雅思小作文如何抓住主要特征進(jìn)行描寫
雅思小作文如何抓住主要特征進(jìn)行描寫,一起看看吧,下面小編就和大家分享,來(lái)欣賞一下吧。
雅思小作文如何抓住主要特征進(jìn)行描寫
雅思小作文我們不算混合圖通常會(huì)分為六個(gè)圖。而這六個(gè)圖雖然圖形各有特點(diǎn),但有一個(gè)共同部分就是題目要求里的的第二句話“Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the mainfeatures, and make comparisons where relevant”,即在所有的雅思小作文中,我們需要去summarize(總結(jié))。而summarize的方法題目中也已經(jīng)告訴了我們,即找“main features”(主要特征) 和做“comparison”(對(duì)比)。
這也就引出了學(xué)生們常犯的第一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤,即過(guò)于追求或描述細(xì)節(jié),尤其是寫在多圖題的時(shí)候,很容易忽略了真正的“main feature”。比如在劍橋真題第七套第四部分里(如下圖):
學(xué)生在描述澳大利亞2000年的能源時(shí)往往會(huì)對(duì)所有能源都進(jìn)行細(xì)致的描述,對(duì)待Coal和Natural Gas使用一樣的篇幅,比如去年暑假我在萬(wàn)達(dá)校區(qū)的一個(gè)中級(jí)班學(xué)生大致是這樣寫的“The Nuclear Power constituted the biggest proportion at 126units..... The units of Hydro power was the smallest part which was 2 units”
這樣一來(lái),我們的小作文就有點(diǎn)像中文常說(shuō)的“流水賬”,每個(gè)數(shù)值都有描述,讓考官看不出你的重點(diǎn)。
相反,我們?nèi)绻馨延邢薜淖謹(jǐn)?shù)來(lái)專注于比重最大部分,淡化描述甚至忽略不重要部分,那你的key feature就要清晰得多, 如:By 2000, coal had beenthe fuel for more than 75% of electricity produced and hydro continued to beanother significant source which was much lower than coal’s units.
雅思大作文到底有沒(méi)有套路可言
在上了一段時(shí)間雅思課程或者參加過(guò)考試后,很多同學(xué)往往認(rèn)為小作文比大作文容易提高,原因是“套路”比較多,例如數(shù)據(jù)分析的方式以及常用表達(dá)。那么大作文到底有沒(méi)有“套路”呢?我的理解是:有,但是可以照搬套路的地方卻是有限的。今天我就來(lái)和大家聊聊哪些地方是可以應(yīng)用,甚至建議使用套路的,哪些地方卻需要用大家的創(chuàng)意和知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備來(lái)自由發(fā)揮的。
首先要回答的問(wèn)題是,雅思大作文一般分幾段?答案:建議四到五段,也就是主體段兩到三段。再多或再少都不合適。再少,主體不分段,文章邏輯感不強(qiáng),沒(méi)有達(dá)到coherence and cohesion的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn);再多,在本身大作文字?jǐn)?shù)不多的情況下,往往意味著沒(méi)有一個(gè)分論點(diǎn)或主體段拓展充分。
以一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的題目為例,具體講講每個(gè)段落怎么寫或者如何應(yīng)用“套路”。
例題:
Some people think that living in big cities is bad for health. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion (2017.6.3)
首先關(guān)于開頭段,我在不同分?jǐn)?shù)段的班級(jí)所教授的方法有所不同。
在6.5分強(qiáng)化班,我會(huì)大致介紹典型學(xué)術(shù)議論文開頭段有兩個(gè)主要目的:
1. 介紹引出話題,也就是讓讀者自然進(jìn)入話題,而不要突兀地在開頭寫“I totally agree/disagree with it.”
