托福聽力備考提分重點(diǎn)在哪里
托福聽力備考提分重點(diǎn)在哪里?練好聽力需合理運(yùn)用這些方法。今天小編給大家?guī)硗懈Ｂ犃淇继岱种攸c(diǎn)在哪里，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
托福聽力備考提分重點(diǎn)在哪里?練好聽力需合理運(yùn)用這些方法
聽力做筆記能力要加強(qiáng)
在托福聽力進(jìn)行中，材料是只讀一遍的，而且在有些題目中，考生只有在材料播放完之后才能看到題目。正因如此，考生在聽的過程中做好筆記就成為了一個(gè)非常重要的環(huán)節(jié)。在記錄筆記的過程中，大家要做到條理清晰、書寫盡量工整、提倡使用一些自己慣用的縮寫和圖形來表達(dá)，提高記筆記的效率，并能夠?yàn)榇痤}時(shí)候高效準(zhǔn)確地提取信息打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。而只有這樣，大家在看到了題目后，才能根據(jù)之前所記錄的筆記，有條理地分析出最終答案。如果對聽力材料的內(nèi)容理解不是特別充分，或者對可能考查的重點(diǎn)及細(xì)節(jié)把握不夠，都會(huì)造成聽完材料之后卻對題目不知如何著手，這就要求大家在聽材料的過程中，除去對材料本身的理解把握及記錄之外，還應(yīng)該注意對話中談話雙方對所談?wù)搩?nèi)容的觀點(diǎn)及態(tài)度，從而從整體上感知材料，形成對材料的整體的全面的把握。
同步聽寫技巧不可不練
在托福聽力備考過程中，聽寫練習(xí)是一個(gè)非常重要的環(huán)節(jié)。而小編建議大家，對于聽寫練習(xí)的開展可以在有了一定聽力基礎(chǔ)后再正式開始。這么做的原因很簡單，聽力基礎(chǔ)較好的同學(xué)可以完全把握好聽和寫的節(jié)奏，在記錄“寫”的內(nèi)容時(shí)，也可以同時(shí)把握好“聽”的同步進(jìn)行，不會(huì)有相互博弈的問題產(chǎn)生。很多同學(xué)聽寫中常會(huì)自己跟自己打架，顧著聽就來不及寫，專心寫又沒聽清后面說的內(nèi)容，結(jié)果聽也沒聽懂，記錄也亂七八糟自己都看不懂。想要避免這種問題，考生一定要練好聽與寫之間的平衡和節(jié)奏感。
分析練習(xí)做錯(cuò)原因整理錯(cuò)題
在聽力練習(xí)完成之后，考生也不能簡單地核對答案就覺得萬事大吉。大家最好在核對答案的同時(shí)做好記錄，查看一下自己有沒有在同類問題或者相似內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)反復(fù)錯(cuò)誤的情況，通過對比發(fā)現(xiàn)可能存在的一些薄弱環(huán)節(jié)和高頻盲區(qū)，及時(shí)調(diào)整之后的訓(xùn)練目標(biāo)，有針對性地迅速搞定弱點(diǎn)問題，讓自己的練習(xí)能有真正的快速提升。
糾正發(fā)音讓聽力更準(zhǔn)確
有些考生可能會(huì)覺得，讀音和聽力有什么關(guān)系。實(shí)際上，不標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的發(fā)音不僅會(huì)影響到大家的口語考試，對于聽力同樣也是有損害的。明明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)音是那樣，考生自身認(rèn)知的發(fā)音卻有所差異，到了聽力考試中就容易出現(xiàn)明明聽到但聽不懂的情況。實(shí)際上，因?yàn)榘l(fā)音問題導(dǎo)致自己聽不懂標(biāo)準(zhǔn)考試聽力發(fā)音的情況并不少見。而托?？荚囎鳛橐婚T英語能力綜合測試，各個(gè)題型之間所需求的英語能力其實(shí)也是相互關(guān)聯(lián)的，糾正了讀音問題，不僅會(huì)直接讓各位的口語能力得到提升，也會(huì)讓聽力間接受益。因此，糾正讀音問題對于聽力來說也是必不可少的。
2020托福聽力練習(xí)：人類是超級(jí)捕食者
Small carnivores—like foxes or raccoons or badgers—are themselves prey for larger predators—like wolves. So they spend time hiding instead of hunting. This influence that big predators have on their ecosystem is called a "landscape of fear." But humans are wiping out most of the world's big predators. Which you might assume is good news for the small ones.
But some researchers think that humans exert our own landscape of fear. Those foxes, raccoons and badgers just keep on hiding—only now, they're hiding from us. In reality, the situation may be far worse.
"Humans kill these smaller carnivores, so things like raccoons and foxes that we have here in North America, European badgers that they have in the U.K. and elsewhere in Europe, and we kill them at a rate that's four times greater than their conventional large carnivore predators..."
