托福口語如何有效糾正發(fā)音

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托福口語如何有效糾正發(fā)音?從避免盲目跟讀開始提升,今天小編給大家?guī)砹送懈?谡Z如何有效糾正發(fā)音,希望能夠幫助到大家,下面小編就和大家分享,來欣賞一下吧。

托福口語如何有效糾正發(fā)音?從避免盲目跟讀開始提升

盲目跟讀無法糾正托??谡Z發(fā)音

托福考生總是糾結(jié)這樣一個(gè)問題——練了半天但就是沒有多少效果,考托福口語時(shí)依然我行我素的發(fā)著奇怪的音,世界上最痛苦的事莫過于此。筆者也曾經(jīng)同樣為之煩惱過,起初練習(xí)語音的方法非常簡(jiǎn)單,就是到書店買本書,然后跟著磁帶盲目地讀,結(jié)果是我自己一個(gè)音,磁帶一個(gè)音,怎么模仿都不像。當(dāng)時(shí)喜歡將一個(gè)一個(gè)音標(biāo)和例詞抄在本子上,走到哪里讀到哪里。如apple、mad、sad、had、cat、Jack…但絲毫沒見進(jìn)步。

為何?道理其實(shí)很簡(jiǎn)單,我們平時(shí)說話都以句子為單位而不以單詞為單位。比如到了美國(guó)見到一個(gè)賣水果的,人家問:“What can I do for you?” 我們不能簡(jiǎn)單地回答成“Apple”, 而是應(yīng)該說成“I’m lookin’for some apples.” 因此孤立地練習(xí)音標(biāo)和單詞具有欺騙性——孤立地讀音標(biāo)或單詞都會(huì)好聽,一旦放在句子中便無法體現(xiàn)。

托??谡Z備考糾正句子發(fā)音才是提升重點(diǎn)

衡量語音好壞的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是句子的發(fā)音!只有擺對(duì)方向才能學(xué)有所用。那么如何去練習(xí)句子的發(fā)音呢?給大家介紹句子讀法“三劍客”:連讀、失去爆破、弱讀。比如on it不應(yīng)讀成【on】【It】,而應(yīng)讀成【o】【nI】【t】, 同樣,first time中的兩個(gè)【t】應(yīng)讀成一個(gè)【t】;美國(guó)總統(tǒng)奧巴馬在2008年芝加哥獲勝演說中讀“must be”中的【t】不讀出聲,讀“could be”中的【d】徹底消失。因此,與其將大量精力浪費(fèi)在一個(gè)孤立的音標(biāo)上,倒不如學(xué)習(xí)如何讀好句子,畢竟這才是根本。

新托福口語踢掉絆腳石樹立信心

如今,托福ibt考試已將口語能力的考核加入,而且分值和閱讀、聽力、寫作對(duì)等。這就使得以前只關(guān)注讀寫聽的考生不得不花時(shí)間和精力來準(zhǔn)備口語部分。據(jù)調(diào)查統(tǒng)計(jì),考生各部分的成績(jī)排列從閱讀、聽力、寫作到口語依次降低,口語的分?jǐn)?shù)在各部分中通常是最低的。這個(gè)現(xiàn)象在考生中引起的巨大的恐慌。另一種狀況是,即便是平時(shí)自認(rèn)為口語能力不錯(cuò),聽力能力也很好的同學(xué),也會(huì)對(duì)自己最后較低的口語成績(jī)感到不解。于是口語部分的考核就變得更加令人琢磨不透了。Ets 對(duì)口語部分的評(píng)判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)定得也相對(duì)模糊,從某種意義說,不能提供給考生清晰的指導(dǎo)。這樣一來,口語能力差的同學(xué)怕考試,口語能力好的同學(xué)也對(duì)之沒有太大信心,口語部分的考核似乎成了考生們的“鬼門關(guān)”。

在執(zhí)教托福口語課程的過程中發(fā)現(xiàn),目前大多數(shù)考生對(duì)“口語好”的定義似乎都是“說得相對(duì)流利,發(fā)音比較準(zhǔn)確,語速不會(huì)太慢”。這無可厚非。然而,剛才提到的準(zhǔn)則僅僅只是“口語好”的外包裝,大家需要關(guān)注的更重要的是說話的“實(shí)效性”,即思維邏輯,語言組織和詞句質(zhì)量。

