GRE等價(jià)是什么題型
GRE等價(jià)是什么題型?入門(mén)新手必看GRE填空SE題型解題策略實(shí)例分析,我們一起來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)一下吧，下面小編就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。
GRE等價(jià)是什么題型?入門(mén)新手必看GRE填空SE題型解題策略實(shí)例分析
GRE句子等價(jià)題基本概念介紹
新GRE句子等價(jià)題(Sentence Equivalence)，也叫單空雙選題， 只有一個(gè)空格，要求從提供的六個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出兩個(gè)正確答案(只選出一個(gè)正確答案者不得分)，而且要做到兩個(gè)答案各自所構(gòu)成的句子是等價(jià)的，即意義相同。GRE句子等價(jià)題強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)同一語(yǔ)境下的同義關(guān)系的把握，因?yàn)樗x的兩個(gè)答案在同一個(gè)句子中必須是同義詞。需要注意的是，GRE等價(jià)題中可能出現(xiàn)的同義詞并非只有一組，6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中包含2組甚至3組同近義詞的情況也是存在的，如果考生想要采取直接看答案找同義詞選項(xiàng)做題的取巧方法，可能反而會(huì)搬起石頭砸自己的腳。
GRE句子等價(jià)題解題策略講解
由此可見(jiàn)，句子等價(jià)題可以視為兩類題的疊加：目前的GRE考試的句子填空中的單空題加上語(yǔ)境中的同義詞選擇。同樣，做題的技巧也可以是上述兩類題各自做題技巧的迭加。首先，考生可以根據(jù)句子填空的單空題的做題方法(即根據(jù)句子本身的語(yǔ)義與邏輯)確定第一個(gè)答案。然后，根據(jù)句子的語(yǔ)境，找一個(gè)語(yǔ)義上與第一個(gè)答案近似的詞。這樣我們就可以確定所要求的兩個(gè)答案。比起直接看選項(xiàng)尋找成對(duì)的近義詞，這種先確定一個(gè)單詞再找其匹配選項(xiàng)的做法才是更有效率的解答等價(jià)題的方法。
GRE等價(jià)題解題思路實(shí)例分析
例題：
Although it does contain some pioneering ideas, one would hardly characterize the work as BLANK。
A. orthodox
B. eccentric
C. original
D. trifling
E. conventional
F. innovative
解析：although說(shuō)明主句與從句部分構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。同時(shí)，由于主句中的hardly表示否定，那么可以確定空格中要填的詞與從句中的 pioneering(創(chuàng)新的)為同義詞，F(xiàn). innovative(創(chuàng)新的)符合要求，為第一個(gè)答案。C. original(原創(chuàng)的)為innovative在此語(yǔ)境中的同義詞，因此是第二個(gè)答案。
總而言之，GRE句子等價(jià)題對(duì)于考生的考驗(yàn)不僅在于GRE詞匯本身，更重要的是強(qiáng)調(diào)了對(duì)核心詞匯的深度認(rèn)識(shí)和理解以及在此基礎(chǔ)上的同近義詞辨析以及實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力，因此，做好等價(jià)題考生需要做的已不僅僅是背熟GRE考試詞匯那么簡(jiǎn)單了，其中需要用到的解題技巧，希望大家能夠在看過(guò)本文后有更深一層的理解。
GRE填空考試的秘密
(4) 憑借具有指示作用的形容詞或代詞來(lái)尋找重復(fù)
Longdale and Stern discovered that mitochondria and chloroplasts ___ a long, identifiable sequence of DNA; such a coincidence could be ___ only by the transfer of DNA between the two systems.
A. manufacture.. accomplished B. reveal.. repeated C. exhibit.. determined
D. share.. explained E. maintain.. contradicted
下半句的such a coincidence說(shuō)明第一空格的動(dòng)詞填入后應(yīng)體現(xiàn)為是一種巧合，兩個(gè)看不懂是什么的、只知道是不一樣的東西(非相關(guān)專業(yè)的絕大部分學(xué)生是不太可能認(rèn)識(shí)mitochondria和chloroplasts這兩個(gè)詞的)怎樣了一個(gè)長(zhǎng)的、可以認(rèn)為是一模一樣的DNA序列就是一個(gè)巧合呢?當(dāng)然只有D的share表示了這個(gè)意思。
Laws do not ensure social order since laws can always be ___ , which makes them ___ unless the authorities have the will and the power to detect and punish wrongdoing.
