關(guān)于定位詞的雅思A類閱讀出題思路

今天小編為大家?guī)?lái)關(guān)于定位詞的雅思A類閱讀出題思路，幫助考生有效突破。下面小編就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。

關(guān)于定位詞的雅思A類閱讀出題思路

首先，我們來(lái)看一下劍橋6P91的Q17。

As a result, factors such as 17_______ and attitudes to children have been eliminated ...

文中出現(xiàn)了我們非常熟悉的and結(jié)構(gòu)，找到attitudes基本上距離答案就不遠(yuǎn)了。另外，并列結(jié)構(gòu) such as 前的factors,以及部分考鴨不太熟悉的eliminated,也具有提示作用?；氐皆亩ㄎ?。

Now a long-term study carried out in Nicaragua has eliminated these factors by showing that teaching reading to poor adult women, who would other wise have remained illiterate, has a direct effect on their children's health and survival.

我們找到了factors和eliminated， 但既沒有找到and結(jié)構(gòu)，也沒找到attitudes。不少考生會(huì)習(xí)慣性繼續(xù)向下尋找，進(jìn)而距離答案越來(lái)越遠(yuǎn)。這里，我們忽視掉了非常重要的一個(gè)代詞these。它用來(lái)指代前面的結(jié)構(gòu)，也暗示前面出現(xiàn)了我們需要的factors。我們只需向前看一句，便輕松得到了答案。

Most literate women learnt to read in primary school, and the fact that a woman has had aneducation may simply indicate her family's wealth or that it values its children more highly.

我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu) and和or, 而題目中and 后跟的‘a(chǎn)ttitudes to children ’與這句話中‘it values its children more highly ’做了同義轉(zhuǎn)述，所以答案應(yīng)為or前方的 family’s wealth，選項(xiàng)J即為答案。這里attitude 的同義轉(zhuǎn)述無(wú)形中增加了難度，即使大家先于定位句看到這句話也不容易得到答案。但是，有了these的提示，并謹(jǐn)記‘代詞向前看’這一原則，相信答案就會(huì)乖乖地到碗里來(lái)。

同樣的案例也出現(xiàn)在了劍橋8的P29，請(qǐng)大家自行完成。

Positive results could be produced by factors such as 34 ………… or 35 ………….

原文: Just because chance had been ruled out as an explanation did not prove telepathy must exist; there were many other ways of getting positive results. These ranged from 'sensory leakage' - where clues about the pictures accidentally reach the receiver - to outright fraud. In response, the researchers issued a review of all the Garfield studies done up to 1985 to show that 80 per cent had found statistically significant evidence. However, they also agreed that there were still too many problems in the experiments which could lead to positive results, and they drew up a list demanding new standards for future research.

我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，上面的案例還僅僅局限于兩句之間的代詞指代作用，但如果大家的認(rèn)識(shí)僅僅局限于此，就太小看代詞these了。下面咱們?cè)倏匆粋€(gè)例子，這個(gè)題目是來(lái)自劍橋9P21的Q14，為文章的B段選標(biāo)題。

原文:

In discussing whether we are alone, most SETI scientists adopt two ground rules. First, UFOs (Unidentified Flying Objects) are generally ignored since most scientists don’t consider the evidence for them to be strong enough to bear serious consideration although it is also important to keep an open mind in case any really convincing evidence emerges in the future. Second, we make a very conservative assumption that we are looking for a life form that is pretty well like us, since if it differs radically from us we may well not recognize it as a life form, quite apart from whether we are able to communicate with it. In other words, the life form we are looking for may well have two green heads and seven fingers, but it will nevertheless resemble us in that it should communicate with its fellows, be interested in the Universe, live on a planet orbiting a star like our Sun, and perhaps most restrictively, have a chemistry, like us, based on carbon and water.

我已經(jīng)非常善良地為大家劃出了體現(xiàn)此段結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)鍵提示，但當(dāng)你看到選項(xiàng)‘iv. Assumptions underlying the search for extra terrestrial intelligence ’時(shí)，不知是否有絕對(duì)把握選擇它。在非常短的時(shí)間內(nèi)選出這個(gè)答案還是需要實(shí)力的，而且不少考生即使選中此選項(xiàng)也不是特別確定，心理上的波動(dòng)對(duì)下面的題目也會(huì)有一定影響。但是當(dāng)我們看到C段首句‘Even when we make these assumptions, our understanding of other life forms is still severely limited.’時(shí)，我們會(huì)非常自信地選出答案iv。這里，these assumptions 對(duì)上一段信息做了概括，可見these的強(qiáng)大。同樣的案例在劍橋7P70的Q14也有所體現(xiàn)，只不過(guò)將B段首句中的techniques替換為了iv.選項(xiàng)中的methods罷了。