2. 亮明主旨概要
對(duì)于agree/disagree類型大作文,其實(shí)就是點(diǎn)出作者傾向;而對(duì)于其他類型的大作文,是告知讀者本文的目的所在,例如“… has both positive and negative outcomes”。這一目的是選做的,也就是開頭不寫作者立場(chǎng)完全可以。
在5.5分班,有同學(xué)初次接觸這類型作文,經(jīng)常一提筆就語(yǔ)塞,怎么也寫不出第一句話。針對(duì)這種情況,就推薦由三句話組成的一個(gè)更簡(jiǎn)單的模版:第一句“大背景”,可以寫任何和該話題有關(guān)的內(nèi)容,例如很多同學(xué)喜歡寫的時(shí)代背景。就這題而言,“With the process of urbanization, an increasing numberof people move to big cities to seek for better work and educationalopportunities.”當(dāng)然,套路的副作用是很多同學(xué)千篇一律的開頭“Nowadays”。而更有創(chuàng)意的寫法會(huì)令考官耳目一新,例如有人改寫了錢鐘書的名言,“大城市就像個(gè)圍城,里面的人想要出去,外面的人想要進(jìn)來(lái)……”
最后在7分班,追求高分的終極目標(biāo)必然是接近natives,所以模仿考官范文是必不可少的。這時(shí)大家會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),考官的范文幾乎沒(méi)有任何固定套路可言,只要心中有“譜”,落筆就可以自然地行云流水,絲毫不受套路的桎梏。需要提醒的是,不要寫典型中國(guó)式的“假大空”的話,首當(dāng)其沖的就是“With the development of society”。理由是社會(huì)的發(fā)展是個(gè)很寬泛的概念,老外根本無(wú)法和人們?nèi)コ鞘猩盥?lián)系起來(lái),也就是英文寫作需要越具體越直接越好。
接下來(lái)主體段,典型議論文一個(gè)opinion paragraph 至少包含一個(gè)鮮明的分論點(diǎn),而且以主題句形式放在段落偏前位置。什么樣的句子適合充當(dāng)主題句呢?依然以這個(gè)話題為例,傾向agree的三位同學(xué)各想了一句話,請(qǐng)看誰(shuí)的更適合作為topic sentence?
哪句更適合做topic sentence?
A Living in big cities is bad for health due to theair pollution.
B There are a large number of vehicles and factories in big cities.
C The large number of vehicles and factories in bigcities can emit poisonous gases, leading to respiratory diseases.
事實(shí)上三位說(shuō)的都沒(méi)問(wèn)題,但相比而言A更適合。也就是說(shuō),主題句并非越長(zhǎng)或越短越好,而是最直接回答原題,且是這段文字統(tǒng)領(lǐng)性的話。
接下來(lái)圍繞主題句,拓展解釋部分就稱為支持句supporting sentences。常用的拓展方法包括因果法(此時(shí)就可以把B和C放里頭),還有對(duì)比論證法(例如By contrast, rural areas, with its boundless greenery,offer fresh air and water that does great benefit to people’s body and soul.)以及例證法(例如,Many people in Shanghai still have memories of theterribly smoggy weather that lasted for a whole winter.)
