2020托?？谡Z結(jié)構(gòu)分析
在托福準(zhǔn)備的過程中，想要讓自己的托?？谡Z備考過程更加流利完美，考生需要注意哪些事情呢?下面小編就和大家分享 用5層漢堡包結(jié)構(gòu)完美演繹托?？谡Z，希望能夠幫助到大家，來欣賞一下吧。
用5層漢堡包結(jié)構(gòu)完美演繹托福口語
S1 Which of the following creative activities do you feel like to get involved in? 1. Pottery making 2. Writing 3. Art creation
5層漢堡包結(jié)構(gòu)
考生在面對(duì)此類問題，首先要采用經(jīng)典的漢堡包式作為大體結(jié)構(gòu)，第一步陳述觀點(diǎn)，第二步提供支持信息，第三步排除其他選項(xiàng)，第四步同為排除其他選項(xiàng)，第五步總結(jié)。括號(hào)內(nèi)為篇幅大致占比。
Say you like A. (5%)
Explain why A is good. (50%)
Say why you don’t like B. (20%)
Say why you don’t like C. (20%)
Wrap it up. (5%)
范文
I’d like to join a writing acitivity.
Writing has been a huge problem for me. It happens very often in writing classes that I don’t even understand the question. Even if I get the meaning of the prompt, it is always difficult to come up with ideas and develop those ideas into a complete five-paragraph essay. So if a writing activity really helps, it’s definitely worth trying.
I know pottery making is fun, but it feels bad to get my hands dirty and get my t-shirts stained.
As for art creation, it simply sounds too complicated.
So again, a writing activity will be a good choice for me.
范文分析
通常第二部分對(duì)于考生是難點(diǎn)，這篇范文結(jié)構(gòu)上使用了“描述問題——提出解決方案”的結(jié)構(gòu)，通過If條件句來佐證自己的觀點(diǎn)，充實(shí)內(nèi)容(well-developed)。
Come up with, definitely worth trying, get my hands dirty等搭配用法，不僅在句型上多樣化，而且使表達(dá)更加地道。
I'd like, I know, it sounds, so again等詞組能讓整個(gè)片段聽上去更加合理通順，文脈清晰，讓考官覺得有理有據(jù)，即使不用那些難懂的詞匯。
所有內(nèi)容搭建在5層漢堡包的框架上，組織得當(dāng)?？谡Z用詞不需要很難，盡量多用phrasal verbs。內(nèi)容聯(lián)系自身實(shí)際，言之有物。結(jié)構(gòu)可以照搬漢堡包，反復(fù)練習(xí)達(dá)到自然表達(dá)。
托?？谡Z評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)解析|從零開始
相信學(xué)習(xí)過托福的同學(xué)都知道托福口語部分總共有6個(gè)任務(wù)，單項(xiàng)總分為30分。那么這30分是怎么評(píng)出來的呢?rater會(huì)根據(jù)考生的回答打出0-4分的原始分?jǐn)?shù)，注意rater打出的分?jǐn)?shù)均為整數(shù)，不存在3.4、2.6等小數(shù)，六道題目的分?jǐn)?shù)加總后求出平均分，再根據(jù)以下分?jǐn)?shù)換算表進(jìn)行一定的轉(zhuǎn)換得到最終的分?jǐn)?shù)。
在講解具體每一個(gè)分?jǐn)?shù)的具體要求前我們先來回顧一下托?？谡Z評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)三大維度，它們分別是delivery、language use 以及topic development。我們來看一下官方指南上對(duì)于這三點(diǎn)的解釋。
01 Delivery
Delivery ：How clear your speech is. Good responses are those in which the speech is fluid and clear, with good pronunciation, natural pacing, and natural-sounding intonation patterns
語言表達(dá)：考生是否能做到清晰的表達(dá)，好的表達(dá)應(yīng)該流暢清晰、發(fā)音正確、語速適中、語音語調(diào)自然。
02 Language use
Language use：How effectively you use grammar and vocabulary to convey your ideas. Raters will be listening for how well you can control both basic and more complex language structures and use appropriate vocabulary.
