托福閱讀把握布局和提示詞
在托福閱讀做題過(guò)程中，我們需要首先了解文章基本框架，對(duì)文章大意做到心中有數(shù)，然后要特別留意一些表明邏輯關(guān)系、引出重要信息的提示詞。下面小編就和大家分享托福閱讀高分技巧：把握布局和提示詞，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。
托福閱讀高分技巧：把握布局和提示詞
1、閱讀看布局
首先要粗看下文章的段數(shù)，了解以下文章框架，讀文章的首句和尾句了解整體意思，看是否有轉(zhuǎn)折句，如果有轉(zhuǎn)折句可能文章意思不止一層。
粗看每段第一句話，對(duì)文章的整體意思心中有數(shù)。 也要讀每段的首句、末句和轉(zhuǎn)折句。
閱讀的文章其實(shí)邏輯方面出不了花兒，都是觀點(diǎn)、論據(jù)的大體結(jié)構(gòu)，在閱讀中每讀一段整理一次邏輯，不要被細(xì)節(jié)迷惑，要以段落的內(nèi)在邏輯為重點(diǎn)。
此外最好將每段段首變成中文理解，以迅速的進(jìn)入狀態(tài)，并記憶主要意思。
此外在閱讀后做題中，注意不要延伸思考，閱讀題是看你有沒(méi)有讀懂文章，所以文章說(shuō)了什么，你回答什么，不要有自己想當(dāng)然的延伸。
2、提示詞
(1)前后講一回事兒的
and, moreover, furthermore, what’s more, in addition, that, then, also, and also, else, likewise...
當(dāng)大家看到這些提示詞的時(shí)候，需要意識(shí)到句子前后的關(guān)系是并列、相近、或更進(jìn)一步的，此時(shí)閱讀速度無(wú)需減慢。
(2)表示因果關(guān)系的
because, for, for this reason, so, as,since, by virtue of, due to, owing to, therefore, consequently, as a consequence, thus, hence...
(3)后面講的跟前面不一樣的
although, even though, however, but, on the contrary, in spite of, despite, otherwise, nevertheless, yet...
這些提示詞就是明擺著的轉(zhuǎn)折。在閱讀時(shí)，要格外注意，一旦出現(xiàn)這些詞，作者很可能就要變心了，可以放慢閱讀速度來(lái)領(lǐng)會(huì)作者真正要說(shuō)的是什么。
(4)總結(jié)歸納詞匯
as a result, finally, in short, in conclusion, in a nutshell, in brief, in a word, to summarize, on the whole...
這些詞的不僅僅是引出總結(jié)/歸納的內(nèi)容的標(biāo)志，也是提示核心信息的關(guān)鍵。
閱讀理解力是可以訓(xùn)練和培養(yǎng)的，多讀原文書籍培養(yǎng)語(yǔ)感還是十分的重要的。這就跟故宮博物院負(fù)責(zé)擦瓷器的擦了好幾年出來(lái)能鑒定一樣，他知道正經(jīng)的都是什么樣，看著別扭的肯定是錯(cuò)的。所以“書讀百遍其義自見”。當(dāng)然了，考場(chǎng)上沒(méi)那工夫，所以在復(fù)習(xí)階段和平時(shí)的課外閱讀時(shí)增添一些原文內(nèi)容的閱讀，提升托福閱讀速度和你的理解力，做題的時(shí)候自然而然的就選出了正確答案。
托福閱讀備考：天文學(xué)習(xí)
Paragraph 2: Outflow channels are probably relics of catastrophic flooding on Mars long ago. They appear only in equatorial regions and generally do not form extensive interconnected networks. Instead, they are probably the paths taken by huge volumes of water draining from the southern highlands into the northern plains. The onrushing water arising from these flash floods likely also formed the odd teardrop-shaped “islands” (resembling the miniature versions seen in the wet sand of our beaches at low tide) that have been found on the plains close to the ends of the outflow channels. Judging from the width and depth of the channels, the flow rates must have been truly enormous-perhaps as much as a hundred times greater than the 105 tons per second carried by the great Amazon river. Flooding shaped the outflow channels approximately 3 billion years ago, about the same times as the northern volcanic plains formed.
