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托福閱讀各題型快速審題實(shí)用技巧精講

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托福閱讀提升速度不僅需要從讀文章方面入手,也同樣需要關(guān)注提升解題自身的效率。今天給大家?guī)砹送懈i喿x各題型快速審題實(shí)用技巧精講,希望能夠幫助到大家在托??荚囍心酶叻?,下面小編就和大家分享,來欣賞一下吧。

托福閱讀各題型快速審題實(shí)用技巧精講

細(xì)節(jié)推斷修辭目的3大題型審題技巧講解

對(duì)于托福閱讀中的細(xì)節(jié)題,推斷題和修辭目的題,審題是非常關(guān)鍵的。如果考生審題不清晰,或是直接看選項(xiàng)對(duì)比原文,很容易會(huì)答非所問。而提升這類題型的審題效率需要從兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行強(qiáng)化。一方面是閱讀詞匯,詞匯是基礎(chǔ),掌握了一定量的詞匯才能無障礙理解題目;另一方面要注重題目問的是什么,是what,why,where還是which。與此同時(shí)要特別注意題目中的邏輯關(guān)系,這不僅能幫助我們定位原文細(xì)節(jié),還能提升考生對(duì)題目的理解能力。

實(shí)例講解

【官方真題Official1】Timberline Vegetation on Mountains中的第三題:Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about the upper and lower timberlines?

拿到題目后首先看疑問詞,問的是which,另外infer出現(xiàn)表示這是一道推斷題,這兩步驟都可以一掃而過,關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)在about之后,找到要我們推斷的點(diǎn)是什么,此題問的是the upper and lower timberlines,and的出現(xiàn)表示是并列結(jié)構(gòu),也就說下面選項(xiàng)中所推斷的信息必須同時(shí)符合the upper timberlines 和 the lower timberlines的特征,必須是共同的特征。理解清楚題目后再回原文找the upper timberlines 和 the lower timberlines,找到他們描述的共同點(diǎn)就是答案所在之處了。

托福閱讀這些題型不用審題也能做

除了上述審題十分關(guān)鍵的托福閱讀題型外,還有一些題型不需要仔細(xì)審題,看到題目后直接按照各自的解題方式解題。這包括詞匯題,指代題(此類題型現(xiàn)在基本不考),句子簡(jiǎn)化題,句子插入題和全文總結(jié)題(6選3)。詞匯題和指代題會(huì)在原文中標(biāo)注出考查的單詞或詞組,我們考試時(shí)無需花太多時(shí)間讀題,只要知道考查的是什么詞,直接回原文閱讀或直接對(duì)比選項(xiàng)。句子簡(jiǎn)化題,插入題和全文總結(jié)題的題干很長,但固定,也就是說這一題型的題干每次都一樣。如果每次花時(shí)間閱讀,費(fèi)事又不一定理解正確。所以一定在考前學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)先仔細(xì)閱讀分析句子簡(jiǎn)化題的題干,理解出題原則和解題要求,牢記于心,考試的時(shí)候就無需再花時(shí)間閱讀題干,直接分析考查的句子即可。

托福閱讀備考之長難句分析:史前猛犸

Amid rumors that there were prehistoric mammoths wandering around the unknown region and that somewhere in its wilds was a mountain of rock salt 80 by 45 miles in extent,the two captains set out.

(同位語從句rumors that…)

當(dāng)時(shí)有一些傳言,說有史前的猛犸在這一陌生的區(qū)域活動(dòng),而且在這一區(qū)域的某個(gè)地方有一座巨大的鹽石山,其面積達(dá)80英里長50英里寬。就在這些傳言中,兩位上尉出發(fā)了。

分句1:Amid rumors

分句2:that there were prehistoric mammoths wandering around the unknown region

分句3:and that somewhere in its wilds was a mountain of rock salt 80 by 45 miles in extent

分句4:the two captains set out.

整個(gè)句子的主句是分句4.