語言運(yùn)用：考生是否能有效使用英文語法和詞匯來表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)。評(píng)分人會(huì)考察考生能否熟練運(yùn)用簡(jiǎn)單和復(fù)雜的語言結(jié)構(gòu)和恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~匯。
03Topic development
Topic development：How fully you answer the question and how coherently you present your ideas. Good responses generally use all or most of the time allotted, and the relationship between ideas and the progression from one idea to the next is clear and easy to follow.
話題發(fā)展：考生是否能完成命題所要求的所有任務(wù)，表達(dá)是否連冠一致。好的表達(dá)應(yīng)該在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)完成，并且能夠讓評(píng)分人很容易聽出各個(gè)觀點(diǎn)之間的關(guān)系和思路之間的銜接。
搞清楚三大評(píng)分維度之后，我們快來看一下ets給出的托福獨(dú)立口語四分評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。
回答概述：回答滿足了任務(wù)的要求。允許考生在答題過程中出現(xiàn)一些小錯(cuò)誤。回答清晰明了并且連貫流暢
這一分?jǐn)?shù)的回答具有以下列出的所有特點(diǎn)：
語言表達(dá)：總體上語速適中，語言清晰流暢。存在一些小的失誤或發(fā)音和語調(diào)上的小問題。但是并不影響整體的可理解性。
語言使用：回答顯示考生能夠有效地運(yùn)用語法和詞匯，回答存在較高程度的自主性并且能夠很好地掌握基本和復(fù)雜的句式結(jié)構(gòu)?；卮鹪试S出現(xiàn)一些明顯的小錯(cuò)誤，但不會(huì)混淆意思。
話題發(fā)展：回答一直在持續(xù)并且充分滿足了題目要求?？傮w上話題展開比較充分而且具有連貫性。論點(diǎn)之間的關(guān)系清楚明了。
我們將以上內(nèi)容做一總結(jié)：
由此可見四分回答也并不是完美無暇的，高分回答也可能會(huì)犯一些小錯(cuò)誤，只要不影響整體回答的完整性和可理解性即可。下面我們來看一道例題幫助大家更好的理解評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
Some universities require first year students to live in dormitories on campus. Others allow students to live off campus. Which policy do you think is better and why? Include details and examples in your explanation.
Sample 1
I think the better policy is to make student live in the dorm, because the first year student live in the dorm...because I think they can be safer first, because they are from...most are come from other town, so they don’t really know the environment. so...I think it safer. huh...Moreover I think they can make friends in the dorm so they can have good relationship to know on the...on the university’s...is...I mean...they know better the environment. Especially they don’t have cars...
Sample 2
Um... I think it’s better for the first- year students to live on campus rather than off campus. Main reason because they are new to the city and it’s safer for them to live on campus where there’s more security. Because they don’t know much about the city in the first place. Uh... Second of all, it helps them to become more familiar with the surroundings where they have to study. It also helps them to meet new people. Living in the dorm encourages friendships with people who you might not...um...seem very comfortable with first time. And it helps to meet new people, it helps to doing with the seniors if any live in the dorm.
托?？谡Z評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)解析|實(shí)例詳解
題目：
Some universities require first year students to live in dormitories on campus. Others allow students to live off campus. Which policy do you think is better and why? Include details and examples in your explanation.
sample 1
I think the better policy is to make student live in the dorm, because the first year student live in the dorm, because I think they can be safer first, because they are from most of them are come from other town, so they don’t really know the environment. so I think it safer. huh, moreover I think they can make friends in the dorm so they can have a good relationship to know on the, on the university’s is, the goal I mean, they know better the environment. Especially they don’t have cars.
sample 2
I think it’s better for the first year students to live on campus rather than off campus. Main reason because they are new to the city and it safer for them to live on campus where there’s more security. Because they don’t know much about the city in the first place. Second of all, it helps them to become more familiar with the surroundings where they have to study. It also helps them to meet new people. Living in the dorm encourages friendships with people who you might not seem very comfortable with first time. And it helps to meet new people, it helps to interact with the seniors if any live in your dorm.
