量大，速度快，稍不留神就把重要信息聽漏了，所以要保持高度集中的狀態(tài)，但是剛開始練習(xí)的時候，總是會走神，怎么辦呢?每聽到一種科目的文章，就想像自己是那個專業(yè)的學(xué)生，聽到美術(shù)方面的就想像自己是美術(shù)系的學(xué)生，聽到地理方面的，就想像自己是地理系的學(xué)生。

相信經(jīng)過一定時間的磨練，在備考時能多留心上述提到的注意事項，肯定能夠?qū)ν懈Ｂ犃_擊階段的練習(xí)有新的認(rèn)識，從而掌握更好的托福聽力技巧，輕松應(yīng)對托福聽力考試，天道小編祝大家學(xué)習(xí)愉快!

2020托福聽力練習(xí)：廢安非他命改變水下生態(tài)系統(tǒng)

Last week, tens of thousands of gallons of sewage gushed into urban streams in Baltimore, because of leaky pipes and flooding rains. And when that happens, it's not just organic matter and microbes that get flushed into aquatic habitats. It's drug residues, too: caffeine, antihistamines, headache drugs... even amphetamines and heroin.

Researchers actually detected all those drugs a few years ago, in a survey of urban and suburban streams in Baltimore. And they wanted to see what effect illegal drugs, like amphetamines, might have on aquatic ecosystems. So they built artificial streams in the lab, stocked with insects and real creek rocks—slippery ones with biofilms of algae and bacteria growing on them. Then they doped half the streams with amphetamine residues—similar to the concentrations found in real urban streams.

After three weeks, the mix of microbial life in the amphetamine-laced streams changed significantly, compared to the untainted waters. And insects like midges emerged earlier than usual—suggesting that drug residues might be able to alter food webs underwater, and on land, too. The results appear in the journal Environmental Science and Technology.

Previous studies have shown that even treated sewage has lots of drug residues in it—because most wastewater treatment plants weren't built to filter out pharmaceuticals. One solution, the researchers say, is more up-to-date wastewater infrastructure. Think of it as preventive medicine…for the nation's aquatic life.

上周，管道泄漏和暴雨導(dǎo)致數(shù)萬加侖污水流入巴爾的摩的城市河流中。流入水生棲息地的不僅有有機(jī)物質(zhì)和微生物，同時還有殘留的藥物：咖啡因、抗組胺劑、頭痛藥……甚至還有安非他命和海洛因。

實際上，研究人員在幾年前對巴爾的摩的城市河流和郊區(qū)河流進(jìn)行調(diào)查時，就發(fā)現(xiàn)了這些藥物。他們想了解安非他命等非法藥物對水生系統(tǒng)有什么影響。所以，他們在實驗室里建了一個人工河流，河流里面有昆蟲和真的溪巖，就是那些上面長有藻類和細(xì)菌的光滑巖石。然后他們在一半的人工河流中投放了安非他命殘留物，其濃度與真正的城市河流中的濃度相似。

三個星期以后，與未受污染的河流相比，加有安非他命河流中的微生物發(fā)生了重大的變化。搖蚊等小昆蟲出現(xiàn)的時間縮短，這表明藥物殘留物可能會改變水下的食物網(wǎng)，也可以改變陸地上的食物網(wǎng)。該研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《環(huán)境科學(xué)與技術(shù)》期刊上。

此前的研究表明，經(jīng)過處理的污水仍然含有大量的藥物殘留，這是因為大多數(shù)污水處理廠并并沒有過濾藥物。研究人員表示，其中一種解決方案是更新污水處理設(shè)備。就把這看作水生生物的預(yù)防藥吧。

重點講解：

1. because of 因為;由于;

例句：He had given up his job because of failing health.

由于體質(zhì)衰弱他放棄了工作。

2. be similar to 相像的;相仿的;類似的;

例句：My opinions are similar to hers.

我的看法跟她的相似。

3. compared to 與…相比;和…比起來;

例句：This problem was insignificant compared to others she faced.

這一問題與她面臨的其他問題比較起來算不得什么。

4. filter out 濾除;濾掉;

例句：Children should have glasses which filter out UV rays.

兒童應(yīng)該戴上濾除紫外線的眼鏡。

托福聽力練習(xí)：古墨西哥城市人熱衷養(yǎng)兔子

This is Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Cynthia Graber.

As humans developed civilizations in Eurasia and Northern Africa, they also domesticated animals for food and labor: horses, cows, goats, pigs, sheep and a few others. But no evidence existed for the deliberate cultivation and breeding of animals in North or Central America—until now.

"So at this ancient city of Teotihuacan in particular, which is really one of the earliest urban cities in North America..."

Andrew Somerville of the University of California San Diego, talking about the metropolis that once existed some 30 miles northeast of present-day Mexico City.

"...previous excavations have found a lot of rabbits. But at one compound in particular they found more evidence that they were interacting with rabbits more intensively. There was a statue of a rabbit. There was evidence that maybe they were butchering them. And this compound, which is called Oztoyahualco, actually had almost twice as many rabbit bones relative to the other complexes at the city. So it did seem like something was different with this particular compound."