實(shí)際上，在代詞家族中this、that、they、those等都有類似用法，有心的考鴨可以在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中做個(gè)有心人，留意觀察，并謹(jǐn)記‘代詞向前看’的原則，相信這些起到指代作用的代詞會(huì)在大家奪取雅思閱讀高分的路上助大家一臂之力。另外，在雅思寫作中合理使用代詞起到暗連接作用也是備受考官親睞的,大家不妨試一下。

雅思雙語(yǔ)閱讀：愛情不是婚姻唯一保鮮秘訣

A photo of Kim Hee Sun and his husband. Australian researchers have identified what it takes to keep a couple together, and it's a lot more than just being in love.

Living happily ever after needn't only be for fairy tales. Australian researchers have identified what it takes to keep a couple together, and it's a lot more than just being in love.

A couple's age, previous relationships and even whether they smoke or not are factors that influence whether their marriage is going to last, according to a study by researchers from the Australian National University.

The study, entitled "What's Love Got to Do With It", tracked nearly 2,500 couples - married or living together - from 2001 to 2007 to identify factors associated with those who remained together compared with those who divorced or separated.

It found that a husband who is nine or more years older than his wife is twice as likely to get divorced, as are husbands who get married before they turn 25.

Children also influence the longevity of a marriage or relationship, with one-fifth of couples who have kids before marriage - either from a previous relationship or in the same relationship - having separated compared to just nine percent of couples without children born before marriage.

Women who want children much more than their partners are also more likely to get a divorce.

A couple's parents also have a role to play in their own relationship, with the study showing some 16 percent of men and women whose parents ever separated or divorced experienced marital separation themselves compared to 10 percent for those whose parents did not separate.

Also, partners who are on their second or third marriage are 90 percent more likely to separate than spouses who are both in their first marriage.

Not surprisingly, money also plays a role, with up to 16 percent of respondents who indicated they were poor or where the husband - not the wife - was unemployed saying they had separated, compared with only nine percent of couples with healthy finances.

雅思閱讀漫話文章結(jié)構(gòu)：人文社科類

書籍、電影、戲劇這些藝術(shù)作品往往是扎根在生活，然后通過(guò)一定的藝術(shù)手段來(lái)升華，然后達(dá)到教化民眾，提升素質(zhì)的目的。雅思考試作為一種專業(yè)的語(yǔ)言測(cè)試系統(tǒng)，它所用到的人文社科類文章也同樣是“源于生活高于生活”的?？忌诳荚囘^(guò)程中會(huì)遇見自己所熟悉的一些社會(huì)現(xiàn)象、事跡或者自己不熟悉的某些試驗(yàn)、研究。但是，雅思考試的閱讀文章不會(huì)止于對(duì)于這些現(xiàn)象或者試驗(yàn)的簡(jiǎn)單敘述。以下，專家就社會(huì)現(xiàn)象類及實(shí)驗(yàn)研究類這兩類文章的常見文章結(jié)構(gòu)作簡(jiǎn)單的分析。

社會(huì)現(xiàn)象類的文章，一般在對(duì)于這些現(xiàn)象加以描述之后，往往緊接著章還會(huì)對(duì)這些現(xiàn)象做一定程度的背景或原因分析，然后是這些現(xiàn)象造成的后果及人們的應(yīng)對(duì)措施，當(dāng)然往往有些文章最后還少不了對(duì)于這種現(xiàn)象的未來(lái)展望。

試驗(yàn)研究類的文章，開始會(huì)介紹這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的一些基本情況，如試驗(yàn)主體、試驗(yàn)對(duì)象等等，之后往往會(huì)介紹試驗(yàn)的具體操作過(guò)程，然后是實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果，及最終的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)論。當(dāng)然也會(huì)出現(xiàn)這樣的情況，即試驗(yàn)過(guò)程中有很多不同的學(xué)者通過(guò)不同的途徑來(lái)作試驗(yàn)研究，也得出了一些結(jié)論，往往這些結(jié)論是各不相同甚至矛盾的，引發(fā)很多爭(zhēng)議。這樣的文章出現(xiàn)，往往會(huì)伴隨著人物觀點(diǎn)題。

以下選取了劍橋5，Test 3的第一篇Early Childhood Education 這一篇典型的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究類文章給考生分析一下行文結(jié)構(gòu)：通過(guò)對(duì)于文章各段的大致瀏覽，考生可以了解到文章主要是講述了Headstart 及 Missouri 兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。開始描述了實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的及實(shí)驗(yàn)主體;緊接著介紹了兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的具體進(jìn)程;之后是實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果及相關(guān)的結(jié)論。