A. contested.. provisional B. circumvented.. antiquated C. repealed.. vulnerable
D. violated.. ineffective E. modified.. unstable
Which指代逗號(hào)前面的那句話，也就是“法律不保障社會(huì)秩序”，這就使得法律怎樣呢?當(dāng)然只有D選項(xiàng)的ineffective符合句意。
3. 對(duì)于含義晦澀的句子，判斷語(yǔ)氣或感情色彩是有效地解決方法，有時(shí)候甚至是唯一的方法。
Johnson never ___ to ignore the standards of decent conduct mandated by company policy if ___ compliance with instructions from his superiors enabled him to do so, whatever the effects on his subordinates.
A. deigned.. tacit B. attempted.. halfhearted C. intended.. direct
D. scrupled.. literal E. wished.. feigned
這句話對(duì)于英語(yǔ)閱讀能力較差的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，通過(guò)正常的閱讀理解來(lái)做還是有些難度的。但是如果注意到whatever the effects on his subordinates(無(wú)論對(duì)下級(jí)產(chǎn)生什么影響)的語(yǔ)氣，就可以判斷第一空格填入后應(yīng)表示johnson干的不是什么好事，唯一符合這一判斷的是D選項(xiàng)。
Ironically, the party leaders encountered no greater ___ their efforts to build a progressive party than the ___ of the progressives already elected to the legislature.
A. support for.. advocacy B. threat to.. promise C. benefit from.. success
D. obstacle to.. resistance E. praise for.. reputation
如果知道encounter的正確用法，就可以判斷第一空格應(yīng)填入一個(gè)負(fù)面色彩的詞，這樣就輕松排除了A、C、E三個(gè)選項(xiàng)，結(jié)合后面的意思來(lái)看，只能選D。
Although ___ is usually thought to spring from regret for having done something wrong, it may be that its origin
is the realization that one's own nature is irremediably ___.
A. contrition.. resilient B. certitude.. confident C.skepticism.. innocent
D. remorse.. flawed E. resignation. frivolous
第二空格被副詞irremediably(不可救藥地)修飾，根據(jù)這個(gè)詞帶出的語(yǔ)氣可以判斷第二空格應(yīng)填入一個(gè)負(fù)面色彩的詞，符合這一判斷的只有D、E兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)。第一空格remorse的意思完全地對(duì)應(yīng)“regret for having done something wrong”，故選D。
Any language is a conspiracy against experience in the sense that it is a collective attempt to ___ experience by reducing it into discrete parcels.
A. extrapolate B. transcribe C. complicate D. amplify E. manage
這句話如果沒(méi)有看過(guò)相關(guān)背景的書(shū)籍幾乎是不可理解的，但是我們可以通過(guò)語(yǔ)氣和感情色彩的判斷來(lái)排除錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng)，最終剩下一個(gè)看不出錯(cuò)的選項(xiàng)，也就是正確選項(xiàng)了。因?yàn)檎Z(yǔ)言是對(duì)抗經(jīng)驗(yàn)的陰謀(conspiracy against)，所以空格應(yīng)填入一個(gè)負(fù)面色彩的動(dòng)作，只有C選項(xiàng)(使復(fù)雜化、使變得麻煩)和E選項(xiàng)(manage除了中性的經(jīng)營(yíng)管理之外，還可以表示負(fù)面的操縱控制)符合這一判斷。結(jié)合方式狀語(yǔ)by reducing(減少、分解、簡(jiǎn)化)來(lái)看，C選項(xiàng)應(yīng)被排除，最后剩下仍然看不懂句意的E選項(xiàng)就對(duì)了。
4.推理判斷時(shí)注意避免發(fā)散思維
Natural selection tends to eliminate genes that cause inherited diseases, acting most strongly against the most severe diseases; consequently, hereditary diseases that are ___ would be expected to be very ___, but, surprisingly, they are not.
