GRE填空并列類題目解題方法
GRE填空并列類題目解題方法
GRE填空并列類題目解題方法 ,掌握好了嗎?,下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
GRE填空并列類題目解題方法 你掌握好了嗎?
GRE填空并列類題目解題方法
1. 識別表示并列關(guān)系的邏輯詞
表示并列關(guān)系的邏輯詞是：and， also，as well as, both…and…, or， neither…nor…, either…or…。
2. 根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行取同處理
考生在遇到這些邏輯詞的時候，需要注意對前后句子的意思進(jìn)行取同處理。
GRE填空并列類題目實例解析
實例1：
The new biological psychiatry does not deny the contributing role of psychological factors in mental illnesses, but posits that these factors may act as a catalyst on existing physiological conditions and ______ such illnesses.
A) disguise
B) impede
C) constrain
D) Precipitate
E) consummate
【正確答案】D
【答案解析】本體標(biāo)志并列關(guān)系的邏輯詞是and，連接的是catalyst和空格，catalyst是催化劑的意思，催化劑起的作用是加速促進(jìn)，所以選D選項，precipitate,就是加速促進(jìn)的意思。
實例2：
Despite assorted effusions to the contrary, there is no necessary link between scientific skill and humanism, and, quite possibly, there may be something of a _______ between them.
A) generality
B) fusion
C) congruity
D) dichotomy
E) Reciprocity
【正確答案】D
【答案解析】這個詞標(biāo)志并列關(guān)系的邏輯詞是and，連接的是no necessary link和空格，所以空格填入沒有聯(lián)系這種意思。D選項為矛盾的意思，因為句子里面有quite possibly，在語氣上有個遞進(jìn)，所以沒有聯(lián)系遞進(jìn)之后，成為矛盾，邏輯合理
實例3：
Kagan maintains that an infant’s reactions to its first stressful experiences are part of a natural process of development, not harbingers of childhood unhappiness or_______signs of adolescent anxiety.
A) prophetic
B) normal
C) monotonous
D) virtual
E) Typical
【正確答案】A
【答案解析】這是一類并列關(guān)系的題型，找與空格有關(guān)系的邏輯詞為or，or連接的兩個部分應(yīng)該是同義重復(fù)關(guān)系。我們看一下句子，or連接的是harbinger和空格，所以，把harbinger的同義詞填入空格。我們知道harbinger這個詞是先兆或者先驅(qū)的意思，A選項為預(yù)兆的，所以選A。
GRE考試《填空》模擬題及答案解析
1. In contrast to the substantial muscular activity required for inhalation, exhalation is usually a ___ process.
(A) slow
(B) passive
(C) precise
(D) complex
(E) conscious
2. A computer program can provide information in ways that force students to participate in learning instead of being merely ___ of knowledge.
(A) creators
(B) consumers
(C) recipients
(D) custodians
(E) beneficiaries
3. While the delegate clearly sought to ___ the optimism that has emerged recently, she stopped short of suggesting that the conference was near collapse and might produce nothing of significance.
(A) substantiate
(B) dampen
(C) encourage
(D) elucidate
(E) rekindle
4. Foucault’s rejection of the concept of continuity in Western thought, though radical, was notunique; he had ___ in the United States who, without knowledge of his work, developed parallel ideas.
(A) critics
(B) counterparts
(C) publishers
(D) disciples
(E) readers
5. Because they have been so dazzled by the calendars and the knowledge of astronomy possessed by the Mayan civilization, some anthropologists have ___ achievements like the sophisticated carved calendar sticks of the Winnebago people.
(A) described
(B) acknowledged
(C) neglected
(D) overlooked
(E) defended
(F) authenticated
6. Certain weeds that flourish among rice crops resist detection until maturity by ___ the seedling stage in the rice plant’s life cycle, thereby remaining indistinguishable from the rice crop until the flowering stage.
(A) deterring
(B) displacing
(C) augmenting
(D) imitating
(E) nurturing
(F) simulating
7. During the opera’s most famous aria the tempo chosen by the orchestra’s conductor seemed ___ , without necessary relation to what had gone before.