我覺得沒有必要過多提醒大家關(guān)于語言“外包裝”的問題,因?yàn)檫@絕對(duì)是大家注重的方面,所以在口語強(qiáng)化班里的同學(xué)基本都有練習(xí)過或是系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)過發(fā)音,這很叫人欣慰??墒牵蠹乙欢ㄒ⒁?,ibt的口語是電腦錄音,評(píng)判者是通過聽錄音來做分?jǐn)?shù)評(píng)估的,所以,“說得快”未必是件好事,說得清楚才是重點(diǎn)??紤]到評(píng)卷者的“聽覺疲勞”,說話的“斷句”和重點(diǎn)詞匯在重音和語調(diào)上的突出,則是有效傳達(dá)信息的關(guān)鍵。所以同學(xué)們不要一味求快,而要注意斷句,語調(diào)和重音。看看下面的例子: The Great Wall was the greatest man-made military defense structure in ancient China。

這是一個(gè)在口語表述當(dāng)中很上檔次的句子,但如果大家把他一口氣讀完的話,這個(gè)句子的美感就體現(xiàn)不出來了,而且在錄音的情況下很可能還會(huì)讓評(píng)卷者無法聽清楚。于是我們需要借助短句和重音來表達(dá),下面我用/作為斷句的標(biāo)志,用〉來點(diǎn)明重音,于是我們可以這樣來處理這個(gè)句子:

The Great Wall〉/was the greatest /man-made military defense structure〉/in ancient China。

大家可以試著讀一讀這個(gè)句子。斷句并可以是稍稍停頓,或者是拉長(zhǎng)詞的讀音,我們?cè)趙all 的時(shí)候拉長(zhǎng)讀音,在greatest和structure后稍作停頓,于是這個(gè)句子聽起來就更加容易理解,因?yàn)槲覀儼丫渥拥囊馊篢he Great Wall、was the greatest、man-made military defense structure、in ancient China劃開了。補(bǔ)充一點(diǎn),這樣的口語聽來更上檔次。所以在這里,想提醒大家是,為了使表達(dá)效果更好,是語言聽起來更加悅耳,我們不但要注意發(fā)音,還要注意說話時(shí)的斷句和重音。

這是語言的外包裝,但做好了這一切是絕對(duì)不夠的。正如每個(gè)人在打開美麗的包裝盒時(shí)所期待的是盒子里面更加誘人的禮物一樣,每個(gè)考官在悅耳的聲音背后更想想吸納入耳的絕對(duì)是有組織,有意義的詞句。所以另一重對(duì)語言的要求也接踵而至,即說話的 “實(shí)效性”:思維邏輯,語言組織和詞句質(zhì)量。

在第一和第二題的獨(dú)立口語任務(wù)中,大家需要作的是就自己的經(jīng)歷或向法來回答一些問題。題目主要涉及日常生活和一些社會(huì)現(xiàn)象,準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間15秒,答題時(shí)間45秒。這類型考試的形式和面試很相似。15秒的準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間形如虛設(shè),根本無法讓考生繪制一個(gè)好的答案。大家都知道,要想在面試中表現(xiàn)得好,事先必須有所準(zhǔn)備,同理,要想在這兩個(gè)題目上得高分,預(yù)先的素材準(zhǔn)備時(shí)必不可少的。正所謂:

有備無患,胸有成竹。

信心百倍,微笑說話。

我們先來看看關(guān)于如下題目的兩種答案:

What is you favorite place for reading?

Answer 1:

I think my favorite place for reading is the library. First because in the library, many students are reading and you will read with them. Second because in the library, you can get many books easily, so you can get to the information quickly. En … so I like to read in the library.

Answer 2:

Unlike many people, my favorite place for reading is the park. I just like the atmosphere. Reading is tiring, and when I feel tired, I can look up from the book and see people jogging on the path and boating on the lake. Then I feel relaxed. Still, when your eyes feel tired, there are many green trees and lawns to give them a good rest. In the park, you can see many old people taking their beloved birds and dogs for a walk. This gives me inspirations. Indeed, I like to read in parks rather than in libraries or classrooms。

大家一比較就會(huì)覺得,前者了無生趣,機(jī)械死板,內(nèi)容單薄;而后者新穎敵特,語言豐富,內(nèi)容翔實(shí)。我要求學(xué)學(xué)員在學(xué)習(xí)完畢之后能答出類似后者質(zhì)量的答案,但在15秒的時(shí)間內(nèi)準(zhǔn)備出后面的答案對(duì)大多數(shù)同學(xué)來說是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的,而如果提前有所準(zhǔn)備,情況就大為不同。于是第一和第二題的信心來自提前的準(zhǔn)備。但考生又會(huì)有疑問,題目范圍如此之廣,涉題領(lǐng)域如此之大,怎么下手去準(zhǔn)備呢?題目有無數(shù),準(zhǔn)備題目自然不是上策,而準(zhǔn)備“資料庫(kù)”,學(xué)會(huì)“借題發(fā)揮”則不一樣,定會(huì)事半功倍,效果非凡。于是第一和第二題的成敗關(guān)鍵就在于資料庫(kù)的搭建和“轉(zhuǎn)話”技巧的培養(yǎng)。