A. lethal.. rare B. untreated.. dangerous C. unusual.. refractory
D. new.. perplexing E. widespread.. acute
根據(jù)consequently提示的上下因果關(guān)系我們可以判斷第一空格應(yīng)填入severe的同義或反義，表示嚴(yán)重或不嚴(yán)重的詞只有A選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)表示未曾治療的，D不用說(shuō)了。C、E兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)其實(shí)和是否嚴(yán)重沒(méi)有關(guān)系，很多時(shí)候干擾選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置上利用了我們的習(xí)慣思維不縝密的、容易想當(dāng)然的弱點(diǎn)。很多人會(huì)認(rèn)為不尋常的、很少見(jiàn)的疾病就是嚴(yán)重的，尋常的、隨處可見(jiàn)的疾病就是不嚴(yán)重的。但是只要稍微想一下就知道這里面沒(méi)有任何必然的關(guān)系。
Although ___, almost self-effacing in his private life, he displays in his plays and essays a strong ___ publicity and controversy.
A. conventional.. interest in B. monotonous.. reliance on C. shy.. aversion toward
D. retiring.. penchant for E. evasive.. impatience with
第二空格根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系顯然只能選A、D兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)，第一空格會(huì)有很多人覺(jué)得A選項(xiàng)可以選，因?yàn)橛X(jué)得傳統(tǒng)的人就是不喜歡拋頭露面的，不喜歡與人爭(zhēng)吵的。同樣只要想想就該知道這里面沒(méi)有任何必然的關(guān)系，并且即便我們中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的人真是這樣，這里也沒(méi)說(shuō)他是中國(guó)人。這種干擾選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置路數(shù)和上一道題的感覺(jué)是完全一樣的。
Considering how long she had yearned to see Italy, her first reaction was curiously ___.
A. meditative B. tepid C. categorical D. unoriginal E. insightful
干擾選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置和上兩道題完全一樣，A選項(xiàng)的沉思冥想并不表示她所應(yīng)具有的高興振奮的態(tài)度的相反，正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為B選項(xiàng)(微溫的，缺乏熱情或激情的)，直接表明了與興奮激動(dòng)的態(tài)度的相反特征。
5.ETS總是傾向于把詞義的對(duì)應(yīng)上最為直接的、形同廢話的選項(xiàng)設(shè)為正確選項(xiàng)
The hierarchy of medical occupations is in many ways a ___ system; its strata remain ___ and the practitioners in them have very little vertical mobility.
A. health.. skilled B. delivery.. basic C. regimental.. flexible
D. training.. inferior E. caste.. intact
醫(yī)療職業(yè)的等級(jí)(hierarchy)在許多方面是一個(gè)等級(jí)體系(caste system)
The natural balance between prey and predator has been increasingly ___, most frequently by human intervention.
A. celebrated B. predicted C. observed D. disturbed E. questioned
被掠食者和掠食者之間的自然平衡被人類的干擾(intervention)干擾(disturbed)了
Poe's ___ reviews of contemporary fiction, which often find great merit in otherwise ___ literary gems, must make us respect his critical judgment in addition to his well-known literary talent.
A. thorough.. completed B. petulant.. unpopular C. insightful.. unappreciated
D. enthusiastic.. acclaimed E. harsh.. undeserving
愛(ài)倫坡有判斷力的(insightful)現(xiàn)代小說(shuō)評(píng)論使得我們佩服他的判斷力(critical judgment)
Aptly enough, this work so imbued with the notion of changing times and styles has been constantly ___ over the years, thereby reflecting its own mutability.
A.appreciated B. emulated C. criticized D. revised E. reprinted
十分恰當(dāng)?shù)氖牵@部充滿了變遷(changing)的時(shí)代、變遷的風(fēng)格的作品多年以來(lái)一直被改變(revise)，從而反映了它自身的可變性(mutability)
GRE填空練習(xí)材料
1. As for the alleged value of expert opinion, one need only ______ government records to see______ evidence of the failure of such opinions in many fields.