Liana Zanette of Western University in London, Ontario.
"Because our killing of these smaller carnivores is kind of off the scale, we're considered the superpredator."
To see how humans have altered the landscape of fear, Zanette and her team traveled to a small forest that's home to lots of European badgers near Oxford in the U.K. They used hidden speakers to broadcast the sounds of bears and wolves—two historic predators, both of which are no longer a threat. They also played the sounds of sheep, dogs and people. Hidden cameras recorded the badgers' willingness to look for food outside of their burrows as those sounds were played.
They discovered that the badgers have retained some of their fear of bear sounds, and know that dogs still pose a threat. But they've lost their fear of wolves.
"They treated the wolf calls just like the sheep calls."
Despite their fear of bears and dogs, the badgers still eventually went out to eat amid their sounds. But when they heard people "they would not emerge from their burrows at all until the human sounds were completely off. So they would cower in their burrows for the two hours that the sounds were on, waiting for those human sounds to go off."
In other words, they were leery of bears but were downright terrified of us. The findings are in the journal Behavioral Ecology.
"The badgers recognize who their enemies are...they have recognized humans as their principle threat."
狐貍、浣熊、獾等小型食肉動(dòng)物是狼等較大食肉動(dòng)物的獵物。所以它們大部分時(shí)間在躲藏而不是捕獵。這種大型捕食者對小型動(dòng)物生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響被稱為 “恐懼景觀”。不過人類正在毀滅世界上大部分大型捕食動(dòng)物。你可能會(huì)認(rèn)為這對小型食肉動(dòng)物來說是個(gè)好消息。
但是一些研究人員認(rèn)為，人類正在施加我們自己的“恐懼景觀”的作用。導(dǎo)致狐貍，浣熊和獾繼續(xù)保持躲藏的狀態(tài)，雖然現(xiàn)在它們只是躲著我們。但實(shí)際上，情況可能會(huì)更糟。
“人類獵殺這些小型食肉動(dòng)物，所以像北美洲的浣熊和狐貍以及英國和歐洲其他地方的歐洲獾，人類對它們的獵殺率比它們傳統(tǒng)意義上的天敵——大型食肉動(dòng)物對它們的獵殺率要高4倍?！?/p>
利亞納·詹尼特來自安大略省倫敦西大學(xué)。
“因?yàn)槲覀內(nèi)祟悓@些小型動(dòng)物的獵殺屬于超標(biāo)情況，所以人類應(yīng)該被視為超級(jí)捕食者。”
為了查明人類是如何改變這種“恐懼景觀”的，詹尼特和她的團(tuán)隊(duì)前往英國牛津郡附近的一個(gè)小森林，那里是大量歐洲獾的棲息地。他們使用隱藏的揚(yáng)聲器播放熊和狼的聲音，這兩種曾經(jīng)的捕食者現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再構(gòu)成威脅了。他們還播放了綿羊、犬類和人類的聲音。隱藏?cái)z像機(jī)對獾在聽到這些聲音時(shí)是否愿意出洞覓食的情況進(jìn)行了記錄。
他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，獾對熊仍有一些恐懼，而且它們知道狗也對他們構(gòu)成威脅。不過它們已經(jīng)不再害怕狼。
“它們對狼叫的反應(yīng)和聽到羊叫差不多?！?/p>
雖然獾仍然害怕熊和狗，但是它們最后還是在這些動(dòng)物的叫聲中外出覓食。但是當(dāng)它們聽到人類的聲音時(shí)，“直到人類的聲音完全消失以后，它們才肯從洞里出來。所以在人類聲音播放的兩個(gè)小時(shí)里，它們可能會(huì)躲在洞里發(fā)抖，等待人類的聲音消失?！?/p>
換言之，獾對熊保持警覺，但是對我們?nèi)祟悇t是徹底的恐懼。這一研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《行為生態(tài)學(xué)》期刊上。
“獾認(rèn)出了誰是它們的敵人……它們把人類當(dāng)作它們的主要威脅。”
重點(diǎn)講解：
1. wipe out 摧毀;毀滅;使滅絕;
例句：Some animals have been wiped out through ignorance.
有些動(dòng)物由于人們的無知而滅絕了。
2. in reality 事實(shí)上;實(shí)際上;
例句：The house looks very old, but in reality it's quite new.
這房子看起來很舊，實(shí)際上很新。
3. in other words 換言之;換句話說;也就是說;
例句：In other words, she must give up singing.
換言之，她必須放棄唱歌。
4. be leery of 猜疑的;警覺的;有戒心的;
例句：I tend to be a bit leery of cut-price bargains.
我對減價(jià)商品有點(diǎn)戒心。
2020托福聽力練習(xí)：樺樹在夜晚進(jìn)入睡眠
This is Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Cynthia Graber.