第三題和第五題比較類似,都是聽對(duì)話之后回答相關(guān)的問題。聽懂對(duì)話是成功的一半,而如何不失重點(diǎn),合理有效的組織答案則是成功的另一半。對(duì)于聽力好的同學(xué)而言,學(xué)習(xí)組織答案的技巧是關(guān)鍵。如果連聲累述而沒有重點(diǎn),或是詞不達(dá)意缺少亮點(diǎn),豈不白白浪費(fèi)了好的聽力。對(duì)于聽力能力欠佳的同學(xué)而言,如何把握對(duì)話的節(jié)奏,關(guān)注重要的信息,用說話結(jié)構(gòu)的完整來彌補(bǔ)聽力的不足都是重要的技巧。這些都是課堂上講述的重點(diǎn),也是備考信心的。正所謂

第三題:火眼金睛讀材料,熟門熟路記重點(diǎn)。

對(duì)話模式心有數(shù),有效信息盡入耳。

第五題:對(duì)話結(jié)構(gòu)我知道,信息丟失不重要。

答題要點(diǎn)我抓到,說話結(jié)構(gòu)都知曉。

第四和第六題類似,是通過聽一段課堂講座來答題。生僻詞匯,快速語流給同學(xué)們?cè)斐闪寺犃ι系木薮笳系K。于是大家首要解決的問題是如何對(duì)待聽力材料,如何最好的利用聽到何讀到的信息,如何在合理的答題結(jié)構(gòu)中來隱藏聽力的缺失。這樣的題目對(duì)說話的技巧要求是非常高的,而掌握這些技巧就是考試信心的源泉。正是:

第四題:火眼金睛讀材料,熟門熟路記重點(diǎn)。

講座要點(diǎn)聽于耳,答題套路埋于心。

第六題:聽懂講演是重點(diǎn),記下信息是關(guān)鍵。

巧妙避開不利點(diǎn),結(jié)構(gòu)完美撐門面。

如果大家能夠充分準(zhǔn)備,信心百倍,托福的口語考試將不再是“鬼門關(guān)”,而是“凱旋門”。

新托??荚嚳谡Z及作文部分沖刺方略

了解新托??荚嚨耐瑢W(xué)知道,新托??谡Z考察的不是生存英語,而是語言能力,邏輯思維和論證能力。在備考的過程中,除了要全面提高基本功外,還要學(xué)習(xí)并反復(fù)操練應(yīng)試技巧。

在最后的沖刺階段,口語每天仍需堅(jiān)持1~2小時(shí)練習(xí)。練習(xí)的重點(diǎn)可以放在如何在45秒內(nèi)描述事物或?qū)δ硞€(gè)觀點(diǎn)看法的能力上,因?yàn)檫@是唯一可以準(zhǔn)備而且相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單的部分。具體練習(xí)題目可參考《新托福考試官方指南》以及培訓(xùn)老師指定的題目。由于第一、二題考察的是快速反應(yīng)及應(yīng)答的能力,考生一定要事先準(zhǔn)備30個(gè)左右的段子,以便在考場(chǎng)上舉一反三,有話可說。萬一考題不是準(zhǔn)備好的內(nèi)容,一看到考題,15秒內(nèi)立即想出三個(gè)不同的形容詞或詞組,作為三層理由,然后舉一兩個(gè)例子稍微展開下即可,因此考生至少要準(zhǔn)備100個(gè)常用的形容詞,一些“百搭”經(jīng)典的理由、例子。

口語三至六題還是與聽力練習(xí)相結(jié)合。從某種意義上講,這部分的得分多少取決于考生聽力功底。在聽的過程中,記下一些關(guān)鍵詞(形容詞,動(dòng)詞,數(shù)字,例子),20-30秒內(nèi)將筆記整理標(biāo)號(hào),在60秒內(nèi)“讀”出答案就可以了。除了背一些開頭語和口語模板之外,還可以準(zhǔn)備一些常見過渡詞(the first reason is, besides, in my opinion)來顯現(xiàn)各個(gè)要點(diǎn)之間的連貫性。這部分練習(xí)應(yīng)在平時(shí)重點(diǎn)演練,在沖刺階段再練練眼,耳,口,手并用,保持一種考試狀態(tài)。

在最后幾天內(nèi),考生可以做幾套新托福網(wǎng)考模擬試題或者ETS官方網(wǎng)站上的收費(fèi)考題,熟悉界面、話筒。在人機(jī)“對(duì)話”的過程中,特別要控制答題時(shí)間,在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行充分的回答。只要平時(shí)多練習(xí),考試時(shí)保持平和的心態(tài)(切忌太緊張),相信在口語部分必會(huì)得到理想的分?jǐn)?shù)!