Blank (i) Blank (ii)
A distribute D questionable
B consult E strong
C retain F circumstantial
2. Noting that few employees showed any______for complying with the corporations new safety regulations, Peterson was forced to conclude that acceptance of the regulations would be______, at best.
Blank (i) Blank (ii)
A enthusiasm D grudging
B indifference E indeterminate
C rectitude F unavoidable
3. Yellow fever, the disease that killed 4,000 Philadelphians in 1793, and so______Memphis, Tennessee, that the city lost its charter, has reappeared after nearly two decades in______in the Western Hemisphere.
Blank (i) Blank (ii)
A decimated D abeyance
B terrorized E secret
C corrupted F quarantine
4. Nature’s energy efficiency often______human technology: despite the intensity of the light fireflies produce, the amount of heat is negligible; only recently have humans developed chemical light-producing systems whose efficiency______ the firefly’s system.
Blank (i) Blank (ii)
A admire D elusive
B dismiss E relevant
C adapt F unconventional
5. Hampshire’s assertions, far from showing that we can______the ancient puzzles about objectivity, reveal the issue to be even more______than we had thought.
Blank (i) Blank (ii)
A candid D soliciting
B idiosyncratic E altering
C reticent F eschewing
6. Though extremely______about his own plans, the man allowed his associates no such privacy and was constantly______information about what they intended to do next.
Blank (i) Blank (ii)
A outstrips D stimulates
B inhibits E rivals
C determines F reproduce
7. Ironically, the party leaders encountered no greater ______their efforts to build a progressive party than the______of the progressives already elected to the legislature.
Blank (i) Blank (ii)
A an accepted D anachronism to
B an underground E concern about
C an unknown F defiance against
8. No longer______by the belief that the world around us was expressly designed for humanity, many people try to find intellectual______for that lost certainty in astrology and in mysticism.
Blank (i) Blank (ii)
A sustained D reasons
B restricted E substitutes
C hampered F justifications
9. Just as astrology was for centuries______faith, countering the strength of established churches, so today believing in astrology is an act of______ the professional sciences.
Blank (i) Blank (ii)
A benefit from D success
B obstacle to E reputation
C praise for F resistance
10. Many of the earliest colonial houses that are still standing have been so modified and enlarged that the______design is no longer______.
Blank (i) Blank (ii)
A embellished D discernible
B initial E applicable
C appropriate F attractive
GRE填空三空題練習(xí)
uralist democracies, or polyarchies. Dahl argues convincingly that the idea of democracy rests on political equality—the equality capacity of all citizens to determine or (i)___ collective decisions. Of course, as Dahl recognizes, if hierarchical ordering is (ii)___ in any structure of government, and if no society can guarantee perfect equality in the resources that may give rise to political influence, the democratic principle of political equality is (iii)___ of full realization. So actual systems can be deemed democratic only as approximations to the ideal.
BLANK1 BLANK2 BLANK3
A differ profoundly D reverse G distinction
B convergent E conventionality H equilibrium
C slightly differentiate F similarity I dissemination
2. Although the legal systems of England and the United States are superficially similar, they (i)___in their approaches to and uses of legal reasons: substantive reasons in the United States, whereas in England the (ii) ___ is true. This (iii)___ reflects a difference in the visions of law that prevail in the two counties. In England the law has traditionally been viewed as a system of rules; the United States favors a vision of law as an outward expression of the community’s sense of right and justice.
BLANK1 BLANK2 BLANK3
A hamper D circumstantial G incapable
B influence E inevitable H determined
C incorporate F neutral I possible
3. Although some censure became (i)___ during the 1980s, Dahl himself seems to support some of such earlier criticism. Although he (ii)___ that some Western intellectuals demand more democracy from polyarchies than is possible, he nevertheless ends his book by asking what changes in structures and consciousness might make political life more (iii)___ in present polyarchies.
BLANK1 BLANK2 BLANK3
A a fixed number of D revolution H reproduction of older ones
B abundant E disease G modification of connections
C minimal F generation I deduction of similarities
4. A major tenet of the neurosciences has been that all neurons (nerve cells) in the brains of vertebrate animals are formed early in development. An adult vertebrate, it was believed, must make do with (i)___ neurons: those lost through (ii)___ or injury are not replaced, and adult learning takes place not through generation of new cells but through (iii)___ among existing ones.