(A) arbitrary
(B) capricious
(C) cautious
(D) compelling
(E) exacting
(F) meticulous
8. No longer ___ by the belief that the world around us was expressly designed for humanity , many people try to find intellectual ___ for that lost certainty in astrology and in mysticism.
Blank (i)
Blank (ii)
A sustained
D reasons
B restricted
E substitutes
C hampered
F justifications
9. That his intransigence in making decisions ___ no open disagreement from any quarter was well known; thus, clever subordinates learned the art of ___ their opinions in casual remarks.
Blank (i)
Blank (ii)
A forbore
D intimating
B engendered
E instigating
C brooked
F emending
10. Many of the earliest colonial houses that are still standing have been so modified and enlarged that the ___ design is no longer ___ .
Blank (i)
Blank (ii)
A embellished
D discernible
B initial
E applicable
C appropriate
F attractive
1. In contrast to the substantial muscular activity required for inhalation, exhalation is usually a ___ process.
(A) slow
(B) passive
(C) precise
(D) complex
(E) conscious
翻譯：不同于吸氣需要大量肌肉參與，呼氣通常是一個被動過程。
選B
conscious 有意識的，知覺的，刻意的，特別留意的
2. A computer program can provide information in ways that force students to participate inlearning instead of being merely ___ of knowledge.
(A) creators
(B) consumers
(C) recipients
(D) custodians
(E) beneficiaries
翻譯：電腦程序提供的信息可以一定程度上強制學(xué)生參與學(xué)習(xí)過程而不只是接受知識。
選C
custodian 監(jiān)護人
beneficiary (饋贈，遺產(chǎn)，財物，基金等的)受益人
3. While the delegate clearly sought to ___ the optimism that has emerged recently, shestopped short of suggesting that the conference was near collapse and might produce nothing of significance.
(A) substantiate
(B) dampen
(C) encourage
(D) elucidate
(E) rekindle
翻譯：盡管那個代表明顯試圖打壓最近出現(xiàn)的樂觀情緒，但她決定避而不談會議已近崩潰難有作為。
選B
while 引導(dǎo)讓步
substantiate 證實，證明，用事實支持
dampen 使潮濕，減弱、抑制(情緒，熱情等)
elucidate 解釋，闡明
rekindle 重新點燃(可燃物，感情等)
難點在于固定搭配
stop short of doing something 決定不做某事;幾乎做了但沒有完成某事
stop short of doing something
1. to decide not to do something
I stopped short of telling him what I really felt about him.
2. to almost do something, or partly do something without completing it
The punishments are quite severe but theystop short of losing your job.
(Cambridge Dictionary of American Idioms)
盡管代表試圖打壓樂觀情緒唱衰會議，她也是這樣認(rèn)為的(要崩潰沒作為)，但她決定不提出自己的想法了，構(gòu)成讓步。
4. Foucault’s rejection of the concept of continuity in Western thought, though radical, was not unique; he had ___ in the United States who, without knowledge of his work, developed parallel ideas.
(A) critics
(B) counterparts
(C) publishers
(D) disciples
(E) readers
翻譯：福柯對西方觀念延續(xù)傳承看法的否定盡管極端，卻不是唯一的;在美國就有人獨立地提出過類似的觀點。
選B
disciple 信眾，追隨者，門徒
傅科 [Foucault, Michel (Paul)]
(1926.10.15,法國 普瓦捷～1984.6.25,巴黎)
法國結(jié)構(gòu)主義哲學(xué)家和歷史學(xué)家。自1970年起在法蘭西學(xué)院任教。研究社會運作所憑依的道德規(guī)范與觀念，特別是一個社會自我界定所依據(jù)的“排除原則”(例如心智健全與精神失常之間的區(qū)別)。他提出這樣一個命題：收容所、精神病醫(yī)院和監(jiān)獄這類機構(gòu)都是社會實行“排除原則”的手段，而通過觀察社會對這類機構(gòu)的態(tài)度，便可以對權(quán)力的發(fā)展與運用狀況進(jìn)行考察。著作有：《瘋狂與文明》(1961)、《事物之秩序》(1966)、《知識考古學(xué)》(1969)、《紀(jì)律與懲罰》(1975)和《性史》(3卷，1976～1984)，確立了他作為那個時代法國最著名學(xué)者之一的地位。他坦然承認(rèn)自己是同性戀者，后死于艾滋病。
(大英袖珍百科)
其實一般譯為?？?/p>
5. Because they have been so dazzled by the calendars and the knowledge of astronomy possessed by the Mayan civilization, some anthropologists have ___ achievements like the sophisticated carved calendar sticks of the Winnebago people.