需要指出的是,支持句是緊密圍繞主題句,對(duì)其進(jìn)行展開的,切不可出現(xiàn)支持句“寫飛了”的情況。例如某同學(xué)想要論證“奧運(yùn)會(huì)的一個(gè)好處是給舉辦國(guó)帶來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)受益”。后面寫的卻是“隨著奧運(yùn)會(huì)的舉行,世界各國(guó)游客紛紛涌入。他們會(huì)在當(dāng)?shù)刭?gòu)買東西,這樣也方便我國(guó)傳播文化,提升我國(guó)在國(guó)際社會(huì)的地位”。所有不是直接解釋“經(jīng)濟(jì)受益”的內(nèi)容都是多余,屬于邏輯凌亂,也就是議論文寫作不要“over-ambitious”,一個(gè)論點(diǎn)充分論證后再寫下一個(gè)論點(diǎn)。而論點(diǎn)之間彼此應(yīng)該是相互平行或遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系,不應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)彼此包含,甚至repetitive的情況。
最后在有限的時(shí)間里,如何快速完成大作文結(jié)尾段呢?對(duì)于所剩時(shí)間非常少的同學(xué),兩個(gè)任務(wù)可以就完成。
第一個(gè):總結(jié)全文觀點(diǎn),重申立場(chǎng)。例如,In conclusion, when taking into account the airpollution, high working pressure and the spread of diseases, living in bigcities is indeed detrimental to people’s health. 這也是最不費(fèi)神,比較好寫的方法。
而時(shí)間沒(méi)有那么倉(cāng)促的同學(xué),可以在第一個(gè)任務(wù)之后適當(dāng)升華主題。升華的方法有很多,包括提個(gè)建議(Therefore, the government should do more to improvethe air quality and open more parks while the city dwellers themselves shouldkeep a balance between work and life.), 或是展望未來(lái)(Attention should be drawn to these issues, as it is predicted that morepeople will migrate to big cities and these problems will become even moresignificant.) 需要注意的是,結(jié)尾段自己的立場(chǎng)一定要鮮明,也就是不要出現(xiàn)“反水”的情況,在最后突然倒戈支持對(duì)立方。
所以總結(jié)來(lái)說(shuō),大作文有套路的地方包括:議論文的一般段落組成(有別于散文)、語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格(正式語(yǔ)言、完整句子)、常用拓展技巧(因果法、例證法、對(duì)比法...);而需要大家自由發(fā)揮的內(nèi)容包括:觀點(diǎn)(沒(méi)有對(duì)錯(cuò)之分)、拓展內(nèi)容(說(shuō)清楚就行)、段落結(jié)構(gòu)(單邊論證或讓步與反駁論證都沒(méi)關(guān)系)。同學(xué)們?cè)谡莆者@些基本套路之后,就可以盡情地發(fā)揮創(chuàng)意、各抒己見(jiàn)!
雅思寫作千萬(wàn)小心這些誤區(qū)
雅思寫作考試誤區(qū)1:寫夠字?jǐn)?shù)很重要,否則沒(méi)機(jī)會(huì)通過(guò)
事實(shí):字?jǐn)?shù)是雅思寫作要求之一,但是這只是很多量分因素的一個(gè),如果你寫的作文其他方面好,譬如說(shuō)用詞和內(nèi)容,即便字?jǐn)?shù)不夠,拿7分也是可能的。以往有太多的學(xué)生是字?jǐn)?shù)不夠,最后也通過(guò)的。
雅思寫作考試誤區(qū)2:字?jǐn)?shù)越多,分?jǐn)?shù)越高
事實(shí):雅思沒(méi)有安慰分和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)分一說(shuō)。文章的質(zhì)量決定分?jǐn)?shù)(而不是字?jǐn)?shù))。如果字?jǐn)?shù)越多分?jǐn)?shù)越高,那你下一次背好兩個(gè)文章,直接寫上去,寫800單詞,看看幾分。
雅思寫作考試誤區(qū)3:換詞可以加分
事實(shí):考官會(huì)看學(xué)生是否能夠用不同方式去表達(dá)一個(gè)事情,也就是表達(dá)的變化是寫作能力的一個(gè)體現(xiàn)。但是前提是你的表達(dá)變化是準(zhǔn)確的,地道的。否則,考官只會(huì)扣分。譬如說(shuō)“receivetreatment”有些同學(xué)覺(jué)得receive太簡(jiǎn)單,寫成“acquiretreatment”。這個(gè)學(xué)生就是5.5分級(jí)別的學(xué)生,為什么?因?yàn)橛⑽暮軤€,爛到不知道acquire和treatment不能連用。
雅思寫作考試誤區(qū)4:寫復(fù)雜句和分詞結(jié)構(gòu)可以加分
事實(shí):句子變化是體現(xiàn)一個(gè)人的寫作能力,但是如果你的復(fù)雜句錯(cuò)誤,考官會(huì)扣分,而不是加分。使用不恰當(dāng),譬如說(shuō)套句,不該用的地方粗暴出現(xiàn),那么也會(huì)扣分。譬如說(shuō)很多同學(xué)喜歡用定語(yǔ)從句,“where
have…”這就是5.5分。因?yàn)閣here引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句后面是獨(dú)立的句子,不可能缺乏主語(yǔ)??脊俨皇且?yàn)槟阌昧藈here就給分,而是看你用的對(duì)不對(duì),恰當(dāng)不恰當(dāng)。
雅思寫作考試誤區(qū)5:語(yǔ)法不重要,關(guān)鍵是單詞和內(nèi)容夠牛