新托福考試作文部分沖刺方略

新托福作文包括兩個(gè)部分,一是綜合寫作部分,即integrated task,另一部分為獨(dú)立寫作部分,即independent task.

對(duì)于綜合寫作部分,由于考察的TOPIC一定是一些academic topic,一般考生不會(huì)太熟悉,因此,考生在錘煉其聽力和閱讀的基本功的基礎(chǔ)上,應(yīng)集中強(qiáng)化突破在lecture里和reading 中記筆記的能力。尤其應(yīng)注重對(duì)閱讀文章結(jié)構(gòu)和思路的清晰把握。聽力材料一般都針對(duì)閱讀文章的觀點(diǎn)或細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行反駁,反駁的切入點(diǎn)多為三點(diǎn)。 聽力反駁的要點(diǎn)一般都在閱讀材料中明確提及,一般不會(huì)涉及閱讀中完全未涉及的細(xì)節(jié)。因此,在閱讀做筆記的過程中,要讀清的論證思路,這樣在聽聽力時(shí)才能夠有的放矢,在聽力材料播放過程中準(zhǔn)確抓住我們需要的細(xì)節(jié)并做簡(jiǎn)單的筆記。 在具體寫作的過程中,注意以聽力材料中反駁的要點(diǎn)為主線組織全文結(jié)構(gòu),每一個(gè)要點(diǎn)的闡述過程中注意與閱讀中的相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)或觀點(diǎn)關(guān)聯(lián)。 各段落的結(jié)構(gòu)及一些套路性的語言事先應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)備好。

對(duì)于獨(dú)立寫作部分,極其類似于老TOEFL中的TWE. 該部分的寫作特別應(yīng)注重結(jié)構(gòu)。開頭段,中間段及結(jié)尾段落的常見結(jié)構(gòu)及寫法要很熟悉。在結(jié)構(gòu)“八股”的同時(shí),應(yīng)避免文章內(nèi)容的千篇一律。文章展開的理由和層次盡可能的要personal一些,盡量不要都去套用一些空乏的東西。 展開的層次和理由一定要有細(xì)節(jié)支持,細(xì)節(jié)可以是例子,解釋,對(duì)比等。同時(shí),文章的主題一定要明確,突出。動(dòng)筆之前一定要花兩三分鐘把提綱事先列好。在內(nèi)容充實(shí)的前提下,文章字?jǐn)?shù)盡可能多寫一些。最后,語言要做到多樣。用詞句式要多變。

托??荚嚳谡Z與心理障礙

從來沒有過對(duì)口語這樣的鐘愛,有人說口語如果在英語是母語的國(guó)家里,會(huì)很快的成熟和精煉,我說那不是絕對(duì)的,因?yàn)樵诿媲暗木褪且粋€(gè)很好的例子。

無論你是在中國(guó),還是在美國(guó)或英國(guó),如果你有心理障礙,就會(huì)出現(xiàn)以下的現(xiàn)象: 沒說話之前就在嘀咕,如果我說錯(cuò)了怎么辦? 我是用什么時(shí)態(tài)呢? 我是說慢點(diǎn)呢,還是快點(diǎn)? I THINK, I THINK…… 深沉著……

6. 抬頭,眼睛向上翻著….. 尋找著……

一個(gè)從英聯(lián)邦回來的高中生, 在那里讀了2年的高中了,與他對(duì)話嚇了一跳,我緊跟著問了幾遍,你真的是從國(guó)外回來的 沒錯(cuò),原因是同學(xué)多數(shù)是中國(guó)人,而且參加討論的課程也少,不愿意與人交流,心理上就在抵抗,那么說托??谡Z就更加的困難, IDEA全無,給人一種一片茫然的感覺,總是覺得自己會(huì)緊張,說不出來.

對(duì)于這種狀況,先消除的就是心理疾病,在交談中不斷地鼓勵(lì)和激勵(lì),并用一些適合他的方式來練嘴, 你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)心理障礙被屏蔽掉后,他說話的流利程度很快的上漲,幾天的時(shí)間就已經(jīng)表現(xiàn)出來自信和流暢.