(A) described
(B) acknowledged
(C) neglected
(D) overlooked
(E) defended
(F) authenticated
翻譯：有些人類學(xué)者眼花繚亂于瑪雅文明的天文知識與歷法，所以忽略了其他文明的成就，比如溫內(nèi)貝戈人雕飾精美復(fù)雜的歷法棒。
選CD
從某網(wǎng)站的統(tǒng)計來看，本題的正確率高達(dá)85%，然而我卻做錯了，也是夠沮喪的。
下面作為反面教材，告訴大家我是怎么一步步走上邪路的。
1 上手找到了 because ，因果關(guān)系無疑，又看到了 so 即使后面沒出現(xiàn) that 也能暗示 dazzled 是重要線索。
2 Mayan 文明的歷法和天文知識把 anthropologists 晃瞎 / 使 anthropologists 贊嘆驚呆，所以他們對 W 人的棒棒 也___ 了。
3 當(dāng)然是也承認(rèn)了，選BF。
4 第一個錯誤在于把 dazzled 固執(zhí)地認(rèn)定是一個正評價，不知不覺地違規(guī)運用了 “瑪雅文化當(dāng)然很牛逼啦” 的半吊子背景知識，其實 dazzle 在句中只是 “把人晃瞎 / 使失去判斷力” 的意思，完全是中性的敘述。
5 第二個錯誤在于把 so 錯誤地移到第二個分句，做了 “也，同樣地” 的解釋，這個動作是下意識完成的，閱讀理解能力不過關(guān)的表現(xiàn)，其實 so 只出現(xiàn)在第一個分句中是 “如此” 的意思。
6 錯誤地運用了背景知識，導(dǎo)致了致命的發(fā)散思路，這是我們在以前的講解中一再叮囑大家注意的問題，請不要像我一樣不專業(yè)。
6. Certain weeds that flourish among rice crops resist detection until maturity by ___ theseedling stage in the rice plant’s life cycle, thereby remaining indistinguishable from the rice crop until the flowering stage.
(A) deterring
(B) displacing
(C) augmenting
(D) imitating
(E) nurturing
(F) simulating
翻譯：某些混雜在水稻中發(fā)芽的種子，可以通過模仿苗期的水稻植株防止被人發(fā)現(xiàn)，因此直到花期以前都無法區(qū)分。
選DF
thereby 因果關(guān)系
花期就是成熟期，開花意味著準(zhǔn)備好繁殖了，即成熟了
maturity 成熟(期)
seedling stage 苗期，種子發(fā)芽手尚未成熟的階段
deter 威嚇，阻止
augment 擴大，增加
nurture 喂養(yǎng)，培養(yǎng)
7. During the opera’s most famous aria the tempo chosen by the orchestra’s conductor seemed ___ , without necessary relation to what had gone before.
(A) arbitrary
(B) capricious
(C) cautious
(D) compelling
(E) exacting
(F) meticulous
翻譯：演到這出歌劇最著名的詠嘆調(diào)時，樂團指揮選擇的節(jié)奏跟之前大相徑庭，顯得相當(dāng)任性。
選AB
arbitrary 任性的，武斷的，專制的
capricious 任性的，反復(fù)無常的，變幻莫測的
cautious 謹(jǐn)慎小心的，提防的
compelling 強制的，有很強說服力的
exacting 苛求的，嚴(yán)格的
meticulous 謹(jǐn)小慎微的，過于注意細(xì)節(jié)的
8. No longer ___ by the belief that the world around us was expressly designed for humanity , many people try to find intellectual ___ for that lost certainty in astrology and in mysticism.