Many people remember the colors of the rainbow by the acronym ROY G. BIV. For red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. Well, the color indigo just made news.
Indigo gets its name from the plant Indigofera tinctoria and its relatives, which supply the dye that makes fabric the rich, beautiful color between blue and violet.
Indigo dye was used around the ancient world in fabrics created from Egypt to China to Meso and South America. And it's in South America that researchers recently found the oldest known example of fabrics dyed with indigo.
The artifacts were discovered at Huaca Prieta, a ceremonial mound on the coast in northern Peru. But their color was initially hidden by the grey tones that had leached into them from the materials used in the mound itself. But when a conservator carefully washed the fabric, the true colors reappeared.
"And it was at that point that I realized we probably had indigo and it was probably the world's oldest indigo."
Jeffrey Splitstoser, an anthropologist at George Washington University.
"Which was really exciting. I hadn't thought I'd be discovering, or we would be discovering, the world's oldest indigo, when I took on this project."
The research is in the journal Science Advances.
The dyed fabric is about 6,000 years old.
"In the Middle East there are inscriptions that discuss blue fabrics that date to about 3100 B.C. These are just texts though. And so we think they're referring probably to the earliest Old World indigo-blue dyed textiles. So that would date to about 5,000 years ago, 3100 B.C. And so these are at least 1,000 years older than that. And the earliest known indigo blue textiles were from Egypt and they date to around 4400 B.P., before present. So these are almost 2,000 years older than those."
Splitstoser says that the discovery means it's likely that the techniques to dye fabric blue were developed in the Americas before they were developed in Egypt.
"It really means that we have to look at the ancient Andes as one of the earliest sources of textile innovations in the world."
許多人記得彩虹的顏色按照首字母排列為ROYGBIV。這些首字母分別代表紅、橙、黃、綠、藍(lán)、靛、紫。而靛色最近有了新的消息。
靛藍(lán)色得名于木藍(lán)以及其相關(guān)植物，這些植物可以提供染料，讓布料變成介于藍(lán)色和紫色之間的一種富貴、美麗的顏色。
靛藍(lán)染料在古代用于對布料進(jìn)行染色，而這些布料一般產(chǎn)自埃及、中國、中美洲以及南美洲等地方。最近，研究人員就在南美洲發(fā)現(xiàn)了目前已知最古老的靛藍(lán)染色布料。
人們在普雷塔遺址發(fā)現(xiàn)了這些手工藝品，普雷塔遺址位于秘魯北部海岸，是一個(gè)曾用于舉行儀式的土丘。但是這些手工藝品的顏色最初被灰色基調(diào)所掩蓋，而灰色來自于土堆本身材料的滲透。但是，當(dāng)一位文物修復(fù)員仔細(xì)清理這些布料后，其真正的顏色重新顯現(xiàn)出來。
“就在那時(shí)我意識(shí)到，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的可能是是靛藍(lán)色，而且這可能是世界上最古老的靛藍(lán)色?！?/p>
杰弗里·斯皮里特瑟是喬治華盛頓大學(xué)的人類學(xué)家。
“這太讓人興奮了。我在做這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的時(shí)候，從來沒想過我或者說我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)世界上最古老的靛藍(lán)色?！?/p>
這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)表在《科學(xué)進(jìn)展》期刊上。
這塊染色布料大約有6000年的歷史。
約公元前3100年，在中東有討論藍(lán)色布料的銘文。雖然這些只是文字材料。不過，我們認(rèn)為它們指的可能是最古老的靛藍(lán)色紡織品。因此，靛藍(lán)色染料的歷史可追溯到5000年前，即大約公元前3100年。而這些新發(fā)現(xiàn)的染色布料至少要早1000年。此前已知最古老的靛藍(lán)色紡織品來自于古埃及，距今大約4400年。所以，新發(fā)現(xiàn)的染色布料比那些要早約2000年。
斯皮里特瑟表示，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，美洲發(fā)明將布料染成藍(lán)色的技術(shù)很可能早于埃及。
“這實(shí)際上意味著，我們必須將古安第斯地區(qū)視為世界上織物創(chuàng)新最早的起源地之一?！?/p>
重點(diǎn)講解：
1. take on 承擔(dān)，接受(尤指艱巨工作或重大責(zé)任);
例句：He is ready to take on heavy responsibilities.
他樂于承擔(dān)重?fù)?dān)。
2. refer to 提到，指的是;
例句：It can refer to an academic subject or a practical skill.
這一詞既可指某一學(xué)科也可指某種技能。
3. at least (數(shù)量)至少，不少于;
例句：Cacao has been cultivated for at least three millennia in Mexico, Central and South America.
在墨西哥及中南美洲，可可樹至少已有了三百萬年的種植歷史。
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