總結(jié)的說,口語訓(xùn)練,不是只有在英語母語國(guó)家才能練出來,中國(guó)有大批的沒有出國(guó)的中國(guó)人,口語也相當(dāng)?shù)暮?只是方法問題.更何況現(xiàn)在的信息發(fā)達(dá),聽和說的機(jī)會(huì)都相當(dāng)多.我一直認(rèn)為在托??荚囍?口語和寫作是最好拿分的.

劉老太言: 你的嘴是引動(dòng)大腦積極運(yùn)動(dòng)的電源!

如何增強(qiáng)新托福口語回答連貫性

“連貫性”是新托??谡Z評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的一個(gè)非常重要的因素,它指的是口語答案中信息點(diǎn)之間的銜接是否自然流暢。以下是一些可以幫助考生增強(qiáng)口語回答連貫性的六條指導(dǎo)原則:

1. 運(yùn)用總分總的結(jié)構(gòu)

Your listeners will understand your talk better if you organize what you say in a logical sequence or linear pattern. This means that you tell the listeners what you are going to talk about and then go through the points you want to make. The most common pattern of organization is outlined below:

Introductory statement

Point 1

Point 2

Point 3

Concluding statement

An example of this pattern is shown below:

Breeding butterflies has many advantages for the collector。 way of obtaining specimens spares can be released into the wild helps survival because butterflies have been protected from natural predators

The experience is a learning experience for the collector and a benefit to the species。 運(yùn)用連接詞

Connecting ideas by using transition words and phrases tells your listeners the relationship of one idea to the next. You can signal to your listener that you are going to put events in a sequence, add information, or make a comparison. You can signal that you want to emphasize or clarify a point. Using transition words and phrases helps your listener follow the flow of your ideas. Read the following example without transitional expressions:

In my physics class, we did lots of experiments that helped clarify scientific principles. I understood those principles better by doing those experiments。

These sentences would flow better if the speaker used transitional expressions as in the following example:

In my physics class, we did lots of experiments that helped clarify scientific principles. As a result, I understood those principles better。 解釋或定義陌生概念

In order to help your listeners understand, you may need to define a term that you use in your response. Read the following example:

My hobby is telemark skiing。

If the speaker does not define the term and listeners do not know what telemark skiing is, they might not understand the rest of the passage. Sometimes listeners can guess the meaning through the context of the passage, but sometimes they cannot. Here is the definition this speaker gave of telemark skiing:

That means skiing using telemark skis。

Even though the speaker defined telemark skiing, listeners still may not understand what it means because the speaker defined the term with the same word. To effectively define a word, use a three-part definition: State the word or phrase to be defined。 Give the category that the word or phrase fits into。 Tell how the word is different from other words that fit the same category。

Read this example of an effective definition:

Telemark is a type of alpine skiing in which the boots are connected to the skis only at

the toes, so traditional skiing techniques have to be modified。 正確使用平行結(jié)構(gòu)

Your listener can understand the flow of your ideas better if you use parallel structures when you speak. Read the following incorrect example:

My teacher gave interesting assignments and motivating the students。

The listener may be confused because the speaker has mixed different grammatical structures. Does the speaker mean My teacher gave interesting and motivating assignments to the students’? In this sentence, interesting and motivating are parallel adjectives. or does the speaker mean My teacher gave interesting assignments and motivated the students? In this sentence, gave and motivated are parallel verbs。 對(duì)關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行替換或同義轉(zhuǎn)換

When a speaker keeps repeating a word or phrase, listeners can get confused. Read the following example:

My teacher wrote the assignment on the chalkboard. The assignment was on the chalkboard until the teacher erased the assignment after we had all done the assignment。

This speaker’s ideas would be clearer if the repeated words were replaced with other expressions or with pronouns. Look at the way this example can be improved:

My teacher wrote the assignment on the chalkboard. She erased the board after we had all completed the task。

The word assignment has been replaced with task; the word teacher with she; and the word chalkboard with board。

6. 時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)量的統(tǒng)一

Your listener can get confused if you are not consistent. Look at the following example:

My teacher brought five paper bags to school one day. He put us into groups and gave each group a bag. You have to take the objects out of the bags in turn and then a person has to tell a story involving the object from the bag。

The listener may get confused by the change from the past tense to the present tense, and the change from us to you and then to a person. The listener might also be confused by the change from the plural form objects and bags to the singular forms object and bag。

The listener could follow this speaker’s ideas better if the speaker were consistent. Look at the way this example can be improved:

One day my teacher put us into five different groups. He gave each group a bag and told us to take turns pulling out an object and telling the other members of the group a story involving that object。



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