Blank (i)
Blank (ii)
A sustained
D reasons
B restricted
E substitutes
C hampered
F justifications
翻譯：“世界是專為人類設(shè)計的” 這一理念的破除，使人們不再確信占星術(shù)和神秘主義，他們嘗試尋找各種理性的替代物。
選AE
沒有明顯的指示詞，但仍然是一道線索清晰的題目。
標(biāo)藍(lán)的部分 that certainty 那種確定性，那種確信，一般來說，填空中出現(xiàn)的代詞 that , such 都一定指稱前文出現(xiàn)過的某種事物，這種隱藏線索需要特別注意。
占星術(shù)和神秘主義以前是有 that certainty 的，現(xiàn)在 lost 了，那么第一空我們就可以確定 sustained 支撐，確定，認(rèn)可(呼應(yīng) certainty)，no longer sustained 可以呼應(yīng) lost ，既然已經(jīng) lost 了，那么第二空也就可以確定是 substitutes ，代用品。
本題可擴展的內(nèi)容很多，明天我專門寫一篇文章討論這題好了。
9. That his intransigence in making decisions ___ no open disagreement from any quarter was well known ; thus, clever subordinates learned the art of ___ their opinions in casual remarks.
Blank (i)
Blank (ii)
A forbore
D intimating
B engendered
E instigating
C brooked
F emending
翻譯：眾所周知，他固執(zhí)己見從不容忍任何公開的反對，因此，聰明的下屬們學(xué)會了閑聊中迂回地表達(dá)自己的看法。
選CD
intransigence 頑固，固執(zhí)己見
quarter
[C] person or group of people, esp as a possible source of help, information, etc 人, 團體(尤指可能提供援助﹑ 消息等的):
As her mother was now very poor she could expect no help from that quarter.
她母親已很貧困, 她無法指望得到母親的幫助.
he minister's speech is interpreted in some quarters (ie by some people) as an admission that the Government was wrong.
部長的講話有人認(rèn)為是承認(rèn)政府錯了.
(牛津高階雙解)
forbear 克制，阻止
engender 引起
brook 容忍
subordinate 下屬
intimate (謹(jǐn)慎或間接地)提示，暗示
instigate 慫恿，唆使，鼓動
emend 校正，修訂
10. Many of the earliest colonial houses that are still standing have been so modified and enlarged that the ___ design is no longer ___ .
GRE考試《填空》模擬題及答案解析
1. Some scientists argue that carbon compounds play such a central role in life on Earth because of the possibility of ___ resulting from the carbon atom’s ability to form an unending series of different molecules.
(A) deviation
(B) variety
(C) reproduction
(D) stability
(E) invigoration
2. Linguists have now confirmed what experienced users of ASL - American Sign Language - have always implicitly known: ASL is a grammatically ___ language in that it is capable of expressing every possible syntactic relation.
(A) limited
(B) economical
(C) complete
(D) shifting
(E) abstract
3. This project is the first step in a long-range plan of research whose ___ goal, still many years off, is the creation of a new prototype.
(A) cooperative
(B) reasoned
(C) original
(D) ultimate
(E) intentional
4. The struggle of the generations is one of the obvious constants of human affairs; therefore, it may be presumptuous to suggest that the rivalry between young and old in Western society during the current decade is ___ critical.
(A) perennially
(B) disturbingly
(C) uniquely
(D) archetypically
(E) captiously
5. Philosophical problems arise when people ask questions that, though very ___ , have certain characteristics in common.
(A) relevant
(B) elementary
(C) abstract
(D) heterogeneous
(E) diverse
(F) controversial
6. The spellings of many old English words have been ___ in the living language, although their pronunciations have changed.