"Amid" 表示“在 ......之中", 是介詞,它引導(dǎo)的分句1嵌套著分句2和分句3,并且在整句話中作狀語。 而分句2和分句3是并列關(guān)系的同位語從句來修飾分句1中的rumors,作rumors的同位語從句,用來說明謠言的具體內(nèi)容。

托福閱讀備考之長難句分析:熱帶地區(qū)土地面積

The tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higher latitudes——a fact that is not always evident when we examine commonly used projections of Earth's curved surface, since this tends to exaggerate the areas of land in the higher latitudes——and some biogeographers regard the differences in diversity as a reflection of this effect. (TPO40, 55)

tropics n. 熱帶

projection n. 發(fā)射,投射;

exaggerate /?g'z?d??re?t/ v. 夸張,夸大

大家自己先讀,不回讀,看一遍是否能理解

The tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higherlatitudes——(a fact) (that is not always evident) (when we examine commonly used projections of Earth's curved surface), (since this tends to exaggerate the areas of land in the higher latitudes)——and some biogeographers regard the differences in diversity as a reflection of this effect. (TPO40,55)

托福閱讀長難句100句分析:

這個(gè)句子的主干就是一個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu),中間被一個(gè)破折號(hào)隔開了。

The tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higher latitudes and some biogeographers regard the differences in diversity as a reflection of this effect.

修飾一:(a fact) ,同位語

中文:一個(gè)事實(shí)

修飾二:(that is not always evident) ,從句

中文:不總是那么明顯

修飾三:(when we examine commonly used projections of Earth's curved surface) ,從句

中文:當(dāng)我們?cè)谧屑?xì)觀察通常所用的地球曲面投影時(shí)

修飾四:(since this tends to exaggerate the areas of land in the higher latitudes) ,從句

中文:因?yàn)檫@往往夸大了高緯度的土地面積

托福閱讀長難句100句參考翻譯:

熱帶比高緯度包含更大的的土地面積——當(dāng)我們?cè)谧屑?xì)觀察通常所用的地球曲面投影時(shí),這一事實(shí)并不總是顯而易見的,因?yàn)檫@往往夸大了高緯度的土地面積——并且一些生物地理學(xué)家認(rèn)為多樣性的差異反映了這一影響。

這個(gè)句子的主要修飾成分就是從句和同位語,大家務(wù)必想清楚,每一個(gè)修飾成分修飾的是什么,才能看清楚這個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。

托福閱讀備考之長難句分析:生物多樣化

Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity,the number of species in a particular ecosystem,to the health of the Earth and human well-being.

(倒裝coincident with concerns…h(huán)as been…=…h(huán)as been coincident with concerns…)

【譯句】在對(duì)物種和動(dòng)物棲息地加速消失表示關(guān)注的同時(shí),人們也越來越認(rèn)識(shí)到生物多樣化,即一個(gè)特定生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中物種的數(shù)量對(duì)地球的健康以及人類幸福的重要性。

此句是完全倒裝句,謂語動(dòng)詞是 has been,真正的主語是has been 后面的內(nèi)容。Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats是表語。

原來的正常語序是: A growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity,the number of species in a particular ecosystem,to the health of the Earth and human well-being has been coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats

其中 the number of species in a particular ecosystem 是插入語,作為同位語出現(xiàn),用來解釋說明biological diversity。

在這句話真正的主語中有一個(gè) " the importance of A to B" 的結(jié)構(gòu),應(yīng)該翻譯為“A對(duì)B的重要性”。 原句中就是 "the importance of biological diversity to the health of the Earth and human well-being " 叫做“生物多樣性對(duì)于地球和人類幸福健康的重要性"。

托福閱讀備考之長難句分析:天然維生素

托福閱讀長難句:懷孕魚龍群

There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones,that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs,that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like.

(并列同位語從句reports that…,that…,that…)

關(guān)于天然維生素優(yōu)于人造維生素,受精蛋比未受精蛋的營養(yǎng)價(jià)值更高,未經(jīng)熏蒸消毒處理的谷物比經(jīng)過處理的好等等報(bào)道屢見不鮮,但都沒有得到證實(shí)。

分句1:There are numerous unsubstantiated reports

分句2:that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones

分句3:that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs

分句4:that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like

分句1是整個(gè)長句的主句,分句2、分句3和分句4是并列關(guān)系,共同構(gòu)成分句1的同位語從句。本句的意思是有很多沒有經(jīng)過證實(shí)的報(bào)道,然后并列了三個(gè)未經(jīng)過證實(shí)的報(bào)道的從句。



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