Question: According to paragraph 2, all of the following are true of the outflow channels on Mars EXCEPT:
A. They formed at around the same time that volcanic activity was occurring on the northern plains.
B. They are found only on certain parts of the Martian surface.
C. They sometimes empty onto what appear to have once been the wet sands of tidal beaches.
D. They are thought to have carried water northward from the equatorial regions.
解析：題干問(wèn)的是原文關(guān)于“outflow channels”的描述。在真正考試中，把原文閱讀完畢再去和選項(xiàng)比較會(huì)花費(fèi)較多時(shí)間。因此，比較合理的做題順序是，先讀選項(xiàng)，然后拿選項(xiàng)和原文信息去比對(duì)。
A選項(xiàng)說(shuō)的是outflow channel的形成時(shí)間和火山活動(dòng)在北部平原的發(fā)生時(shí)間是相同的。快速瀏覽原文，只有在后一句提到了它們的形成時(shí)間，說(shuō)大概在30億年前，about引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)很重要，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明了這一時(shí)間和北部火山平原形成的時(shí)間相同。A正確。
B選項(xiàng)說(shuō)的是火山形成的地點(diǎn)，只在火星表面的特定區(qū)域?？丛?，第二句，說(shuō)的是它們只在赤道區(qū)域出現(xiàn)。B也正確。
C選項(xiàng)說(shuō)的是它們有時(shí)候會(huì)流到曾經(jīng)的濕沙地上。原文在提到tidal beaches時(shí)，并沒(méi)有提到這一信息，因此，C選項(xiàng)是不符合原文的。
D選項(xiàng)說(shuō)的是河水從赤道(南)向北流動(dòng)。和原文第三句話吻合：這些河流的走向是從南部高低到北部平原。
因此，本題的正確答案為C項(xiàng)。
第二道題目來(lái)自于 TPO 16 Planets in Our Solar System
Paragraph 4: Other dimensions along which the two groups differ markedly are density and composition. The densities of the terrestrial planets average about 5 times the density of water, whereas the Jovian planets have densities that average only 1.5 times the density of water. One of the outer planets, Saturn, has a density of only 0.7 that of water, which means that Saturn would float in water. Variations in the composition of the planets are largely responsible for the density differences. The substances that make up both group of planets are divided into three groups-gases, rocks, and ices-based on their melting points. The terrestrial planets are mostly rocks: dense rocky and metallic material, with minor amounts of gases. The Jovian planets, on the other hand, contain a large percentage of the gases hydrogen and helium, with varying amounts of ices: mostly water, ammonia, and methane ices.
Question: Paragraph 4 mentions which of the following as a reason why terrestrial planets are dense?
A. They are made up of three groups of substances.
B. They are composed mainly of rocky and metallic materials.
C. They contain more ice than Jovian planets.
D. They contain relatively small amounts of water.
解析：題干問(wèn)的是類地行星密度較大的原因。那我們只需將做題重點(diǎn)鎖定在原文描述“density”的信息上即可。原文中含有density的句子，句在說(shuō)類地行星的密度和其他行星的密度比。第二句說(shuō)的是土星密度。第三句說(shuō)到行星結(jié)構(gòu)的不同影響著密度的不同。后面進(jìn)一步闡釋組成行星的物質(zhì)：氣體，巖石以及冰。接著又提到類地行星主要由巖石組成。顯然，這就是它密度大的原因。綜合比較，應(yīng)該選B。
托福閱讀：句子簡(jiǎn)化
托福閱讀句子簡(jiǎn)化題解題步驟：
1、找原句邏輯：
找邏輯連接詞詞，常見邏輯連接詞：
轉(zhuǎn)折：but, however, yet, nevertheless
讓步：although，though，even though， despite，in spite of
比較對(duì)比：more/less than, as…as , while, whereas, unlike
條件：if, only if, except, unless, provide that, as long as
因果： because (of) ,since, as, why, for, therefore, hence, thus, consequently, lead to, as a result (of),result in, result from, reason, A contribute to B, attribute/ascribe A to B, explain, come from, so A that B,A be responsible for B
2、找原句主干：
誰(shuí)做什么，誰(shuí)是什么 (一般刪掉修飾語(yǔ):定語(yǔ)從句，介詞短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，時(shí)間地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))。
注意：若兩個(gè)句子有對(duì)比關(guān)系，因?yàn)閮蓚€(gè)分句中被比較的事物本質(zhì)可能都差不多，所以表修飾的定語(yǔ)從句才是關(guān)鍵，這時(shí)候定語(yǔ)時(shí)關(guān)鍵。
3、對(duì)比選項(xiàng)選答案：
排除有明顯與主要信息矛盾的選項(xiàng)了，排除無(wú)中生有的邏輯。
除了以上提到的托福閱讀句子簡(jiǎn)化題答題技巧外，解答托福閱讀句子簡(jiǎn)化題一定要掌握好語(yǔ)法，希望大家在接下來(lái)的備考環(huán)節(jié)能夠熟練應(yīng)用以上技巧。
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