(A) preserved
(B) shortened
(C) maintained
(D) preempted
(E) revised
(F) improved
7. Since she believed him to be both candid and trustworthy, she refused to consider the possibility that his statement had been ___ .
(A) irrelevant
(B) facetious
(C) mistaken
(D) critical
(E) insincere
(F) hypocritical
8. Just as astrology was for centuries ___ faith, countering the strength of established churches, so today believing in astrology is an act of ___ the professional sciences.
Blank (i)
Blank (ii)
A embellished
Blank (i)
Blank (ii)
A an accepted
D anachronism to
B an underground
E concern about
C an unknown
F defiance against
9. Though extremely ___ about his own plans, the man allowed his associates no such privacy and was constantly ___ information about what they intended to do next.
Blank (i)
Blank (ii)
A candid
D soliciting
B idiosyncratic
E altering
C reticent
F eschewing
10. Noting that few employees showed any ___ for complying with the corporations new safety regulations, Peterson was forced to conclude that acceptance of the regulations would be ___ , at best.
Blank (i)
Blank (ii)
A enthusiasm
D grudging
B indifference
E indeterminate
C rectitude
F unavoidable
1. Some scientists argue that carbon compounds play such a central role in life on Earth because of the possibility of ___ resulting from the carbon atom’s ability to form an unending series of different molecules.
(A) deviation
(B) variety
(C) reproduction
(D) stability
(E) invigoration
翻譯：有些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為碳化合物在地球生物中扮演著核心角色，因為碳原子能夠組成無限多種分子所以蘊含了各種可能。
選B
result from 因果關(guān)系
deviation 偏差，不正常，背離
reproduction 再造，復(fù)制，生殖
stability 穩(wěn)定(性)，可靠，堅決
invigoration 使生機勃勃(n.)
兩層因果關(guān)系。
2. Linguists have now confirmed what experienced users of ASL - American Sign Language -have always implicitly known: ASL is a grammatically ___ language in that it is capable ofexpressing every possible syntactic relation.
(A) limited
(B) economical
(C) complete
(D) shifting
(E) abstract
翻譯：語言學(xué)家現(xiàn)已確認(rèn)，正如北美手語使用者感受到的：這是一種語法功能完整的語言，因為它足以表達(dá)任何可能的句法關(guān)系。
選C
再次提醒大家注意 in that 指示的因果關(guān)系
in that 基于……的理由，因為
economical 節(jié)儉的，高效而不浪費的
3. This project is the first step in a long-range plan of research whose ___ goal, still many years off, is the creation of a new prototype.
(A) cooperative
(B) reasoned
(C) original
(D) ultimate
(E) intentional
翻譯：此項目是一個長期研究計劃的第一部，該計劃的最終目標(biāo)是多年后創(chuàng)造一個新的原型。
選D
off 作副詞時，可以表示 “距離一定的時間或空間”，比如：
The town is still five miles off.
那小城尚在五英里以外.
The holidays are not so far off.
假期已經(jīng)不那麼遠(yuǎn)了.
4. The struggle of the generations is one of the obvious constants of human affairs;therefore, it may be presumptuous to suggest that the rivalry between young and old in Western society during the current decade is ___ critical.
(A) perennially
(B) disturbingly
(C) uniquely
(D) archetypically
(E) captiously
翻譯：代際之爭本來就是人類世界的常態(tài);所以，認(rèn)為西方世界近十年來青年和老年人之間的競爭有什么獨特的重要意義，未免言過其實。
選C
perennially 持久地，永恒地，一再反復(fù)地，多年生地
disturbingly 使焦慮不安地
archetypically 典型地
captiously 吹毛求疵地，好挑剔地
5. Philosophical problems arise when people ask questions that, though very ___ , have certain characteristics in common.
(A) relevant
(B) elementary
(C) abstract
(D) heterogeneous
(E) diverse
(F) controversial
翻譯：鑒于人們提出的某些問題盡管形式各異卻有著相同本質(zhì)，這些問題最終會上升到哲學(xué)層面。
選DE
when 引導(dǎo)弱因果關(guān)系
舉兩個例子幫大家理解這句話。
“該創(chuàng)業(yè)嗎?還是繼續(xù)在這所看不到希望的學(xué)校讀到畢業(yè)?”