Somerville and colleagues tested 134 rabbit bones at the 2,000-year-old site, as well as 13 contemporary samples. If the ancient rabbits fed on wild vegetation, the carbon isotopes in the bones would show evidence of what's known as the C3 photosynthetic pathway. But the domesticated crops of that time, such as corn and cactus fruit, employ what's called the C4 pathway—which leaves a different carbon isotope ratio in the bones.

"Fortunately we were able to actually show that rabbits from this compound did actually have higher carbon values, significantly higher carbon values. Which means that they did have significantly different diets from other rabbits within the city, and also significantly different diets than wild rabbits from around the region. Which is pretty strong evidence we say to show that they were actually being provisioned by humans, fed by humans, managed by humans."

The research is in the journal PLoS ONE.

It's true that the carbon evidence could also be the result of the rabbits being trapped in corn fields, where they were scavenging. But the presence of the dedicated pen and the statue of a rabbit led the scientists to conclude that the animals were in fact being raised—which changes our understanding of New World cities.

"That is one of these assumptions about the new world—that they just didn't have as intensive relationships with animals. That husbandry, especially with mammals, wasn't as important of a factor in their organization and supporting these big cities. So what we're showing is that maybe they were just as intensive in some respects as these old world cities but they're just less archaeologically visible. A rabbit leaves a much smaller footprint than a cow or a horse does."

人類在歐亞大陸和北非大陸繁衍了文明，同時也馴養(yǎng)了可以作為食物和勞動工具的動物，如馬、牛、山羊、豬、綿羊等。但是直到現(xiàn)在仍沒有證據(jù)表明人類在美洲北部和中部刻意培養(yǎng)和繁殖動物。

“所以，特別是古城特奧蒂瓦坎，這是北美最早的城市之一……”

加州大學(xué)圣地亞哥分校的安德魯·索默維爾認(rèn)為大都市曾經(jīng)出現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在的墨西哥城東北約30英里的地方。

“此前的挖掘工作發(fā)現(xiàn)了大量的兔子。特別是在其中一個建筑群，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了人類和兔子互動頻繁的更多證據(jù)。那里有一個兔子的雕像。有證明表明那里的人曾屠殺兔子。這個地方名為歐茲托雅胡科，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)這里兔子骨頭的數(shù)量是該市其他建筑群的兩倍。所以這個建筑群確實與眾不同。”

索默維爾和同事對這個已有2000年歷史的地方出土的134塊兔子骨頭和13塊現(xiàn)代兔子骨頭樣本進(jìn)行了檢測。如果古代兔子食用的是野生植被，那它們骨頭中的碳元素將會顯示出C3 光合途徑。而玉米和仙人果等當(dāng)時家養(yǎng)的作物，采用的是C4 光合途徑，這就會在兔子骨頭中留下不同的碳同位素比率。

“幸運的是，我們已經(jīng)可以證實在這個建筑群發(fā)現(xiàn)的兔子確實含有更高的碳值，而且是顯著升高的碳值。這表明它們與城市其它地區(qū)的兔子吃的東西明顯不同，而且和這個地區(qū)周圍的野生兔子吃的食物也完全不同。我們可以說這是非常強(qiáng)有力的證據(jù)，可以證明這些兔子是由人類喂養(yǎng)、飼養(yǎng)和管理的?！?/p>

該研究結(jié)果已發(fā)表在《公共科學(xué)圖書館·綜合》期刊上。

不過，碳元素也有可能是因為兔子被困在玉米地里，在那里覓食的結(jié)果。但是，專用圍欄和兔子雕像使科學(xué)家們斷定，這些動物實際上是由人類飼養(yǎng)的，這改變了我們對新大陸上的城市的理解。

“這是關(guān)于新大陸的其中一個假設(shè)——他們與動物的關(guān)系沒有那么密切。畜牧業(yè)，尤其是和哺乳動物的聯(lián)系，并不是當(dāng)時結(jié)構(gòu)中的重要因素，也不是支撐這些大型城市的重要因素。所以我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的可能只是他們在某些方面同這些古老世界城市的緊密聯(lián)系，但是在考古學(xué)上的證據(jù)卻不是那么明顯。畢竟一只兔子比一頭奶?；蛞黄ヱR留下的足跡要小得多?！?/p>

重點講解：

1. in particular 尤其;特別;

例句：He studies in particular the fishes of the Indian Ocean.

他專門研究印度洋的魚類。

2. as well as 除…之外;也;還;

例句：He can shoot as well as riding horse.

他不但能騎馬,而且能射擊。

3. be known as 認(rèn)為…是;把…看作是;

例句：The policeman was known as a drug buster.

這位警察被稱作毒販克星。

4. in fact (用于修正、引出相反意見或?qū)Ρ鹊?事實上，其實;

例句：In fact we were innocent of the crime.

事實上，我們是無辜的。