在了解了文章的大致行文結(jié)構(gòu)之后，對(duì)于考生的解題也是有相當(dāng)?shù)膸椭?。特別是考生比較頭疼的“段落信息包含題”，即文章1-4的Which paragraph contains the following information? 拿其中的第4題舉個(gè)例子，‘a(chǎn) description of the positive outcomes of an education programme’, 題目當(dāng)中既然出現(xiàn)了‘outcomes’這樣的詞，那么根據(jù)正常行文的結(jié)構(gòu)，一定是出現(xiàn)在文章的最后部分的。

劍橋5，Test 1的第二篇Nature or Nurture?的第16題：the identity of the pupils此題和上述題型一致，同屬信息包含題。題目問(wèn)的是學(xué)生的身份應(yīng)該歸屬于哪一段。那么根據(jù)正常行文的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)判斷的話，這種身份介紹性的內(nèi)容大多數(shù)情況下是會(huì)出現(xiàn)在文章的開始部分的，所以答案是B段。

雙語(yǔ)閱讀：法國(guó)游客小氣傲慢全球最差

A foreign tourist smokes from a water pipe in a coffee shop in Cairo February 23, 2009.(Agencies)

French tourists are the worst in the world, coming across as bad at foreign languages, tight-fisted and arrogant, according to a survey of 4,500 hotel owners across the world.

They finish in last place in the survey carried out for internet travel agency Expedia by polling company TNS Infratest, which said French holidaymakers don't speak local languages and are seen as impolite.

"It's mainly the fact that they speak little or no English when they're abroad, and they don't speak much of the local language," Expedia Marketing Director Timothee de Roux told radio station France Info.

"The French don't go abroad very much. We're lucky enough to have a country which is magnificent in terms of its landscape and culture," he said, adding that 90 per cent of French people did their traveling at home. "

So when they're on holiday they can be a bit stressed, they're not used to things, and this can lead them to be demanding in a way which could be seen as a certain arrogance."

French tourists are also accused of generally spending less than other nationalities when abroad.

De Roux said the French, not accustomed to leaving large tips at home where a service charge is automatically levied on restaurant bills, can seem "tight-fisted" compared with other nationalities.

The Japanese ranked top of the Best Tourist survey, with the British and the Germans judged the best of the Europeans.

But French tourists received some consolation for their poor performance, finishing third after the Italians and British for dress sense while on holiday.

Vocabulary:

levy: 征收，征稅

根據(jù)一項(xiàng)對(duì)全世界4500家旅館老板的調(diào)查，法國(guó)游客是世界上最糟糕的游客，他們外語(yǔ)講得差，既小氣又傲慢。

這項(xiàng)由市場(chǎng)調(diào)查公司TNS Infratest為在線旅行社Expedia所做的調(diào)查顯示，法國(guó)游客排在最后一名，他們不講本地語(yǔ)言，而且被認(rèn)為不禮貌。

“這主要是因?yàn)榉▏?guó)人在國(guó)外幾乎不說(shuō)英語(yǔ)，而且他們也不太會(huì)本地語(yǔ)言，” Expedia的營(yíng)銷總監(jiān)蒂莫西?德?路克斯在接受法國(guó)電臺(tái)France Info采訪時(shí)說(shuō)。

他說(shuō)：“法國(guó)人不經(jīng)常出國(guó)。我們很幸運(yùn)，他們的國(guó)家幅員遼闊、文化繁榮?！?他還說(shuō)90%的法國(guó)人都選擇在國(guó)內(nèi)旅行。

“所以當(dāng)他們?cè)谕舛燃俚臅r(shí)候，會(huì)感到有些壓抑，他們對(duì)周遭不大適應(yīng)，這可能會(huì)讓他們行為苛刻，并可能被視為傲慢。”

法國(guó)游客還被認(rèn)為在國(guó)外總體上比其他國(guó)家的游客花錢更少。

德?路克斯說(shuō)，法國(guó)人在國(guó)內(nèi)時(shí)不習(xí)慣給高額小費(fèi)，因?yàn)樵诜▏?guó)服務(wù)費(fèi)會(huì)被自動(dòng)算在飯館的帳單上，所以和其他國(guó)家的游客相比，法國(guó)游客看起來(lái)更吝嗇。

在最佳游客調(diào)查中，日本人排在第一位，英國(guó)人和德國(guó)人被評(píng)為最好的歐洲游客。

盡管法國(guó)游客表現(xiàn)不佳，但是他們?cè)诙燃倨陂g穿著品位排行中名列第三，僅次于意大利和英國(guó)游客，這也算是一種安慰吧。