“該離婚嗎?還是繼續(xù)這樁名存實亡的婚姻?”
“生存還是死亡?這是個問題?！?/p>
根據(jù)三個問題共有的內(nèi)在特性，最終我們可以認(rèn)為它們歸于同一個哲學(xué)命題——
“要付出尊嚴(yán)忍耐，還是承擔(dān)可能毀滅的風(fēng)險放手一搏。”
6. The spellings of many old English words have been ___ in the living language, althoughtheir pronunciations have changed.
(A) preserved
(B) shortened
(C) maintained
(D) preempted
(E) revised
(F) improved
翻譯：盡管讀音發(fā)生了變化，但很多老式英語單詞的拼寫還是被沿用至今。
選AC
preempt 預(yù)先占有，取代，優(yōu)先于……
revise 復(fù)查(以便修改)，校正，修訂，復(fù)習(xí)
The Great Vowel Shift was a major change in the pronunciation of the English language that took place in England between 1350 and 1600. Through the Great Vowel Shift, all Middle English long vowels changed their pronunciation.
……
The printing press was introduced to England in the 1470s by William Caxton and later Richard Pynson. The adoption and use of the printing press accelerated the process of standardization of English spelling which continued into the 16th century. The standard spellings were those of Middle English pronunciation, as well as spelling conventions continued from Old English. However, the Middle English spellings were retained into Modern English while the Great Vowel Shift was taking place, resulting in some of the peculiarities of Modern English spelling in relation to vowels.
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Vowel_Shift)
7. Since she believed him to be both candid and trustworthy, she refused to consider thepossibility that his statement had been ___ .
(A) irrelevant
(B) facetious
(C) mistaken
(D) critical
(E) insincere
(F) hypocritical
翻譯：既然已經(jīng)認(rèn)定他坦誠可靠，所以她一并忽略了他以前言辭虛偽的可能。
選EF
candid 坦白而誠實的
trustworthy 可靠的，值得信任的
irrelevant 不相干的
facetious (貶)用不恰當(dāng)或不體面的方式引人發(fā)笑的，詼諧的
insincere 不真誠的，虛偽的
hypocritical 偽善的，虛偽的
8. Just as astrology was for centuries ___ faith, countering the strength of established churches, so today believing in astrology is an act of ___ the professional sciences.
Blank (i)
Blank (ii)
A an accepted
D anachronism to
B an underground
E concern about
C an unknown
F defiance against
翻譯：正如占星學(xué)幾個世紀(jì)一直作為地下信仰對抗著主流宗教勢力,現(xiàn)在信奉占星術(shù)也是一種對專業(yè)科學(xué)的反抗行為。
選BF
just as 并列關(guān)系
underground 地下的，秘密的，暗中的，非法組織的
anacronism 年代錯誤，不合時宜的人或物，過時的人或物
defiance 違抗，反抗，蔑視
9. Though extremely ___ about his own plans, the man allowed his associates no such privacy and was constantly ___ information about what they intended to do next.
Blank (i)
Blank (ii)
A candid
D soliciting
B idiosyncratic
E altering
C reticent
F eschewing
翻譯：盡管對自己的打算向來緘默，他卻不許合伙人保留，總是打聽他們接下來的計劃。
選CD
idiosyncratic 有特點的，怪癖的
reticent 沉默寡言的，有保留的，諱莫如深的
solicit 懇求、請求(信息，財物等)，教唆，(性工作者)拉客
eschew 回避，戒除
你要是不理解這句話的意思，就想想《三體》系列故事里的章北海，章北海大概是劉慈欣想象出的軍人的典范。
10. Noting that few employees showed any ___ for complying with the corporations new safety regulations, Peterson was forced to conclude that acceptance of the regulations would be ___ , at best.
GRE填空并列類題目解題方法相關(guān)文章：