現(xiàn)在來公布正確答案，sample 2是滿分回答，不知道大家有沒有回答正確呢?
我們來分析一下為什么能夠拿到4分
01 Delivery
雖然有一些口音，但是整體清晰流暢，連貫性好，發(fā)音不錯(cuò)，很容易讓人聽懂speaker表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。
02 Language use
詞匯使用恰當(dāng)，語法能夠準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)，句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整并且具有一定的多樣性。
03 Topic development
答案結(jié)構(gòu)完整，考生能夠恰當(dāng)?shù)鼗卮鹆藛栴}，并且有一定的細(xì)節(jié)來支撐自己的觀點(diǎn)。
以上三點(diǎn)均能滿足，所以sample 2為滿分回答。
那么大家可以猜測(cè)一下sample response1是多少分呢?
Sample 1在實(shí)際考試中拿到了3分，在講解為什么這個(gè)回答是三分之前，我們還是先來學(xué)習(xí)一下ets 給出的3分評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的具體內(nèi)容, 判斷一下sample 1是否滿足我們3分評(píng)分細(xì)則。
回答概述
回答能夠恰當(dāng)?shù)赝瓿深}目，但是缺乏充分的細(xì)節(jié)展開?；卮鸫篌w上清晰明了、邏輯連貫，但是在表達(dá)論點(diǎn)上有一些明顯的失誤。這一分?jǐn)?shù)的回答至少包括右邊所列的兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)：
語言表達(dá)
回答總體清晰流暢，但是發(fā)音、語調(diào)或語速上存在一些小錯(cuò)誤，聽者需要時(shí)不時(shí)地努力去聽才能理解。(盡管并沒有嚴(yán)重地影響回答的清晰度)
語言運(yùn)用
回答顯示考生基本能夠有效自主地使用語法和詞匯，并連貫地表達(dá)相關(guān)論點(diǎn)。回答存在一些不準(zhǔn)確的用詞或錯(cuò)誤的語法結(jié)構(gòu)，并且句式多樣性也很有限。這或許影響總體的流利性，但是并不會(huì)嚴(yán)重地影響信息的表達(dá)。
話題發(fā)展
回答總體上持續(xù)連貫，并表達(dá)了相關(guān)論點(diǎn)和信息。但是論點(diǎn)展開受限，通常缺乏對(duì)論點(diǎn)的充分展開和具體的細(xì)節(jié)，論點(diǎn)之間的關(guān)系有時(shí)不清楚。
Sample 1
01 Delivery
有一些發(fā)音上的小錯(cuò)誤，回答停頓處稍多，但基本不影響整體理解
02 Language use
有一定的語法錯(cuò)誤，詞匯和句式稍受限，但基本不影響理解
03 Topic development
答案結(jié)構(gòu)較為完整，回答了問題，并給出了一定的理由，但是缺乏細(xì)節(jié)支撐
由此可見sample response 1是滿足3分評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的。雖然不是滿分也有一定的缺陷，但也是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的成績(jī)，因?yàn)槿绻覀冊(cè)趕peaking section中的6道題都能拿到3分，最后的口語總分也有23分。
希望今天講解完這兩個(gè)口語回答后，大家能對(duì)3分和4分評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有更深入的了解，并且對(duì)我們獨(dú)立口語也要充滿信心，因?yàn)闈M分回答也不是完美無暇的，拿到3分也是比較容易的 只要我們answer the question給出你的答案，keep talking 說滿45秒，基本就有三分，如果想拿4分的話 give realated details。
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2020托?？谡Z結(jié)構(gòu)分析