BLANK1 BLANK2 BLANK3
A characterized D monocratic G reveals
B subdued E gerontocracic H regrets
C overruled F democratic I approves
5. Evidence that the defendant in a criminal prosecution has a prior conviction may (i)___ jurors to presume the defendant’s guilt, because of their preconception that a person previously convicted of a crime must be inclined toward repeated criminal behavior. That commonly held belief is at least a (ii)___; not all former convicts engage in repeated criminal behavior. Also, jury may give more probative weight than objective analysis would allow to vivid photographic evidence depicting a shooting victim’s wounds, or may (iii)___ the weight of defense testimony that is not delivered in a sufficiently forceful or persuasive manner.
BLANK1 BLANK2 BLANK3
A stimulate D partial distortion of reality G underestimate
B deter E vivid reflection of imagination H exaggerate
C participate F precise calculation of certainty I reflect
6. The usage suggests that the creation and critical interpretation of literature are not (i)___ but mechanical processes; that the author of any piece of writing is not (ii)___ artist, but merely a laborer who cobbles existing materials (words) into more or less conventional structures. The term deconstruction implies that the text has been put together like a building or a piece of machinery, and that it is in need of being taken apart, not so much in order to (iii)___ it as to demonstrate underlying inadequacies, false assumptions, and inherent contradictions.
BLANK1 BLANK2 BLANK3
A instructive D a derivative G repair
B literal E an insipid H qualify
C organic F an inspired I construct
7. Most psychologists, perplexed by the feelings they acknowledge are aroused by aesthetic experience, have claimed that these emotions are genuine, but different in kind from nonaesthetic emotions. This, however, is (i)___ rather than an empirical observation and consequently lacks explanatory value. On the other hand, Gombrich argues that emotional responses to art are (ii)___; art triggers remembrances of previously experienced emotions. These debates have prompted the psychologist Radford to argue that people do experience real melancholy or joy in responding to art, but that these are (iii)___ responses precisely because people know they are reacting to illusory stimuli.
BLANK1 BLANK2 BLANK3
A a descriptive distinction D vivacious G zealous
B a body of profound knowledge E synonymous H lugubrious
C a valid evidence F ersatz I irrational
8. Until recently many astronomers believed that asteroids travel about the solar system (i)___ satellites. These astronomers assumed this because they considered asteroid-satellite systems inherently (ii)___. Theoreticians could have told them otherwise: even minuscule bodies in the solar system can theoretically have satellites, as long as everything is in proper scale. If a bowling ball were orbiting about the Sun in the asteroid belt, it could have a pebble orbiting it as far away as a few hundred radii (or about 50 meters) (iii)___ the pebble to the Sun’s gravitational pull.
BLANK1 BLANK2 BLANK3
A unaccompanied by D scathing G without losing
B unprecedented by E unstable H before reaping
C unparalleled by F soporific I as well as easing
9. For analytical purposes (i)___ political conduct has traditionally been divided into two categories. However, there are some common crimes that are so (ii)___ from a political act that the entire offense is regarded as political. These crimes, which are called "(iii)___" political offenses, are generally nonextraditable.
BLANK1 BLANK2 BLANK3
A salutary D unpredictable G aristocracy
B equality E general H promotion
C complicated F efficacious I grandiloquence
10. Social democracy is a general ethical ideal, looking to human (i)___ and brotherhood, and inconsistent, in its radical form, with such institutions as the family and (ii)___ property. Democratic government, on the contrary, is merely a means to an end, an (iii)___ for the better and smoother government of certain states at certain junctures. It involves no special ideals of life; it is a question of policy, namely, whether the general interest will be better served by granting all people an equal voice in elections.
BLANK1 BLANK2 BLANK3
A illegal D inseparable G ambiguous
B political E distinct H vague
C licit F capricous I relative
答案：ADH CDI AFH BDI AEG ADI CFH AEH BEG ADG
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GRE等價(jià)是什么題型