事實(shí):句子結(jié)構(gòu)不對(duì),語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤一多,哪怕是你用多高端的詞,多好的內(nèi)容都是5.5分。道理很簡(jiǎn)單,哪怕中文也是。如果通篇白字,寫的句法不通,你用唐詩(shī)宋詞,旁征博引,你的讀者覺(jué)得你連基本的文化都沒(méi)有,更不要說(shuō)水平多高了。
雅思寫作考試誤區(qū)6:詞伙和大詞多用可以加分
事實(shí):作文不是單詞比賽。作文的目的是交流。我們中文那些著名的小說(shuō),著名的詩(shī)歌,著名的議論文,哪一篇里面是一堆大詞?一堆詞伙?一堆成語(yǔ)?
好的文章是內(nèi)容的充實(shí),句子的流暢,用詞的恰當(dāng)??脊儆肋h(yuǎn)不是看著單詞的“出現(xiàn)”而給分,是看著單詞的“使用”而給分。
雅思大作文模板參考:網(wǎng)購(gòu)取代逛商場(chǎng)是好事嗎
Such is nature to own what our hearts desire that is why many modern people like to spend their hardly earned money on their favorite goods. The contrivance of the Internet has profoundly revolutionized modern people’s option of consumption in many aspects. People have been debating the pros of cons of on-line shopping without reaching any definite agreement. Personally speaking, the merits of shopping on line prevail over its possible demerits.
Seen from the positive aspects, many benefits could be gained by selecting and buying our favorites on line. The most glaring merit is that on-line shopping not only surmounts the geographical barrier,economizes great amounts of time, but also improves the flexibility of consumption. In this sense, those who select on-line shopping have more time to embark on more worthwhile things such as focusing on working or building up physique. Another advantage coming from on-line consumption is that it adds spice to our dull routine of daily life. A case in point is that a lot of fashionable ladies take pleasure in browsing various on-line shops, comparing different prices and bargaining with the owners of on-line shops. They usually end up buying their desirable goods. Last,on-line shopping will exert a beneficial influence on one’s financial budget due to the fact that on-line shops, in most cases, do not need to rent spacious places or employing many salesgirls, therefore, the price of on-line merchandise is, comparatively speaking, economical and reasonable, which indicates that we can buy more desirable goods even though we are hard-pressed for money.
Problems, however, inevitably ensue. On-line shopping is a two-edged weapon which can be used equally for good or evil. One possible demerit is that many on-line advertisements are full of flowery phrases and empty promises, therefore, consumers might be fooled into buying counterfeited goods. Many stories concerning on-line consumption fraud could justify my worry. Even worse,it is highly possible that some young consumers might spend money like water on their favorite goods on line out of the reason of seizing the chances of discount, in this case, on-line buying will impose much pressure upon some unwise consumers economically.
Overall, what is of the utmost importance is to harness the merits of on-line buying and discard its demerits. The government should be urged to strengthen the censorship of on-line ads. Meanwhile, it is the duty of every consumer to raise the awareness of wise consumption.
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